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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Book Description
This article will provide an overview of the significant legal issues and policy decisions unique to Operation Restore Hope. The first step will be a discussion of the underlying legal principles applicable both from a national and international perspective. Thereafter, the article looks at rules of engagement, a key element in the operation; guidance on the use of force, both deadly and non-lethal; women and children as combatants; and UNITAF weapons control policy, one of the most difficult issues faced in Somalia. The last topics examined are the problems faced by the UNITAF staff during the transition to United Nations operations. Operation Restore Hope was a success. It will not be remembered for the number of weapons confiscated or the amount of food delivered. Success was properly measured by the improved security for the Somali people at the time of transition, 4 May 1993. The challenges facing UNOSOM II in Somalia are much more formidable than those faced by UNITAF. UNOSOM II has assumed responsibility for disarmament and nation-building tasks that were outside the scope of the UNITAF mission. The challenge for UNOSOM II is to accomplish the expanded mission without becoming embroiled in the factional fighting to the point of backing one faction against the others. Whether the United Nations will succeed can best be expressed by a phrase common in the Moslem world: "En Sh' Allah, "--If it is willed by God.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Book Description
This article will provide an overview of the significant legal issues and policy decisions unique to Operation Restore Hope. The first step will be a discussion of the underlying legal principles applicable both from a national and international perspective. Thereafter, the article looks at rules of engagement, a key element in the operation; guidance on the use of force, both deadly and non-lethal; women and children as combatants; and UNITAF weapons control policy, one of the most difficult issues faced in Somalia. The last topics examined are the problems faced by the UNITAF staff during the transition to United Nations operations. Operation Restore Hope was a success. It will not be remembered for the number of weapons confiscated or the amount of food delivered. Success was properly measured by the improved security for the Somali people at the time of transition, 4 May 1993. The challenges facing UNOSOM II in Somalia are much more formidable than those faced by UNITAF. UNOSOM II has assumed responsibility for disarmament and nation-building tasks that were outside the scope of the UNITAF mission. The challenge for UNOSOM II is to accomplish the expanded mission without becoming embroiled in the factional fighting to the point of backing one faction against the others. Whether the United Nations will succeed can best be expressed by a phrase common in the Moslem world: "En Sh' Allah, "--If it is willed by God.
Author: Hussein Mohamed Adam
Publisher: Red Sea Press(NJ)
ISBN:
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 274
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Book Description
An exploration of the Somali crisis, which reveals the political cultures of Somalia and Somaliland in the process, and the underlying complexities that can result in the collapse or sustained development of a society. Dr Adam explores how the indigenous political structures of Somalia and Somaliland foster local initiatives in peace building and democratic governance, whilst examining the inner workings of the Siyad dictatorship and its militarism, and the civil wars of Somali past.
Author: Tatiana Nenova
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Somalia has lacked a recognized government since 1991. In extremely difficult conditions the private sector has demonstrated its much vaunted capability to make do. To cope with the absence of the rule of law, private enterprises have been using foreign jurisdictions or institutions to help with some tasks, operating within networks of trust to strengthen property rights, and simplifying transactions until they require neither. Somalia's private sector experience suggests that it may be easier than is commonly thought for basic systems of finance and some infrastructure services to function where government is extremely weak or absent.
Author: Michael van Notten
Publisher: Red Sea Press(NJ)
ISBN: 9781569022498
Category : Customary law
Languages : en
Pages : 255
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Book Description
Om Somalias retspleje og love
Author: Richard Winship Stewart
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Military assistance, American
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
Author: Lidwien Kapteijns
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN: 0812207580
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
In 1991, certain political and military leaders in Somalia, wishing to gain exclusive control over the state, mobilized their followers to use terror—wounding, raping, and killing—to expel a vast number of Somalis from the capital city of Mogadishu and south-central and southern Somalia. Manipulating clan sentiment, they succeeded in turning ordinary civilians against neighbors, friends, and coworkers. Although this episode of organized communal violence is common knowledge among Somalis, its real nature has not been publicly acknowledged and has been ignored, concealed, or misrepresented in scholarly works and political memoirs—until now. Marshaling a vast amount of source material, including Somali poetry and survivor accounts, Clan Cleansing in Somalia analyzes this campaign of clan cleansing against the historical background of a violent and divisive military dictatorship, in the contemporary context of regime collapse, and in relationship to the rampant militia warfare that followed in its wake. Clan Cleansing in Somalia also reflects on the relationship between history, truth, and postconflict reconstruction in Somalia. Documenting the organization and intent behind the campaign of clan cleansing, Lidwien Kapteijns traces the emergence of the hate narratives and code words that came to serve as rationales and triggers for the violence. However, it was not clans that killed, she insists, but people who killed in the name of clan. Kapteijns argues that the mutual forgiveness for which politicians often so lightly call is not a feasible proposition as long as the violent acts for which Somalis should forgive each other remain suppressed and undiscussed. Clan Cleansing in Somalia establishes that public acknowledgment of the ruinous turn to communal violence is indispensable to social and moral repair, and can provide a gateway for the critical memory work required from Somalis on all sides of this multifaceted conflict.
Author: Pat Proctor
Publisher: University of Missouri Press
ISBN: 0826274374
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 503
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Book Description
Colonel Pat Proctor’s long overdue critique of the Army’s preparation and outlook in the all-volunteer era focuses on a national security issue that continues to vex in the twenty-first century: Has the Army lost its ability to win strategically by focusing on fighting conventional battles against peer enemies? Or can it adapt to deal with the greater complexity of counterinsurgent and information-age warfare? In this blunt critique of the senior leadership of the U.S. Army, Proctor contends that after the fall of the Soviet Union, the U.S. Army stubbornly refused to reshape itself in response to the new strategic reality, a decision that saw it struggle through one low-intensity conflict after another—some inconclusive, some tragic—in the 1980s and 1990s, and leaving it largely unprepared when it found itself engaged—seemingly forever—in wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. The first book-length study to connect the failures of these wars to America’s disastrous performance in the war on terror, Proctor’s work serves as an attempt to convince Army leaders to avoid repeating the same mistakes.
Author: Anna Simons
Publisher: Westview Press
ISBN: 9780813325811
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
In this penetrating and timely book, Anna Simons documents Somalia's impending slide toward anarchy. How do people react to a failing yet still repressive government? What do they do when the banks run out of cash? How do they cope with unprecedented uncertainty? These are some of the questions Simons addresses as she introduces the reader to Somalia's descent into dissolution from within the Somali capital of Mogadishu.Exploring the volatile mix of external interest in Somalia, internal politicking, and enduring social structure, she shows how cross-cultural misunderstanding and regroupment are key to explaining Somalia's breakdown at the national level. One aim of this book is to challenge broadly held assumptions about the content of nationalism, tribalism, and the state, as defined and debated by academics and as experienced by individuals. Another is to analyze the making of a pivotal moment in Somali history. Simons charts new ground in the study of the dissolution of a state at all levels, shuttling back and forth between micro and macro frames, historical and everyday practices, and expatriate and Somali experiences.
Author: Michael van Notten
Publisher: Red Sea Press(NJ)
ISBN: 9781569022504
Category : Customary law
Languages : en
Pages : 255
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Book Description
Detailing the striking features of Somali law - which is compensatory, rather than punitive - van Notten demonstrates how this legislature stands in line with the Latin and Medieval laws and English Common law. He delineates areas within Somali law that are in need of non-legislative change and shows clearly why any attempt to set up a democracy in Somalia would inevitably produce chaos.
Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437923089
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 234
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Book Description
This study examines the American military's experience with urban operations in Somalia, particularly in the capital city of Mogadishu. That original focus can be found in the following pages, but the authors address other, broader issues as well, to include planning for a multinational intervention; workable and unworkable command and control arrangements; the advantages and problems inherent in coalition operations; the need for cultural awareness in a clan-based society whose status as a nation-state is problematic; the continuous adjustments required by a dynamic, often unpredictable situation; the political dimension of military activities at the operational and tactical levels; and the ability to match military power and capabilities to the mission at hand.
