The Cerebral Circulation PDF Download
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Author: Marilyn J. Cipolla
Publisher: Biota Publishing
ISBN: 1615047239
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 82
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Book Description
This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.
Author: Marilyn J. Cipolla
Publisher: Biota Publishing
ISBN: 1615047239
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 82
Get Book Here
Book Description
This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.
Author: R. Gilberto González
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642127517
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 299
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Book Description
This updated second edition of Acute Ischemic Stroke: Imaging and Intervention provides a comprehensive account of the state of the art in the diagnosis and treatment of acute ischemic stroke. The basic format of the first edition has been retained, with sections on fundamentals such as pathophysiology and causes, imaging techniques and interventions. However, each chapter has been revised to reflect the important recent progress in advanced neuroimaging and the use of interventional tools. In addition, a new chapter is included on the classification instruments for ischemic stroke and their use in predicting outcomes and therapeutic triage. All of the authors are internationally recognized experts and members of the interdisciplinary stroke team at the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School. The text is supported by numerous informative illustrations, and ease of reference is ensured through the inclusion of suitable tables. This book will serve as a unique source of up-to-date information for neurologists, emergency physicians, radiologists and other health care providers who care for the patient with acute ischemic stroke.
Author: Eugene I. Gusev
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780306476945
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 414
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Book Description
Highlighting concepts of brain ischemia, this book looks at the molecular mechanisms of its development leading to brain tissue changes and describes strategies of neuroprotective therapy. Coverage includes cellular reactions in response to acute focal brain ischemia, microglial activation and local inflammation in focal brain ischemia, programmed cell death, primary and secondary neuroprotection, gangliosides, and modern therapeutic approaches to acute focal brain ischemia. The authors are neurologists affiliated with the Russian State Medical University. Annotation (c)2003 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).
Author: Sarah T. Pendlebury
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521735122
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 407
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Book Description
Accessible handbook covering the investigation, diagnosis and management of transient ischemic attacks and minor strokes.
Author: László Csiba
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107659159
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 333
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Book Description
Neurosonology is non-invasive, portable, and has excellent temporal resolution, making it a valuable and increasingly popular tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of neurological conditions when compared to other imaging techniques. This guide looks beyond the use of neurovascular ultrasound in stroke to encompass a wide range of other neurological diseases and emergencies. It offers a practical approach to the examination of patients, interpretation of ultrasound studies, and the application of neurosonology to the development of management and treatment strategies. Each chapter incorporates a thorough and clear procedural methodology alongside scanning tips for trainees; this step-by-step approach is further enhanced by example images and focused diagnostic questions. Authored and edited by international experts, this practical manual of neurosonology is an invaluable resource for neurologists, neurosurgeons, intensivists, radiologists, and ultrasonographers.
Author: Arun Gupta
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1316602524
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 427
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Book Description
This second edition presents core clinical neuroanesthesia and neurointensive care knowledge in a practical, user-friendly format.
Author: Michael Brainin
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107047498
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 425
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Book Description
Fully revised throughout, the new edition of this concise textbook is aimed at doctors preparing to specialize in stroke care.
Author: Leonardo Pantoni
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107031664
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 375
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Book Description
Up-to-date discussion of the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this common cause of stroke and cognitive impairment.
Author: Brett E. Skolnick
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128041013
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 408
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Book Description
Handbook of Neuroemergency Clinical Trials, Second Edition, focuses on the practice of clinical trials in acute neuroscience populations, or what have been called neuroemergencies. Neuroemergencies are complex, life-threatening diseases and disorders, often with devastating consequences, including death or disability. The overall costs are staggering in terms of annual incidence and costs associated with treatment and survival, yet despite their significance as public health issues, there are few drugs and devices available for definitive treatment. The book focuses on novel therapies and the unique challenges their intended targets pose for the design and analysis of clinical trials. This volume provides neurologists, neuroscientists, and drug developers with a more complete understanding of the scientific and medical issues of relevance in designing and initiating clinical development plans for novel drugs intended for acute neuroscience populations. The editors provide the best understanding of the pitfalls associated with acute CNS drug development and the best information on how to approach and solve issues that have plagued drug development. - Presents a comprehensive overview on clinical trials and drug development challenges in acute neuroscience populations - Provides neurologists, neuroscientists and drug developers with a complete understanding of scientific and medical issues related to designing clinical trials - Edited by leaders in the field who have designed and managed over 50 neuroemergency clinical trials
Author: Louis R. Caplan
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080539513
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 855
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Book Description
Primer on Cerebrovascular Diseases is a handy reference source for scientists, students, and physicians needing reliable, up-to-date information on basic mechanisms, physiology, pathophysiology, and medical issues related to brain vasculature. The book consists of short, specific chapters written by international experts on cerebral vasculature, and presents the information in a comprehensive and easily accessible manner. The book also contains valuable information on practical applications of basic research. - Presents topics in a comprehensive and accessible format - Written by international authorities on cerebral vasculature - Provides practical applications for researchers
