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Author: B. Rowe Byers
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3319003038
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 96
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Book Description
Iron Acquisition by the Genus Mycobacterium summarizes the early evidence for the necessity of iron in mycobacteria and the discovery of the mycobacterial siderophores mycobactin, carboxymycobactin, and exochelin. The structural characterization of the mycobacterial siderophores is described. The genes so far identified as essential for iron acquisition and maintenance of an infection by pathogenic mycobacteria are discussed. The potential role of siderocalin in iron gathering by M. tuberculosis is featured. Because new drugs for M. tuberculosis are needed, this brief also emphasizes the design of antibiotics that interfere with siderophore biosynthesis and the use of siderophore analogs and/or conjugates.
Author: B. Rowe Byers
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3319003038
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 96
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Book Description
Iron Acquisition by the Genus Mycobacterium summarizes the early evidence for the necessity of iron in mycobacteria and the discovery of the mycobacterial siderophores mycobactin, carboxymycobactin, and exochelin. The structural characterization of the mycobacterial siderophores is described. The genes so far identified as essential for iron acquisition and maintenance of an infection by pathogenic mycobacteria are discussed. The potential role of siderocalin in iron gathering by M. tuberculosis is featured. Because new drugs for M. tuberculosis are needed, this brief also emphasizes the design of antibiotics that interfere with siderophore biosynthesis and the use of siderophore analogs and/or conjugates.
Author: Christopher M. Jones (Ph.D.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Book Description
Iron is an essential nutrient for the vast majority of organisms; yet, the availability of iron is limited to microorganisms due to the insolubility of ferric hydroxides and to pathogens by iron withholding strategies of their hosts. Many bacteria produce small, high-affinity iron chelators called siderophores to scavenge iron from the environment. In addition, many bacterial pathogens have evolved mechanisms to steal host iron contained in heme, hemoglobin, or transferrin. Mycobacteria are unique genera of bacteria represented by the notorious pathogens Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agents of tuberculosis (TB) and leprosy, respectively. Tuberculosis remains a global health concern. 2010 witnessed nearly 2 million deaths from TB and a 47% increase in the number of multi-drug resistant TB cases. M. tuberculosis produces the siderophores mycobactin and carboxymycobactin. Even though mycobactin was one of the first siderophores characterized, little is known about siderophore transport in this organism. In this work, I illuminate the iron acquisition systems of M. tuberculosis, demonstrating for the first time that M. tuberculosis can utilize heme as an iron source independently of siderophores but not transferrin-bound iron nor iron salts. This is in contrast to the soil-dwelling M. smegmatis, which employs general porins in the mycobacterial outer membrane for the uptake of iron salts. This finding is the first demonstration of the long held assumption that general porins can mediate the uptake of iron salts. I also demonstrate that mycobactin and carboxymycobactin are recycled in M. tuberculosis by a process dependent on the M. tuberculosis siderophore secretion systems involving the membrane proteins MmpS4/MmpL4 and MmpS5/MmpL5. The addition of purified mycobactin or carboxymycobactin to a mutant deficient in siderophore secretion results in the intracellular accumulation of deferrated siderophores causing severe growth attenuation. This siderophore-dependent growth inhibition of the secretion mutant still occurs despite the presence of heme and could be reduced by eliminating de novo siderophore biosynthesis. Taken together, these results suggest that the buildup of intracellular siderophores due to lack of secretion and/or recycling decreases the fitness of M. tuberculosis by both iron-acquisition dependent and independent mechanisms. The same cannot be said about the fitness of an M. tuberculosis mutant deficient in siderophore biosynthesis. Thus, pharmacological intervention into the siderophore secretion and recycling systems of M. tuberculosis might make better drug targets than siderophore biosynthesis enzymes.
Author: Diane Kristin Wong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Iron proteins
Languages : en
Pages : 450
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Book Description
Author: Mary Sloan Siegrist
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
Expression of esx -3 varies with the mycobactin biosynthesis genes under a variety of stress conditions. Mycobacteria that are unable to synthesize or utilize mycobactins are impaired for response to several of these conditions, including oxidative stress, biofilm formation and cell wall perturbation. These mutants have additional alterations in sliding motility and redox homeostasis. The phenotypes are largely independent of iron availability and support a model in which mycobactin and Esx-3 contribute to normal mycobacterial growth under iron-replete conditions. Why is Esx-3 essential in M. tuberculosis but not the model organism M. smegmatis? M. smegmatis may use alternate iron transporters not present in M. tuberculosis to acquire this vital nutrient. Alternatively, mycobactins themselves may be essential in M. tuberculosis . It may be that the mycobactin pathway, including Esx-3-dependent utilization, functions similarly across mycobacterial species, but that the absolute requirement for that function varies according to lifestyle and niche.
Author: Barry R. Bloom
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 664
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Book Description
The authors discuss fundamental questions about the biology, genetics, mechanisms of pathogenicity, mechanisms of resistance, and drug development strategies that are likely to provide important new knowledge about TB and new interventions to prevent and treat this disease.
Author: Robert R. Crichton
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080556221
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 383
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Book Description
The importance of metals in biology, the environment and medicine has become increasingly evident over the last twenty five years. The study of the multiple roles of metal ions in biological systems, the rapidly expanding interface between inorganic chemistry and biology constitutes the subject called Biological Inorganic Chemistry. The present text, written by a biochemist, with a long career experience in the field (particularly iron and copper) presents an introduction to this exciting and dynamic field. The book begins with introductory chapters, which together constitute an overview of the concepts, both chemical and biological, which are required to equip the reader for the detailed analysis which follows. Pathways of metal assimilation, storage and transport, as well as metal homeostasis are dealt with next. Thereafter, individual chapters discuss the roles of sodium and potassium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, iron, copper, nickel and cobalt, manganese, and finally molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten and chromium. The final three chapters provide a tantalising view of the roles of metals in brain function, biomineralization and a brief illustration of their importance in both medicine and the environment.Relaxed and agreeable writing style. The reader will not only fiind the book easy to read, the fascinating anecdotes and footnotes will give him pegs to hang important ideas on.Written by a biochemist. Will enable the reader to more readily grasp the biological and clinical relevance of the subject.Many colour illustrations. Enables easier visualization of molecular mechanismsWritten by a single author. Ensures homgeneity of style and effective cross referencing between chapters
Author: Jorge H. Crosa
Publisher: Amer Society for Microbiology
ISBN: 9781555812928
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 499
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Book Description
provides an up–to–date survey of iron transport systems in bacteria; details iron transport and its regulation in E.colias a prototype for iron transport systems in gram–negative bacteria; includes chapters on the major gram–negative, gram–positive and acid–fast bacterial pathogens – their iron transport systems and the roles of these systems in virulence; presents structural studies of siderophores, heme carriers, and iron transport proteins; discusses the ecology of siderophores and potential therapeutic uses of siderophores.
Author: Tulio de Lima Campos
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832554857
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 191
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Book Description
We are delighted to announce a thematic issue focused on the molecular epidemiology of pathogens and vectors of disease. In the last decades, genomics has revolutionized many areas of science, technology, and health by enlightening our understanding of the intricate molecular biology of pathogens and vectors. Despite these advances viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic pathogens still cause huge economic and health losses around the world. Moreover, there is compelling evidence of an expansion of their impact linked to global warming, anthropogenic activities and/or limitations in control strategies. Vectored pathogens are also highly relevant, causing diseases with severe morbidity and mortality such as malaria, dengue fever and schistosomiasis. The expanding geographical reach of vectors due to adaptation and/or climate change is leading to outbreaks in previously unaffected areas. Substantial challenges remain to track and trace pathogens and vectors through molecular signatures in order to understand their impact to human and animal health in different environments.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080860567
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 643
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Book Description
Established almost 30 years ago, Methods in Microbiology is the most prestigious series devoted to techniques and methodology in the field. Now totally revamped, revitalized, with a new format and expanded scope, Methods in Microbiology will continue to provide you with tried and tested, cutting-edge protocols to directly benefit your research. - Focuses on the methods most useful for the microbiologist interested in the way in which bacteria cause disease - Includes section devoted to 'Approaches to characterising pathogenic mechanisms' by Stanley Falkow - Covers safety aspects, detection, identification and speciation - Includes techniques for the study of host interactions and reactions in animals and plants - Describes biochemical and molecular genetic approaches - Essential methods for gene expression and analysis - Covers strategies and problems for disease control
Author: Kalyani Dhusia
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030530779
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 220
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Book Description
In the past few decades, it has been realized through research that fungal siderophores epitomize the uptake of iron as well as other essential elements like zinc, magnesium, copper, nickel and arsenic. Understanding the chemical structures of different fungal siderophores and the membrane receptors involved in uptake of mineral ions has opened new areas for research. In this edited volume, recent research is presented on fungal siderophores in one comprehensive volume to provide researchers a strong base for future research. Siderophores are the low molecular weight, high affinity iron-chelating compounds produced by bacteria and fungi. They are responsible for transporting iron across the cell membrane. Fungi produce a range of hydroxamate siderophores involved in the uptake of essential elements in almost all microorganisms and plants. In recent years, siderophores have been used in molecular imaging applications to visualize and understand cellular functions, which thus provide an opportunity to identify new drug targets. Therefore, knowledge of fungal siderophores has become vital in current research. Siderophores have received much attention in recent years because of their potential roles and applications in various research areas. Their significance in these applications is because siderophores have the ability to bind a variety of metals in addition to iron, and they have a wide range of chemical structures and specific properties. For instance, siderophores function as biocontrols, biosensors, and bioremediation and chelation agents, in addition to their important role in weathering soil minerals and enhancing plant growth. This book focuses on siderophores with the following significant points. It discusses leading, state-of-the-art research in all possible areas on fungal siderophores. The contributors are well-known and recognized authorities in the field of fungal siderophores. It discusses a projection of practical applications of fungal siderophores in various domains. This is the first book exclusively on fungal siderophores. In this comprehensive, edited volume, we show leading research on fungal siderophores and provide the most recent knowledge of researchers' work on siderophores. This book presents in-depth knowledge on siderophores to researchers working in areas of health sciences, microbiology, plant sciences, biotechnology, and bioinformatics.
