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Languages : fr
Pages : 0
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Author: France. Conseil des prélèvements obligatoires
Publisher: La Documentation Française
ISBN: 9782110076403
Category : Households
Languages : fr
Pages : 369
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Book Description
Après avoir retracé les évolutions au cours des dix dernières années du montant et de la composition des patrimoines des ménages, le Conseil s'est attaché à examiner la fiscalité du patrimoine des ménages au travers de sa détention, de sa transmission et du revenu qu'il procure. L'analyse synthétique à laquelle il procède, en s'appuyant sur des comparaisons internationales, confronte les prélèvements obligatoires aux objectifs traditionnellement assignés à la fiscalité : le rendement budgétaire, l'efficacité économique, l'équité sociale, la lisibilité pour le contribuable. C'est donc un diagnostic et une méthode pour une réforme de la fiscalité du patrimoine des ménages que le Conseil des prélèvements obligatoires tente d'établir, car aucune étude de cette nature n'a été effectuée depuis 1998. Le rapport s'appuie sur des analyses qui couvrent les années 1997 à 2007. Les données disponibles au moment où il a été rédigé (d'octobre 2008 à février 2009) ne permettaient pas d'avoir une appréciation suffisamment fine et complète de l'année 2008, le Conseil des prélèvements obligatoires, conscient de ces limites, a toutefois décidé de respecter les échéances de remise du rapport sans ignorer pour autant les événements liés à la crise économique et financière. Les analyses historiques ont aussi cherché à replacer les observations dans une perspective plus longue que la période 1997-2007, exceptionnelle du point de vue de la valorisation des patrimoines. Les constatations, lorsque cela était nécessaire et possible, ont été adaptées pour tenir compte des effets probables de la crise économique et financière dont, en mars 2009, ni l'ampleur, ni les développements ne sont parfaitement cernés.
Author: André Serdeczny
Publisher:
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Languages : fr
Pages : 326
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Publisher: Odile Jacob
ISBN: 2738183018
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 225
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Author: Luc Boltanski
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1509528741
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 507
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This book offers a major new account of modern capitalism and of the ways in which value and wealth are created today. Boltanski and Esquerre argue that capitalism in the West has recently undergone a fundamental transformation characterized by de-industrialization, on the one hand, and, on the other, by the increased exploitation of certain resources that, while not entirely new, have taken on unprecedented importance. It is this new form of exploitation that has given rise to what they call the ‘enrichment economy’. The enrichment economy is based less on the production of new objects and more on the enrichment of things and places that already exist. It has grown out of a combination of many different activities and phenomena, all of which involve, in their varying ways, the exploitation of the past. The enrichment economy draws upon the trade in things that are intended above all for the wealthy, thus providing a supplementary source of enrichment for the wealthy people who deal in these things and exacerbating income inequality. As opportunities to profit from the exploitation of industrial labour began to diminish, capitalism shifted its focus to expand the range of things that could be exploited. This gave rise to a plurality of different forms for making things valuable – valuing objects in terms of their properties is only one such form. The form that plays a central role in the enrichment economy is what the authors call the ‘collection form’, which values objects based on the gap they fill in a collection. This valuation process relies on the creation of narratives which enrich commodities. This wide-ranging and highly original work makes a major contribution to our understanding of contemporary societies and of how capitalism is changing today. It will be of great value to students and scholars in sociology, political economy and cultural studies, as well as to anyone interested in the social and economic transformations shaping our world.
Author: Pablo Beramendi
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN: 1610440447
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 447
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Book Description
The gap between the richest and poorest Americans has grown steadily over the last thirty years, and economic inequality is on the rise in many other industrialized democracies as well. But the magnitude and pace of the increase differs dramatically across nations. A country's political system and its institutions play a critical role in determining levels of inequality in a society. Democracy, Inequality, and Representation argues that the reverse is also true—inequality itself shapes political systems and institutions in powerful and often overlooked ways. In Democracy, Inequality, and Representation, distinguished political scientists and economists use a set of international databases to examine the political causes and consequences of income inequality. The volume opens with an examination of how differing systems of political representation contribute to cross-national variations in levels of inequality. Torben Iverson and David Soskice calculate that taxes and income transfers help reduce the poverty rate in Sweden by over 80 percent, while the comparable figure for the United States is only 13 percent. Noting that traditional economic models fail to account for this striking discrepancy, the authors show how variations in electoral systems lead to very different outcomes. But political causes of disparity are only one part of the equation. The contributors also examine how inequality shapes the democratic process. Pablo Beramendi and Christopher Anderson show how disparity mutes political voices: at the individual level, citizens with the lowest incomes are the least likely to vote, while high levels of inequality in a society result in diminished electoral participation overall. Thomas Cusack, Iverson, and Philipp Rehm demonstrate that uncertainty in the economy changes voters' attitudes; the mere risk of losing one's job generates increased popular demand for income support policies almost as much as actual unemployment does. Ronald Rogowski and Duncan McRae illustrate how changes in levels of inequality can drive reforms in political institutions themselves. Increased demand for female labor participation during World War II led to greater equality between men and women, which in turn encouraged many European countries to extend voting rights to women for the first time. The contributors to this important new volume skillfully disentangle a series of complex relationships between economics and politics to show how inequality both shapes and is shaped by policy. Democracy, Inequality, and Representation provides deeply nuanced insight into why some democracies are able to curtail inequality—while others continue to witness a division that grows ever deeper.
Author: Gertrude Schaffner Goldberg
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199718202
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 353
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The first book to study women's poverty over the life course, this wide-ranging collection focuses on the economic condition of single mothers and single elderly women--while also considering partnered women and immigrants--in eight wealthy but diverse countries: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In a rich analysis of labor market and social welfare sectors, Gertrude Schaffner Goldberg and a team of outstanding international contributors conclude that both living-wage employment and government provision of adequate benefits and services are necessary if lone women are to achieve a socially acceptable living standard. Taken together, the chapters extend a feminist critique of welfare state theories and chart nations' disparate progress against poverty -- probing, for instance, how Sweden emerged a leader in the prevention of women's poverty while the United States continues to lag. By identifying the social and economic policies that enable women to live independently, Poor Women in Rich Countries provides nothing less than a blueprint for abolishing women's poverty.
Author: Pierre Bourdieu
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 113587316X
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 641
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Book Description
Examines differences in taste between modern French classes, discusses the relationship between culture and politics, and outlines the strategies of pretension.
Author: International Statistical Institute
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Statistics
Languages : en
Pages : 380
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Book Description
V. 1-5, v. 7-10 include "Bulletin bibliographique."
Author: Jill Forbes
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317877918
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 409
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Book Description
In one stimulating source this successful text provides a rigorous analysis of the political, economic and social developments in post-war France. The analysis is supported by specially selected French language texts and exercises. This text is suitable for undergraduate students of French (especially within a languages, social science, or business course) and for courses in French Studies and European Studies.
