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Author: A.-V. Bojar
Publisher: Geological Society of London
ISBN: 1862393648
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 223
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Book Description
Isotopic studies combined with geochemical, lithological, mineralogical and palaeontological investigations have been widely used in reconstructing Cretaceous marine and continental environments. Furthermore stable and radiogenic isotope trends play an important role in the interpretation of the causes and consequences of biotic turnovers at stratigraphic boundaries as well as in global correlations.
Author: A.-V. Bojar
Publisher: Geological Society of London
ISBN: 1862393648
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 223
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Book Description
Isotopic studies combined with geochemical, lithological, mineralogical and palaeontological investigations have been widely used in reconstructing Cretaceous marine and continental environments. Furthermore stable and radiogenic isotope trends play an important role in the interpretation of the causes and consequences of biotic turnovers at stratigraphic boundaries as well as in global correlations.
Author: Alcides N. Sial
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119382483
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 318
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Book Description
Winner of the 2020 PROSE Award for Earth Science! Exploring environmental changes through Earth’s geological history using chemostratigraphy Chemostratigraphy is the study of the chemical characteristics of different rock layers. Decoding this geochemical record across chronostratigraphic boundaries can provide insights into geological history, past climates, and sedimentary processes. Chemostratigraphy Across Major Chronological Boundaries presents state-of-the-art applications of chemostratigraphic methods and demonstrates how chemical signatures can decipher past environmental conditions. Volume highlights include: Presents a global perspective on chronostratigraphic boundaries Describes how different proxies can reveal distinct elemental and isotopic events in the geologic past Examines the Archaean-Paleoproterozoic, Proterozoic-Paleozoic, Paleozoic-Mesozoic, and Mesozoic-Paleogene boundaries Explores cause-and-effect through major, trace, PGE, and REE elemental, stable, and radiogenic isotopes Offers solutions to persistent chemostratigraphic problems on a micro-global scale Geared toward academic and researchgeoscientists, particularly in the fields of sedimentary petrology, stratigraphy, isotope geology, geochemistry, petroleum geology, atmospheric science, oceanography, climate change and environmental science, Chemostratigraphy Across Major Chronological Boundaries offers invaluable insights into environmental evolution and climatic change. Read the Editors' Vox: https://eos.org/editors-vox/unravelling-the-past-using-elements-and-isotopes
Author: Alcides N. Sial
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119382556
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
Exploring environmental changes through Earth’s geological history using chemostratigraphy Chemostratigraphy is the study of the chemical characteristics of different rock layers. Decoding this geochemical record across chronostratigraphic boundaries can provide insights into geological history, past climates, and sedimentary processes. Chemostratigraphy Across Major Chronological Boundaries presents state-of-the-art applications of chemostratigraphic methods and demonstrates how chemical signatures can decipher past environmental conditions. Volume highlights include: Presents a global perspective on chronostratigraphic boundaries Describes how different proxies can reveal distinct elemental and isotopic events in the geologic past Examines the Archaean-Paleoproterozoic, Proterozoic-Paleozoic, Paleozoic-Mesozoic, and Mesozoic-Paleogene boundaries Explores cause-and-effect through major, trace, PGE, and REE elemental, stable, and radiogenic isotopes Offers solutions to persistent chemostratigraphic problems on a micro-global scale Geared toward academic and researchgeoscientists, particularly in the fields of sedimentary petrology, stratigraphy, isotope geology, geochemistry, petroleum geology, atmospheric science, oceanography, climate change and environmental science, Chemostratigraphy Across Major Chronological Boundaries offers invaluable insights into environmental evolution and climatic change.
Author: Anthony R. Fiorillo
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351669338
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 241
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Book Description
Anthony Fiorillo has been exploring the Arctic since 1998. For him, like many others, the Arctic holds the romance of uncharted territory, extreme conditions, and the inevitable epic challenges that arise. For Fiorillo, however, the Arctic also holds the secrets of the history of life on Earth, and its fossils bring him back field season after field season in pursuit of improving human understanding of ancient history. His studies of the rocks and fossils of the Arctic shed light on a world that once was, and provide insight into what might be.
Author: Mu Ramkumar
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0124199828
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 539
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Book Description
Chemostratigraphy: Concepts, Techniques, and Applications is the first collection of contributed articles that introduces young geoscientists to the discipline while providing seasoned practitioners with a standard reference that showcases the topic’s most recent research and application developments. This multi-contributed reference on one of the youngest and most dynamic branches of the geosciences includes articles from some of the world’s leading researchers. This book is a one-stop source of chemostratigraphy theory and application, helping geoscientists navigate through the wealth of new research that has emerged in recent years. Edited by one of the world’s foremost chemostratigraphy experts Features contributed articles from a broad base of topics including stratigraphic correlation, hydrocarbon exploration, reservoir characterization, and paleo-climatic interpretation Includes a range of application-based case studies addressing spatio-temporal scales for practical, field-specific concepts
Author: A-V. Bojar
Publisher: Geological Society of London
ISBN: 1786204975
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 347
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Book Description
This volume is devoted to Earth surface environmental reconstructions and environmental changes that may be deciphered and modelled using stable isotopes along with mineralogical/chemical, sedimentological, palaeontological/biological and climatological methodologies. The book is divided into two sections, both using stable isotopes (see www.geolsoc.org.uk/SP507) in various samples and phases as the main research tool. The first section is devoted to studies focusing on the distribution of isotopes in precipitation, groundwater, lakes, rivers, springs, tap water, mine water and their relationship with terrestrial environments at regional to continental scale. In relation to this, the second section includes case studies from a range of continental settings, investigating cave deposits (stalagmites, bat guano), animal skeletons (dinosaurs, alligators, turtles, bivalves), present and past soils (palaeosols) and limestones. The sections focus on the interaction between the surficial water cycle and underground water storage with deposits acting as archives of short- to long-term climatic and environmental changes. Examples from the Early Cretaceous to present time come from Europe, Asia, Africa, North and South America.
Author: Xiumian Hu
Publisher: SEPM Soc for Sed Geology
ISBN: 1565761359
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 266
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Book Description
Author: Thomas S. Tobin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Carbon
Languages : en
Pages : 151
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Book Description
This primary goal of this dissertation is to increase understanding of the end Cretaceous (or Cretaceous - Paleogene or K-Pg) mass extinction through the use of light stable isotope geochemistry. These studies attempt to examine any climatic and environmental changes that occurred around the K-Pg boundary, and might have contributed to the K-Pg mass extinction, specifically by examining isotopic records at high stratigraphic resolution around the boundary. Studies are completed in two field areas, the Antarctic Peninsula and eastern Montana, USA, both of which preserve the K-Pg boundary. While these works, like most scientific studies, lead to further questions that warrant investigation and confirmation, they generally support the idea the end Cretaceous mass extinction was more complicated than a simple asteroid strike. This dissertation is comprised of five scientific chapters as well as short introductory and concluding sections. The introduction explains the background and context behind each study, and the process by which I ultimately worked with a wide variety of co-authors to complete the various projects. The conclusion begins the process of examining the differences and similarities of each study, and explores further avenues of research to test some of the proposed hypotheses or reconcile potentially contradictory data. Four of the chapters are written as scientific manuscripts, while a fifth chapter details the work done as part of my astrobiology rotation. Chapter 1 (Tobin et al., 2011) outlines the discovery of analytical errors in the typical process of measuring carbonate stable isotopes (delta 13C and delta 18O) on small sample sizes of powder. Carbonate material is typically prepared using one of two methods, either by drilling using a high speed drill or micromill, or by crushing a sample using a mortar and pestle. Drilling produces a finer grain size of material, which is consequently more prone to being altered in its delta 18O value during a typical automated measurement process, while the sample is waiting in the queue to be analyzed. This chapter outlines the specific parameters under which this phenomenon occurs, and describes a correction procedure, though we encourage every lab to develop their own correction scheme. Chapter 2 (Tobin and Ward, submitted) is the second of two papers (in order of analysis and publication, but first presented here) that analyze and interpret delta 13C and delta 18O values from molluscan shell carbonate collected on the Antarctic Peninsula, though a small amount of fossil shell material was also used in Chapter 1. In this study, we examine trends in delta 13C for ammonites and other benthic mollusks using our own collections with added samples coming from collections currently housed at the Paleontological Research Institute (PRI). In both collections we find a notable offset in delta 13 C between ammonites and benthic mollusks, though good correspondence in delta 18O. Ultimately, the best interpretation of this pattern is that ammonites are incorporating more respired CO2 into their shell material, potentially from a higher metabolic rate. A more active lifestyle could potentially have increased the susceptibility of ammonites to an event like bolide impact at the end of the Cretaceous. Chapter 3 (Tobin et al., 2012) also looks at isotopic records, in this case focusing on delta 18O values, for fossil mollusks from Antarctica. Paleotemperature can generally be inferred from delta 18O values if the delta 18O of the water from which it came can be estimated reliably, as is generally thought to be the case for seawater during the Cretaceous. We generate a time series of delta 18O across the K-Pg boundary. We also generated a magnetostratigraphic record for the section, as well as paleobiological data in the same stratigraphic context. Statistical analysis revealed two extinction events, one at the peak of warming from the paleotemperature record (50 meters below the K-Pg boundary), the other simultaneous with the iridium anomaly indicating the asteroid strike. The warming events are also correlated (using magnetostratigraphy) with the timing of Deccan Traps volcanism, which could potentially generate warming via CO2 emission. The evidence is most consistent multiple causes contributing to the end Cretaceous mass extinction over a short geological interval. The plausibility of the Deccan - warming link is explored in Chapter 5, though it is ultimately inconclusive due to the uncertainty in total volumes of CO2 emitted during this event. Chapter 4 (Tobin et al., 2014) performs a similar analysis to that in Chapter 3, but on freshwater mollusks from eastern Montana. Because the paleo-depositional setting was fluvial/lacustrine, traditional delta 18O paleotemperature reconstruction is not a useful tool. Carbonate clumped isotope paleothermometry, while more challenging analytically, avoids this problem, and was used to generate a temperature record across the K-Pg boundary. A cooling trend in summer temperatures was identified in the last ~30 meters of the Cretaceous (though bivalve nutrient stress could plausibly explain the pattern as well). This pattern occurs over the same stratigraphic interval that vertebrate paleontologists have identified biodiversity changes, and could plausibly be related. As with Chapter 3, this study is most consistent with a multiple cause mass extinction.
Author: Gabriela Catalina Cusminsky
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 303002119X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 216
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Book Description
This book offers many examples of calcareous microfossils and describes a new microfaunistic record in Argentina. These selected papers of the 11th Argentine Paleontological Congress include micropaleontological studies on material of different geological ages from several sites in Argentina and Colombia. The authors highlight several geological findings and explain the paleoenvironmental changes in Argentina and Colombia.
Author: Michael Montenari
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128175532
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
Case Studies in Isotope Stratigraphy, Volume Four in the Advances in Sequence Stratigraphy series, covers current research across many stratigraphic disciplines, providing information on the most recent developments for the geoscientific research community. This fully commissioned review publication aims to foster and convey progress in stratigraphy, including geochronology, magnetostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, event-stratigraphy, isotope stratigraphy, astrochronology, climatostratigraphy, seismic stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, ice core chronology, cyclostratigraphy, paleoceanography, sequence stratigraphy, and more. Contains contributions from leading authorities in the field Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field Aims to foster and convey progress in stratigraphy, including geochronology, magnetostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, event-stratigraphy, and more
