Author: Asian Development Bank
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
ISBN: 9292577824
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 88

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Book Description
One irrigation subsector goal of the Asian Development Bank is to produce more food with less water. Estimates suggest that food production in the developing world must double by. By that year, urban and industrial water demand will have increased from 20% of total regional demand to 40% (about 80% of that water demand is for irrigation). This publication helps define core support areas in the irrigation subsector and set the course for country partnership strategy investments in irrigation for lending and nonlending assistance. See how this guidance note can assist and strengthen the preparation of projects that increase food productivity and security, use water within the resource availability limits, and produce long-term benefits.

Author: Asian Development Bank
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
ISBN: 9290921145
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 114

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Book Description
The road transport subsector tends to be vulnerable to risks. This is due to large budgets that often comprise a sizable percentage of a country's national budget (20%-30%), an unclear strategic vision, nontransparent policy decisions that lead to inappropriate priorities, procurement contracts for goods and services that lend themselves to corruption, and political interference. Additional factors include weak business processes and control systems, weak capacity of subsector agencies, and fragile links across agencies and stakeholders. This guidance note aims to explain key features of the road transport subsector and identify entry points for mapping governance risks.

Author: Ashley Scott Kelly
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 981164067X
Category : Human geography
Languages : en
Pages : 256

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Book Description
This open access book traces the development of landscapes along the 414-kilometer China-Laos Railway, one of the first infrastructure projects implemented under China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and which is due for completion at the end of 2021. Written from the perspective of landscape architecture and intended for planners and related professionals engaged in the development and conservation of these landscapes, this book provides history, planning pedagogy and interdisciplinary framing for working alongside the often-opaque planning, design and implementation processes of large-scale infrastructure. It complicates simplistic notions of development and urbanization frequently reproduced in the Laos-China frontier region. Many of the projects and sites investigated in this book are recent "firsts" in Laos: Laos's first wildlife sanctuary for trafficked endangered species, its first botanical garden and its first planting plan for a community forest. Most often the agents and accomplices of neoliberal development, the planning and design professions, including landscape architecture, have little dialogue with either the mainstream natural sciences or critical social sciences that form the discourse of projects in Laos and comparable contexts. Covering diverse conceptions and issues of development, including cultural and scientific knowledge exchanges between Laos and China, nature tourism, connectivity and new town planning, this book also features nine planning proposals for Laos generated through this research initiative since the railway's groundbreaking in 2016. Each proposal promotes a wider "landscape approach" to development and deploys landscape architecture's spatial and ecological acumen to synthesize critical development studies with the planner's capacity, if not naive predilection, to intervene on the ground. Ultimately, this book advocates the cautious engagement of the professionally oriented built-environment disciplines, such as regional planning, civil engineering and landscape architecture, with the landscapes of development institutions and environmental NGOs.

Author: Asian Development Bank
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
ISBN: 9292541668
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 22

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Book Description
Political economy analysis facilitates understanding on how incentives, institutions, and ideas shape political action and development outcomes in ADB’s developing member countries (DMCs). These factors can inform assessments of feasibility of policy reform and institutional change, the contribution that ADB and other development partners can realistically make, and the risks involved. A political economy analysis can, therefore, strengthen the design of more effective support, leading to better development results. While important for all DMCs, political economy considerations especially matter in DMCs with fragile and conflict-affected situations. This guidance note develops a definition and parameters for political economy analysis to ensure consistency; and to guide country, sector, and project teams in analysis. It provides ADB staff with guidance on how political economy analysis can be used to inform the design and implementation of ADB operations for more feasible and sustainable development outcomes.

Author: Benin, Samuel
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN:
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 10

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Book Description
This note first discusses the differences between the general government sector and the public corporations sector, and then presents the rationale for when to add and separate expenditures in the two sectors in the accounting of government expenditures. It then presents revised estimates for Ghana on the share of GAE in GTE from 2001 to 2015, which exclude expenditures of Cocobod and expenditures on nonagricultural functions from GAE, in accordance with the official AU guidance note.2 The formula for this is given by GAE*100/GTE. It proposes another formula for obtaining parallel estimates if the Cocobod expenditures are included in the calcu-lations, as attempted in the agPER studies. This revised formula adds the expenditures of all of Ghana’s public boards and corporations (PBCs) to GTE in the denominator to make it comparable to adding expenditures of Cocobod to GAE in the numerator. The new formula therefore would be (GAE+PBCAE) *100/(GTE+PBCTE), where PBCAE denotes PBCs’ agriculture expenditure and PBCTE denotes PBCs’ total expenditure. The data used are from the two agPERs (MOFA 2013; 2017) and annual reports on the accounts and statements of the government (CAGD 2018), public boards, corporations, and other statutory institutions (AG 2018), and the Co-cobod (Ghana Cocoa Board 2018).

Author: Jay-Hyung Kim
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464815291
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 279

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Book Description
The Public Investment Management (PIM) Reference Guide aims to convey country experiences and good international practices as a basis for decisions on how to address a country-specific PIM reform agenda. The country references are drawn largely from previous diagnostics and technical assistance reports of the World Bank. The application of country diagnostics and assessments has revealed a need to address the following issues when undertaking a country reform in PIM: • Clarification of the definition and scope of public investment and public investment management • Establishment of a sound legal, regulatory, and institutional setting for PIM, making sure it is linked to the budget process • Allocation of roles and responsibilities for key players in PIM across government • Strengthening of guidance on project preappraisal, appraisal, and selection-prioritization procedures and deepening of project appraisal methodologies • Integration of strategic planning, project appraisal-selection, and capital budgeting • Management of multiyear capital budget allocations and commitments • Efforts to address effective implementation, procurement, and monitoring of projects • Strengthening of asset management and ex post evaluation • Integration of PIM and public-private partnership (PPP) in a unified framework • Rationalization and prioritization of the existing PIM project portfolio • Development of a PIM database and information technology in the form of a PIM information system. The PIM Reference Guide does not seek to provide definitive answers or standard guidance for the common PIM issues facing countries. Nor does it seek to provide a detailed template for replication across countries: this would be impossible given the diversity of country situations. Instead, each chapter begins with an overview of the specific reform issue, lists approaches and experiences from different countries, and summarizes the references and good practices to be considered in designing country-specific reform actions.

Author: William I. Jones
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9780821332498
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 174

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Book Description
Annotation This book provides an independent and comprehensive review of World Bank irrigation lending and policy between 1948 and 1993. The Bank's role in irrigation lending has been large--more than $30 billion (in current U.S. dollars) spread over some 600 projects. Only 200 projects have been in place long enough to be assessed. The overall performance record is good, but there is room for improvement.The report finds that there are still pervasive problems in maintenance and operation. Operating chaos prevails in most large canal systems in the humid tropics. In drier areas, drainage is the biggest environmental problem associated with irrigation. The author argues for upgrading existing systems, improving service, involving irrigators, and saving water where it is scarce.

Author: Bonnie A. Osif
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439850038
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 600

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Book Description
With the encroachment of the Internet into nearly all aspects of work and life, it seems as though information is everywhere. However, there is information and then there is correct, appropriate, and timely information. While we might love being able to turn to Wikipedia® for encyclopedia-like information or search Google® for the thousands of links on a topic, engineers need the best information, information that is evaluated, up-to-date, and complete. Accurate, vetted information is necessary when building new skyscrapers or developing new prosthetics for returning military veterans While the award-winning first edition of Using the Engineering Literature used a roadmap analogy, we now need a three-dimensional analysis reflecting the complex and dynamic nature of research in the information age. Using the Engineering Literature, Second Edition provides a guide to the wide range of resources available in all fields of engineering. This second edition has been thoroughly revised and features new sections on nanotechnology as well as green engineering. The information age has greatly impacted the way engineers find information. Engineers have an effect, directly and indirectly, on almost all aspects of our lives, and it is vital that they find the right information at the right time to create better products and processes. Comprehensive and up to date, with expert chapter authors, this book fills a gap in the literature, providing critical information in a user-friendly format.

Author: Diego J. Rodriguez, Matthijs Schuring, Nansia Constantinou, Amanda Goksu
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 52

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Book Description
The Water Partnership Program (WPP) report, Sharing Smart Solutions in Water summarizes the achievements and impact of WPP’s Phase I (2009 – 2012). The report showcases the Program’s results across six regions, as well as its global impact on knowledge and innovation. It also demonstrates how the WPP has strengthened the quality of World Bank projects and shaped policy dialogue in areas calling for immediate action, such as climate change, energy and food security, and urban water management. The WPP continues to be a critical tool for supporting World Bank efforts to reduce poverty, thanks to the continuous support of the governments of the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Denmark. Acknowledging the impact of the WPP, the donors have committed to a larger and bolder Phase II for the next four years.

Author: Asian Development Bank
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
ISBN: 9290921633
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 57

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Book Description
The education sector is vulnerable to a broad range of risks that can threaten development effectiveness. Risks can spring from several factors: substantial share of education in total government expenditure, opportunities for discretionary decision making, political interference and patronage networks, weak sector institutions, and nontransparent and inefficient systems. Vulnerabilities may exist at any stage and among any group of actors from policy makers to education providers and to education beneficiaries. Weak accountability increases the likelihood of misaligned priorities, resource leakages, and poor service delivery. This guidance note aims to explain key features of the education sector and identify entry points for mapping governance risks.