Large-scale Coordinated Neural Ensemble Coding of Motor Behavior in the Cerebellum PDF Download
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Author: Mark Wagner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The cerebellum is critical for learning skilled movements such as reaching and manipulating objects. Coordination of ensemble neuronal spiking may be key to cerebellar control of movement, but is largely unexplored during skilled behavior. Here we show that skilled reaching tasks evoke novel coordinated silence, spiking, and motor coding seen only by monitoring many Purkinje neurons simultaneously. We designed a robotic manipulandum that mice grasped while making targeted reaches during 2-photon calcium imaging. Neurons often all stopped spiking together, much more frequently than observing each neuron separately would predict. This concerted silence signaled individual reaches more effectively than ensemble average spiking. We also found that collective synchronous spiking near reach onset accompanied less jerky and variable movements. Robotic perturbations to reaching elicited collective direction-selective synchrony. These coordinated activity patterns were unavailable from individual neurons or traditional population averages and hint at a novel reaching-evoked coordinated cerebellar circuit state.
Author: Mark Wagner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The cerebellum is critical for learning skilled movements such as reaching and manipulating objects. Coordination of ensemble neuronal spiking may be key to cerebellar control of movement, but is largely unexplored during skilled behavior. Here we show that skilled reaching tasks evoke novel coordinated silence, spiking, and motor coding seen only by monitoring many Purkinje neurons simultaneously. We designed a robotic manipulandum that mice grasped while making targeted reaches during 2-photon calcium imaging. Neurons often all stopped spiking together, much more frequently than observing each neuron separately would predict. This concerted silence signaled individual reaches more effectively than ensemble average spiking. We also found that collective synchronous spiking near reach onset accompanied less jerky and variable movements. Robotic perturbations to reaching elicited collective direction-selective synchrony. These coordinated activity patterns were unavailable from individual neurons or traditional population averages and hint at a novel reaching-evoked coordinated cerebellar circuit state.
Author: Armin Fuchs
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540744797
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 356
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Book Description
One of the most striking features of Coordination Dynamics is its interdisciplinary character. The problems we are trying to solve in this field range from behavioral phenomena of interlimb coordination and coordination between stimuli and movements (perception-action tasks) through neural activation patterns that can be observed during these tasks to clinical applications and social behavior. It is not surprising that close collaboration among scientists from different fields as psychology, kinesiology, neurology and even physics are imperative to deal with the enormous difficulties we are facing when we try to understand a system as complex as the human brain. The chapters in this volume are not simply write-ups of the lectures given by the experts at the meeting but are written in a way that they give sufficient introductory information to be comprehensible and useful for all interested scientists and students.
Author: Detlef Heck
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128016752
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Book Description
The Neuronal Codes of the Cerebellum provides the most updated information on what is known on the topics of the cerebellum's anatomy and single cell physiology, two areas where there has been a gap in knowledge regarding the specific codes it uses to process information internally and convey commands to other brain regions. This has created difficulties for researchers and clinicians looking to develop an understanding of the mechanisms by which it contributes to behavior and how its dysfunction causes neurological symptoms. Focused on findings related to the neuronal code used by cerebellar neurons for the representation of behavioral and sensory processes, this edited volume will aid scientists in overcoming that knowledge gap, also serving as the first resource to broadly address the different aspects of spike coding in the cerebellum that focuses on spike train analysis. - Compiles current knowledge about functioning of the cerebellum on a cellular basis and how information is encoded in the cerebellum - Highlights findings related to the neuronal code used by cerebellar neurons for the representation of behavioral and sensory processes - Contents include an introduction to the cerebellum and experimental/theoretical techniques, as well as the function of cerebral coding during disorder, learning, behavior generation, motor behavior, and more - Bridges the gap for cerebellar researchers between single cell biophysics/anatomic studies and behavioral studies - Incorporates various in vivo approaches with different behavioral paradigms in primates and rodents, modeling studies of coding, and in vitro approaches
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080857752
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 709
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Book Description
The Cerebellum and Cognition pulls together a preeminent group of authors. The cerebellum has been previously considered as a highly complex structure involved only with motor control. The cerebellum is essential to nonmotor functions, and recent research has revealed new medically important roles of the cerebellum and cognitive processes. - Selected for inclusion in Doody's Core Titles 2013, an essential collection development tool for health sciences libraries - Comprehensive coverage of cerebellum in motor control and cognition - New developments regarding the cerebellum and motor systems - Therapeutic implications of cerebellar contributions to cognition - Preeminent group of contributors
Author: F. Lacquaniti
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780792340096
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 358
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Book Description
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Multi-Sensory Control of Movement, Trieste, Italy, 3-12 July 1994
Author: James R. Bloedel
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262024044
Category : Classical conditioning
Languages : en
Pages : 470
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Book Description
Our motor skills determine how well we perform in athletics, dance, music, and in carrying out countless daily chores. While our proficiency at performing individual actions and synthesizing them into seamless sequences limits our athletic and artistic talents, we are not perpetually bound by such limitations. The nervous system can acquire new, and modify old, motor behaviors through experience and practice. That is motor learning.The Acquisition of Motor Behavior in Vertebratesprovides a broad, multidisciplinary survey of recent research on the brain systems and mechanisms underlying motor learning. Following the editors' introduction, nineteen contributions report on the neurobiology of these higher brain functions and on diverse types of motor learning such as reflex adaptation, conditioned and instrumental reflex learning, visually guided actions, and complex sequences and skills.
Author: Jeffery A. Winer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441900748
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 711
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Book Description
There has been substantial progress in understanding the contributions of the auditory forebrain to hearing, sound localization, communication, emotive behavior, and cognition. The Auditory Cortex covers the latest knowledge about the auditory forebrain, including the auditory cortex as well as the medial geniculate body in the thalamus. This book will cover all important aspects of the auditory forebrain organization and function, integrating the auditory thalamus and cortex into a smooth, coherent whole. Volume One covers basic auditory neuroscience. It complements The Auditory Cortex, Volume 2: Integrative Neuroscience, which takes a more applied/clinical perspective.
Author: Reza Shadmehr
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262195089
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 608
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Book Description
An introduction to the computational biology of reaching and pointing, with an emphasis on motor learning. Neuroscience involves the study of the nervous system, and its topics range from genetics to inferential reasoning. At its heart, however, lies a search for understanding how the environment affects the nervous system and how the nervous system, in turn, empowers us to interact with and alter our environment. This empowerment requires motor learning. The Computational Neurobiology of Reaching and Pointing addresses the neural mechanisms of one important form of motor learning. The authors integrate material from the computational, behavioral, and neural sciences of motor control that is not available in any other single source. The result is a unified, comprehensive model of reaching and pointing. The book is intended to be used as a text by graduate students in both neuroscience and bioengineering and as a reference source by experts in neuroscience, robotics, and other disciplines. The book begins with an overview of the evolution, anatomy, and physiology of the motor system, including the mechanisms for generating force and maintaining limb stability. The sections that follow, "Computing Locations and Displacements", "Skills, Adaptations, and Trajectories", and "Predictions, Decisions, and Flexibility", present a theory of sensorially guided reaching and pointing that evolves organically based on computational principles rather than a traditional structure-by-structure approach. The book also includes five appendixes that provide brief refreshers on fundamentals of biology, mathematics, physics, and neurophysiology, as well as a glossary of relevant terms. The authors have also made supplemental materials available on the Internet. These web documents provide source code for simulations, step-by-step derivations of certain mathematical formulations, and expanded explanations of some concepts.
Author: J. Massion
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 376
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Book Description
Author: Li Zhang, Dr
Publisher: Open Dissertation Press
ISBN: 9781361362808
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This dissertation, "The Cerebellar Mechanism of Secretin in Modulating Mouse Motor Coordination and Motor Learning Behaviors" by Li, Zhang, 張力, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Motor coordination and motor learning processes are vital for animal survival. Both functions require the participation of cerebellar Purkinje neurons, which are the integrating center as they receive both excitatory and inhibitory inputs from various neurons and send out the sole inhibitory output of cerebellar cortex. Secretin, a classical peptide hormone, has been shown previously as a retrograde factor to up-regulate GABAergic inhibitory transmission on basket-Purkinje cell synapses in rats. In behavioral perspectives, there have been studies reporting changes of motor function, anxiety level, spatial memory and social interactions after application or deprivation of secretin. Based on current knowledge, secretin is hypothesized to modulate mouse motor coordination and motor learning behaviors through its effects on Purkinje neurons. To test this hypothesis, a Purkinje cell-specific secretin gene knockout moue model (Pur-Sct-/-) has been developed using Cre-Loxp recombination technique. Using immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization, secretin expression has been shown to be specifically eliminated in Purkinje neurons. Pur-Sct-/- mice had intact general motor ability and anxiety level in an open field. Neuromuscular strength of Pur-Sct-/-mice was impaired compared to wild type littermates in wire hanging test. Motor coordination ability was compromised as shown by vertical climbing and rotarod tasks. Further tests using repeated training on rotarod suggested impaired motor learning ability. All these behavioral changes have also been observed in secretin-null (Sct-/-) and secretin receptor-null (Sctr-/-) mice, suggesting that normal motor control and motor learning depend on integrity of secretin-secretin receptor axis in cerebellum. Postnatal neural developmental study revealed later occurrence of two motor reflexes -righting and negative geotaxis -in Pur-Sct-/-juveniles. Motor deficits in rotarod tasks persisted across mice aging from month 2 to month 9 while wire hanging impairments occurred early in Pur-Sct-/-. Secretin thus may also play a role in early postnatal cerebellar development and neural protection in mature cerebellum. To investigate the underlying mechanism, Purkinje neurons were voltage-clamped for current recording. Secretin potentiated both spontaneous and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSC and mIPSC) in wild type Purkinje cells. InPur-Sct-/- and Sctr-/- mice, basal levels of sIPSC and mIPSC were significantly decreased, suggesting a role of endogenous secretin in maintaining cerebellar inhibitory transmission. The exogenous application of secretin restored IPSC in Pur-Sct-/- but not in Sctr-/- mice to comparable wild type levels, indicating the specific binding of Purkinje-derived secretin and secretin receptor underlyingthis inhibitory potentiation. In summary, secretin released in Purkinje neurons has significant role in maintaining normal motor coordination and motor learning functions. Secretin also participates in the facilitation of inhibitory transmission on interneuron-Purkinje synapses. This inhibitory potentiation is likely to coordinate motor behaviors, although further in vivo studies are required for substantiation. This study has demonstrated the function of secretin in modulating mouse motor coordination and motor learning behaviors, and in Purkinje neuron inhibitory transmis
