Kinds, Things, and Stuff

Kinds, Things, and Stuff PDF Author: Francis Jeffry Pelletier
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0195382897
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 242

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Book Description
With philosophical and linguistic semanticists on the one side and cognitive and developmental psychologists on the other, questions in the semantic and logical theories of generic statements that employ mass terms by looking to the cognitive abilities of speakers and of child language-learners are discussed.

Kinds, Things, and Stuff

Kinds, Things, and Stuff PDF Author: Francis Jeffry Pelletier
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0195382897
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 242

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Book Description
With philosophical and linguistic semanticists on the one side and cognitive and developmental psychologists on the other, questions in the semantic and logical theories of generic statements that employ mass terms by looking to the cognitive abilities of speakers and of child language-learners are discussed.

Kinds, Things, and Stuff

Kinds, Things, and Stuff PDF Author: Francis Jeffry Pelletier
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199726094
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 242

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Book Description
A generic statement is a type of generalization that is made by asserting that a "kind" has a certain property. For example we might hear that marshmallows are sweet. Here, we are talking about the "kind" marshmallow and assert that individual instances of this kind have the property of being sweet. Almost all of our common sense knowledge about the everyday world is put in terms of generic statements. What can make these generic sentences be true even when there are exceptions? A mass term is one that does not "divide its reference;" the word water is a mass term; the word dog is a count term. In a certain vicinity, one can count and identity how many dogs there are, but it doesn't make sense to do that for water--there just is water present. The philosophical literature is rife with examples concerning how a thing can be composed of a mass, such as a statue being composed of clay. Both generic statements and mass terms have led philosophers, linguists, semanticists, and logicians to search for theories to accommodate these phenomena and relationships. The contributors to this interdisciplinary volume study the nature and use of generics and mass terms. Noted researchers in the psychology of language use material from the investigation of human performance and child-language learning to broaden the range of options open for formal semanticists in the construction of their theories, and to give credence to some of their earlier postulations--for instance, concerning different types of predications that are available for true generics and for the role of object recognitions in the development of count vs. mass terms. Relevant data also is described by investigating the ways children learn these sorts of linguistic items: children can learn how to sue generic statements correctly at an early age, and children are adept at individuating objects and distinguishing them from the stuff of which they are made also at an early age.

The Last Lecture

The Last Lecture PDF Author: Randy Pausch
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780340978504
Category : Cancer
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
The author, a computer science professor diagnosed with terminal cancer, explores his life, the lessons that he has learned, how he has worked to achieve his childhood dreams, and the effect of his diagnosis on him and his family.

Close Encounters Of The Fourth Kind

Close Encounters Of The Fourth Kind PDF Author: C.D.B. Bryan
Publisher: Knopf
ISBN: 0307803163
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 720

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Book Description
Close Encounters of the Fourth Kind: cases in which personal contact between an individual or individuals is initiated by the “occupants” of the spacecraft. Such contact may involve the transportation of the individual from his or her terrestrial surroundings into the spacecraft, where the individual is communicated with and/or subjected to an examination before being returned. One might expect that a “scientific conference” devoted to people who have reported being kidnapped by “little green men” would be dismissed out of hand. But C.D.B. Bryan, the greatly admired journalist and author of Friendly Fire, did not dismiss it: the conference was to be held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and would have as its chairmen a Pulitzer Prize-winning Harvard psychiatry professor and a professor of physics from M.I.T. Bryan attended the conference throughout its five days. He approached the subject with no prior stand, no agenda, and an open (if slightly skeptical) mind. As the conference progressed, he was astonished by the quality of the stories told by the hundreds of men and women who came forward hesitantly and reluctantly with their utterly amazing—and utterly convincing—accounts of having been abducted and then examined aboard extraterrestrial spacecraft by spindly limbed, telepathic gray creatures with outsized foreheads dominated by huge, compelling, tear-shaped black eyes. What most astonished Bryan were the similarities found again and again in these accounts and the consistency of their details. It is here that the heart of the mystery lies: as the Harvard professor John E. Mack asked at the conference, “If what the abductees are saying isn’t happening to them, then what is?” This question—and the possible answers—are at the center of this richly explicit, serious, and riveting book. Bryan recreates the conference. He interviews ufology’s most prominent psychiatrists, psychologists, hypnotherapists, researchers, physicists, physicians, and folklorists. He interweaves throughout the testimony of the abductees themselves, who tell us their stories in chilling detail. He presents, in depth, the Close Encounter experiences of two women whose stories he tells on the basis of both their spontaneous recollections of the events and their memories that were retrieved through sessions of hypnosis of which Bryan himself was a witness. Finally, Bryan examines the current theories—psychological, psychiatric, medical, parapsychological—that have been put forward by the unconvinced to explain the abduction phenomenon. Are the abductees suffering from some sort of false memory syndrome? . . . a multiple or dissociative personality disorder? . . . Are they fantasy-prone? Close Encounters of the Fourth Kind is a detailed, objective exploration—the most concrete to date—of one of the enduring and amazing mysteries of our time. It is a book that will equally fascinate believers and nonbelievers.

Beyond Concepts

Beyond Concepts PDF Author: Ruth Garrett Millikan
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0198717199
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 249

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Book Description
Ruth Garrett Millikan presents a highly original account of cognition - of how we get to grips with the world in thought. The question at the heart of her book is Kant's 'How is knowledge possible?', but answered from a contemporary naturalist standpoint. The starting assumption is that we are evolved creatures that use cognition as a guide in dealing with the natural world, and that the natural world is roughly as natural science has tried to describe it. Very unlike Kant, then, we must begin with ontology, with a rough understanding of what the world is like prior to cognition, only later developing theories about the nature of cognition within that world and how it manages to reflect the rest of nature. And in trying to get from ontology to cognition we must traverse another non-Kantian domain: questions about the transmission of information both through natural signs and through purposeful signs including, especially, language. Millikan makes a number of innovations. Central to the book is her introduction of the ideas of unitrackers and unicepts, whose job is to recognize the same again as manifested through the jargon of experience. She offers a direct reference theory for common nouns and other extensional terms; a naturalist sketch of conceptual development; a theory of natural information and of language function that shows how properly functioning language carries natural information; a novel description of the semantics/pragmatics distinction; a discussion of perception as translation from natural informational signs; new descriptions of indexicals, demonstratives and intensional contexts; and a new analysis of the reference of incomplete descriptions.

Touchstone Level 2A Student's Book A with Audio CD/CD-ROM

Touchstone Level 2A Student's Book A with Audio CD/CD-ROM PDF Author: Michael J. McCarthy
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521601351
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 84

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Book Description
Easy and enjoyable to teach, Touchstone offers a fresh approach to the teaching and learning of English. Touchstone Student's Book2 is the second level of the innovative Touchstone series. Drawing on research into the Cambridge International Corpus, a large database of language that includes everyday conversations and texts from newspapers and books, Student's Book 2 presents the vocabulary, grammar, and functions students encounter most often in real life. It makes learning fun by maximizing the time students spend on interactive, personalized activities on high-interest topics. A free Self-Study Audio CD/CD-ROM at the back of the book gives students further practice in listening, speaking, and vocabulary.

Studies in Metaphysics

Studies in Metaphysics PDF Author: Peter A. French
Publisher: U of Minnesota Press
ISBN: 0816608881
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 454

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Book Description
Studies in Metaphysics was first published in 1979. Minnesota Archive Editions uses digital technology to make long-unavailable books once again accessible, and are published unaltered from the original University of Minnesota Press editions.

Form, Matter, Substance

Form, Matter, Substance PDF Author: Kathrin Koslicki
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192557084
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 288

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Book Description
In Form, Matter, Substance, Kathrin Koslicki develops a contemporary defense of the Aristotelian doctrine of hylomorphism. According to this approach, objects are compounds of matter (hule) and form (morphe or eidos) and a living organism is not exhausted by the body, cells, organs, tissue and the like that compose it. Koslicki argues that a hylomorphic analysis of concrete particular objects is well equipped to compete with alternative approaches when measured against a wide range of criteria of success. However, a plausible application of the doctrine of hylomorphism to the special case of concrete particular objects hinges on how hylomorphists conceive of the matter composing a concrete particular object, its form, and the hylomorphic relations which hold between a matter-form compound, its matter and its form. Koslicki offers detailed answers these questions surrounding a hylomorphic approach to the metaphysics of concrete particular objects. As a result, matter-form compounds emerge as occupying the privileged ontological status traditionally associated with substances due to their high degree of unity.

The Roswell Report

The Roswell Report PDF Author: James McAndrew
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
Languages : en
Pages : 252

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Book Description
In July 1994, at the request of the Government Accounting Office, the U.S. Air Force completed a thousand-page report to explain the events that transpired in and near Roswell in the summer of 1947. The Roswell Report: Case Closed is the follow up to that report and contains additional materials and analysis intended to reach a complete, open, and final explanation of the events that occurred in the Southwest many years ago. While this explanation may not be as titillating as tales of unearthly craft and creatures, it is a fascinating story nonetheless.

An Illustrated Brief History of Western Philosophy, 20th Anniversary Edition

An Illustrated Brief History of Western Philosophy, 20th Anniversary Edition PDF Author: Anthony Kenny
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119531179
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 472

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Book Description
In 1998, the first edition of Anthony Kenny's comprehensive history of Western philosophy was published, to be met with immediate praise and critical acclaim. As the first book since Bertrand Russell's 1945 A History of Western Philosophy to offer a concise single-author review of the complete history of philosophy from the pre-Socratics to the modern masters of the 20th century, Kenny's work fills a critical gap in the modern philosophy reading list and offers valuable guidance for the general reader of philosophy—an ideal starting point for anyone with an interest in great thinkers and the family lines of philosophical evolution. Widely considered to be one of the most thorough and accessible historical reviews in philosophy, An Illustrated Brief History of Western Philosophy has earned an estimable and distinctive reputation, both for the compelling writing style of Anthony Kenny, one of the most respected and accomplished living philosophers, and for the rich collection of paintings, illustrations, maps, and photos included with every chapter to complement this review of 2,500 years of philosophical thought. Newly revised and expanded for a special 20th anniversary publication, the latest edition of An Illustrated Brief History of Western Philosophy contains all of Kenny's original writings on the history of Western philosophy from ancient to modern, along with new writings on the philosophy of the mid-20th century, covering important contributions from continental philosophers and philosophers of the post-Wittgenstein anglophone tradition, including the work of many women who have too often been neglected by the historical record.