Laser Transmission Model, Balloon Experiment, and Satellite Remote Sensing for Thin Cirrus to Support ABL. PDF Download
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 14
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Book Description
A three-dimensional (3-D) model has been developed for the transmission and backscattering of a high-energy laser beam through inhomogeneous high-level clouds in plane-parallel and spherical geometries. The formulations of laser transmission and backscattering are based on the successive-order-of scattering approach in which multiple scattering by cloud and aerosol particles can be effectively accounted for. Effects of the cloud inhomogeneity on 3-D laser transmission and backscattering have been examined by using 3-D cirrus cloud fields inferred from a combination of satellite data and a parameterization of the vertical cloud profile involving temperature from sounding and /or analysis. The model simulation results for 3D direct transmission, forward-scattered transmission, and backscattering differ substantially from those for the 2-D model developed previously. The Earth's curvature effect becomes increasingly significant for laser transmission as the distance between the aircraft and the target increases. The 3-D laser transmission and backscattering model can be directly linked to cloud data derived from satellite remote sensing and numerical forecasting models for tactical application.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 14
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Book Description
A three-dimensional (3-D) model has been developed for the transmission and backscattering of a high-energy laser beam through inhomogeneous high-level clouds in plane-parallel and spherical geometries. The formulations of laser transmission and backscattering are based on the successive-order-of scattering approach in which multiple scattering by cloud and aerosol particles can be effectively accounted for. Effects of the cloud inhomogeneity on 3-D laser transmission and backscattering have been examined by using 3-D cirrus cloud fields inferred from a combination of satellite data and a parameterization of the vertical cloud profile involving temperature from sounding and /or analysis. The model simulation results for 3D direct transmission, forward-scattered transmission, and backscattering differ substantially from those for the 2-D model developed previously. The Earth's curvature effect becomes increasingly significant for laser transmission as the distance between the aircraft and the target increases. The 3-D laser transmission and backscattering model can be directly linked to cloud data derived from satellite remote sensing and numerical forecasting models for tactical application.
Author: Ila L. Kolb
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781423524779
Category : Atmosphere
Languages : en
Pages : 88
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Book Description
Since approximately 20% of the globe is covered with cirrus clouds at any given time, it is clear that any airborne or spaceborne system using a laser will intercept cirrus clouds at some point. Cirrus clouds contain a very complex microphysical structure that will affect laser power by scattering and reflecting it away from the intended target, thus reducing efficiency and possibly even making it ineffective. Using two thin cirrus laser transmission models, a single homogeneous cloud layer model and a multiple cloud layer model, laser transmission profiles are generated from a simulated cirrus cloud case created by the RAMS model. Sensitivity studies are performed on the laser transmission model to examine the effects of aerosols and water vapor, ice crystal orientation, multiple scattering contributions, and the differences between the single and multiple layer models. Different parts of the RAMS simulated cloud are examined as well as the development of a particular cloud feature. The two different laser transmission models are compared against each other for a variety of different cirrus cloud conditions within the simulated case. Optical depth is a cloud variable that is fairly well measured using remote sensing techniques and airborne lidar. Average optical depth is examined as a viable parameter to indicate the likely transmission through a cloud.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Book Description
Future high-altitude laser systems may be affected by cirrus clouds. Laser transmission models were applied to measured and retrieved cirrus properties to determine cirrus impact on power incident on a target or receiver. A major goal was to see how well radiosondes and geostationary satellite imagery could specify the required properties. Based on the use of ground-based radar and lidar measurements as a reference, errors in cirrus-top and cirrus-base height estimates from radiosonde observations were 20%- 25% of geostationary satellite retrieval errors. Radiosondes had a perfect cirrus detection rate as compared with 80% for satellite detection. Ice water path and effective particle size were obtained with a published radar-lidar retrieval algorithm and a documented satellite algorithm. Radar-lidar particle size and ice water path were 1.5 and 3 times the satellite retrievals, respectively. Radar-lidar-based laser extinction coefficients were 55% greater than satellite values. Measured radar-lidar cirrus thickness was consistently greater than satellite-retrieved thickness, but radar-lidar microphysical retrieval required detection by both sensors at each range gate, which limited the retrievals' vertical extent. Greater radar-lidar extinction and greater satellite-based cirrus thickness yielded comparable optical depths for the two independent retrievals. Laser extinction-transmission models applied to radiosonde-retrieved cirrus heights and satellite-retrieved microphysical properties revealed a significant power loss by all models as the laser beam transits the cirrus layer. This suggests that cirrus location is more important than microphysics in high-altitude laser test support. Geostationary satellite imagery may be insufficient in cirrus detection and retrieval accuracy. Humidity-sensitive radiosondes are a potential proxy for ground-based remote sensors in cirrus detection and altitude determination.
Author: Claus Weitkamp
Publisher: Springer Science & Business
ISBN: 0387251014
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 467
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Book Description
Written by leading experts in optical radar, or lidar, this book brings all the recent practices up-to-date. With a Foreword by one of the founding fathers in the area. Its broad cross-disciplinary scope should appeal to scientists ranging from the view of optical sciences to environmental engineers. Optical remote sensing has matured to become a lead method for cross-disciplinary research. This new multi-authored book reviews the state-of-the-art in a readable monograph.
Author: Roland Stull
Publisher: Sundog Publishing, LLC
ISBN: 9780888652836
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 942
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Book Description
A quantitative introduction to atmospheric science for students and professionals who want to understand and apply basic meteorological concepts but who are not ready for calculus.
Author: Darko Koračin
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319452290
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 540
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Book Description
This volume presents the history of marine fog research and applications, and discusses the physical processes leading to fog's formation, evolution, and dissipation. A special emphasis is on the challenges and advancements of fog observation and modeling as well as on efforts toward operational fog forecasting and linkages and feedbacks between marine fog and the environment.
Author: Agnès Perrin
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402050909
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 347
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Book Description
This volume continues presentation of the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) held at Rabat, Morocco on the 17-19th of November 2005 entitled Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere for Environmental Security. Coverage includes a review of recent and upcoming experimental satellite measurements of the Earth’s atmosphere, characterisation of pollution in urban areas and the growing lack of water in many countries of the Mediterranean area, and more.
Author: Domenico Cimini
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642129684
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 310
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Book Description
The book is a collection of the lectures delivered during the 7th International Summer School on Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (ISSAOS) titled “Integrated Ground-Based Observing Systems Applications for Climate, Meteorology, and Civil Protection”. Its aim is to contribute to the scientific understanding of basic concepts and applications of integrated ground-based observing systems. The first part describes the most common instrumentations showing their strengths and limitations. Furthermore, strategic plans for the deployment of an observation site are discussed along with an overview of techniques for integrating heterogeneous data. The second part introduces cutting-edge applications, including assimilation in numerical weather prediction, climate benchmarking, air quality monitoring and meteo/hydrological warnings.
Author: John M. Wallace
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080499538
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 507
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Book Description
Atmospheric Science, Second Edition, is the long-awaited update of the classic atmospheric science text, which helped define the field nearly 30 years ago and has served as the cornerstone for most university curricula. Now students and professionals alike can use this updated classic to understand atmospheric phenomena in the context of the latest discoveries, and prepare themselves for more advanced study and real-life problem solving. This latest edition of Atmospheric Science, has been revamped in terms of content and appearance. It contains new chapters on atmospheric chemistry, the Earth system, the atmospheric boundary layer, and climate, as well as enhanced treatment of atmospheric dynamics, radiative transfer, severe storms, and global warming. The authors illustrate concepts with full-color, state-of-the-art imagery and cover a vast amount of new information in the field. Extensive numerical and qualitative exercises help students apply basic physical principles to atmospheric problems. There are also biographical footnotes summarizing the work of key scientists, along with a student companion website that hosts climate data; answers to quantitative exercises; full solutions to selected exercises; skew-T log p chart; related links, appendices; and more. The instructor website features: instructor’s guide; solutions to quantitative exercises; electronic figures from the book; plus supplementary images for use in classroom presentations. Meteorology students at both advanced undergraduate and graduate levels will find this book extremely useful. Full-color satellite imagery and cloud photographs illustrate principles throughout Extensive numerical and qualitative exercises emphasize the application of basic physical principles to problems in the atmospheric sciences Biographical footnotes summarize the lives and work of scientists mentioned in the text, and provide students with a sense of the long history of meteorology Companion website encourages more advanced exploration of text topics: supplementary information, images, and bonus exercises
Author: Ian Barnes
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9781402009594
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 356
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Book Description
The NATO ARW in Irkutsk was an excellent occasion for the coming together of Eastern and Western scientists who are involved in tropospheric science; the workshop has greatly contributed to the scientific and social understanding among the participants from the many different countries. Many new personal contacts were made which will help to strengthen future collaborations. In particular, the Lake Baikal area and the Limnological Institute offer splendid opportunities for environmental research which, in part, is already on going. For most participants it was the first time to see the impressive nature of the Lake Baikal region. Hopefully, there will be a chance for a follow-up event in Siberia where researchers from the East and West can again meet and engage in fruitful scientific dialogue. The book contains extended abstracts of the lectures and the poster presentations presented at the NATO ARW "Global Atmospheric Change and its Impact on Regional Air Quality" Irkutsk, Lake Baikal, Russian Federation, August 21-27, 2001. The ARW was composed of 22 oral presentations by key lecturers and 6 additional shorter oral presentations from participants. In a special poster session the 36 poster contributions were presented and discussed. Unfortunately not all contributors submitted extended abstracts, however, to compensate two contributions have been added from 2 participants who were originally invited but were unable to attend.
