Congrès des avoués de France (Fédération générale des avoués de France). PDF Download
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Author:
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Languages : en
Pages :
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Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
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Author:
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Languages : en
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Titanium dioxide (TiO2), a semiconductor metal oxide, has been used in heterogeneous photocatalysis for the destruction of organic, inorganic, and biological materials. The chief objectives of my doctoral research are to generate kinetic data and to develop engineering models for photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) using TiO2 thin films for current challenges in "solid"--Solid and air-solid environmental remediation. Three topics are studied in detail: i. TiO2 Photocatalytic Oxidation for Formaldehyde Removal from Air (Air-Solid) Formaldehyde (CH2O) is a toxic air contaminant present in industrial, commercial, and residential buildings. A novel rotating honeycomb adsorbent coupled with a PCO reactor was demonstrated by F. Shiraishi and coworkers for CH2O oxidation. They showed that their cyclic adsorbent D PCO reactor could oxidize CH2O to concentrations below the WHO guideline, but they made no attempt to model the system. In this project we modeled their batch system at transient and steady states. In addition, we applied the batch model kinetic parameters to design a continuous system for typical residential home challenges. ii. TiO2 Photobleaching of Dye Layers as a Field Analysis Method ("Solid"-Solid) Technological advances in the past decade allow glass manufacturers to deposit thin, photoactive, nano-sized TiO2 layers on glass billed as "self-cleaning" surfaces. Field installation of such "self-cleaning" window glass for office buildings or residential homes will require the creation of field analysis methods to characterize the initial and continuing catalyst activity variations with time and environmental conditions. In this project we characterized the PCO properties of commercial Pilkington Activ"!glass by oxidizing deposited organic dyes (a) to show visual decolorization and recovery of the aesthetic clarity of the glass and (b) to determine the light-driven reaction kinetics on Activ"!glass. i.
Author: M. Schiavello
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
Photocatalysis is a reaction which is accelerated by light while a heterogeneous reaction consists of two phases ( a solid and a liquid for example). Heterogeneous Photocatalysis is a fast developing science which to date has not been fully detailed in a monograph. This title discusses the basic principles of heterogeneous photocatalysis and describes the bulk and surface properties of semiconductors. Applications of various types of photoreactions are described and the problems related to the modeling and design of photoreactors are covered.
Author: Dongfang Yang
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1789233267
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 520
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Book Description
Titanium dioxide is currently being used in many industrial products. It provides unique photocatalytic properties for water splitting and purification, bacterial inactivation, and organics degradation. It has also been widely used as the photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cells and coatings for self-cleaning surfaces, biomedical implants, and nanomedicine. This book covers various aspects of titanium dioxide nanomaterials including their unique one-dimensional, two-dimensional, mesoporous, and hierarchical nanostructures and their synthetic methods such as sol-gel, hydrothermal, anodic oxidation, and electrophoretic deposition, as well as its key applications in environmental and energy sectors. Through these 24 chapters written by experts from the international scientific community, readers will have access to a comprehensive overview of the recent research and development findings on the titanium dioxide nanomaterials.
Author: It-Meng Low
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000348229
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has drawn considerable attention as an attractive inorganic raw material for various applications due to its inexpensiveness, nontoxic nature, stability, and excellent photocatalytic activity. Photocatalysis is one of the most promising route for sustainable chemistry of the 21st century. It can contribute to solving environmental, global energy, and chemical problems, as well as to the sustainable production of commodities in the near future. This book presents the fundamentals of photocatalysis in nanostructured TiO2 and describes the factors affecting the photocatalytic activity, design, and synthesis of various forms of nanostructured TiO2. It highlights the use of ion-doping and inert-atmosphere annealing to extend the light-absorption range of photocatalysts and reduce recombination between electrons and holes. It discusses numerous applications in the fields of energy and environment, such as water purification, gas sensing, storage and delivery, and energy generation. The book is an invaluable resource and useful guide for a broad readership in various fields of catalysis, materials science, environment, and energy.
Author: Vincenzo Augugliaro
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1847558704
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 259
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Book Description
The book deals with the environmentally friendly cleaning materials functionalized with TiO2, a widely known semiconductor giving rise to redox reactions under artificial or solar irradiation. The role of titanium dioxide in the worldwide community is introduced first. The fundamental working principles of heterogeneous photocatalysis follow and a critical section on the semiconductor bulk and surface properties open the way to the differences between TiO2 blend features with respect to analogous thin film layouts. Then Follows the main section of the book which deals with the techniques applied to manufactured commercial devices, ranging from glasses to textiles and from concrete and other construction materials to paintings. Also road asphalt and other devices, such as photocatalytic air conditioning machines are outlined. Last generation materials, not yet commercialized, and the deposition techniques applied to prepare them are also widely discussed. The final part of the book covers the difficult and modern topic of standardization and comparison of performance of photocatalytic processes and in particular the guidelines proposed by various worldwide organizations for standardization are discussed. The book covers the general matters as well as the practical applications with the supporting methods discussed in detail. This book brings together a team of highly experienced and well-published experts in the field, providing a comprehensive view of the applications of supported titanium dioxide.
Author: Lorena Lopez Vanegas
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Book Description
As the need for safe and clean water has increased globally over the years, recycling wastewater has gained great importance not only for economic reasons but to help the environment through the reduction of the contamination load by using recycled water for those final purposes that do not require drinking water quality. In this regard, greywater is seen as one of the most appropriate and promising sources of wastewater with great potential for treatment and reuse as it represents between 60% to 75% of the domestic wastewater daily volume and contains a lower concentration of organic compounds and fewer pathogens when compared to other wastewater sources (Nolde, 2000b, Friedler, 2004, Abu Ghunmi et al., 2011, Eriksson et al., 2002). This project investigated the potential of heterogeneous TiO2 photocatalytic processing for domestic greywater treatment through evaluating the TiO2 photocatalytic activity against methyl orange in the presence of a wide range of individual greywater components. The research was developed in three stages; in stage one the design of highly efficient large-scale TiO2 photocatalytic films was achieved, in stage two the full characterisation of the TiO2 films was done including the evaluation of the photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 films towards UV photodegradation of methyl orange (probe species) and in stage three the assessment of large-scale TiO2 films for the photocatalytic treatment of individual greywater components was carried out. A TiO2 sol-gel formulation used for the synthesis of the TiO2 colloidal solution was found to be appropriate for the preparation of large-scale TiO2 films since these showed high photocatalytic response. This was the first time that this formulation was successfully used for the preparation of large-scale TiO2 films even though it has been previously used for coatings on different types of fabrics (Tung and Daoud, 2009, Tung and Daoud, 2011). For the immobilisation of this formulation, a doctor blade coating technique was found to allow for preparation of more efficient TiO2 films than a spray coating technique. Acid frosted soda-lime glass substrate allowed for deposition of continuous and uniform nanostructured anatase films with high photocatalytic activity. The photodegradation of aqueous solution of methyl orange over anatase TiO2 films exhibited pseudo-first-order kinetics only during the first catalytic oxidation cycle. Deviations from first order kinetics in subsequent catalytic runs were ascribed to film activation as a result of modifications of the catalyst surface during the initial cycle. These results were the baseline for the assessment of the TiO2 photocatalytic processing for greywater treatment. A detailed study of the photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 films towards the UV photodegradation of methyl orange in the presence of twenty four different individual greywater components was carried out. Reactions trends were identified for the effect of the tested individual greywater components during the initial cycle of treatment and the effect of their degradation products during a second cycle. It was found that some key components present in greywater have deleterious effects on both catalyst performance and activation while others were found to assist the catalyst and enhanced its activation. However, it was only possible to develop a partial predictive model of the performance of the TiO2 films for real greywater situations because of the complexity of the competing processes involved. Overall, in this study the preparation of highly efficient anatase TiO2 photocatalytic films suitable for wastewater treatment was achieved. Reaction trends for the effects of a wide range of domestic greywater components on the TiO2 catalyst performance and re-use were identified. These findings show that there is more to investigate about the behaviour of the TiO2 catalyst towards individual greywater components before TiO2 photocatalytic processing can be fully understood and assessed for the treatment of complex wastewater streams such as greywater.
Author: Akira Fujishima
Publisher:
ISBN: 9784939051036
Category : Photocatalysis
Languages : en
Pages : 176
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Book Description
Author: Rodrigo Teixeira Bento
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Technology
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The aim of this work was to characterize and evaluate the influence of the thickness on the photocatalytic efficiency of titanium dioxide thin films on the degradation of methyl orange dye under UV light irradiation. The films of 280 and 468 nm thick were deposited on borosilicate substrates at 400°C by the MOCVD technique using titanium isoproxide IV as precursor. XRD analyses showed the formation of anatase-TiO2 phase. Cross-sectional FE-SEM images show that the films presented a dense columnar structure and grown perpendicularly to the substrate surface. The photocatalytic activity of the catalysts was studied using UV-vis spectrophotometry The TiO2 film with 468 nm of thickness presented higher photocatalytic activity exhibiting 69% of dye degradation. The increase of grain size and thickness of the films promoted an improvement of photocatalytic efficiency.
Author: Aracely Hernández-Ramírez
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319109995
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Book Description
This critical volume examines the different methods used for the synthesis of a great number of photocatalysts, including TiO2, ZnO and other modified semiconductors, as well as characterization techniques used for determining the optical, structural and morphological properties of the semiconducting materials. Additionally, the authors discuss photoelectrochemical methods for determining the light activity of the photocatalytic semiconductors by means of measurement of properties such as band gap energy, flat band potential and kinetics of hole and electron transfer. Photocatalytic Semiconductors: Synthesis, Characterization and Environmental Applications provide an overview of the semiconductor materials from first- to third-generation photocatalysts and their applications in wastewater treatment and water disinfection. The book further presents economic and toxicological aspects in the production and application of photocatalytic materials.
