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Author:
Publisher: ILO/IPEC
ISBN: 0922115419
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 147
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher: ILO/IPEC
ISBN: 0922115419
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 147
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Alessandro Cigno
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0191532606
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
Children throughout the world are engaged in a great number of activities classifiable as work. These range from relatively harmless, even laudable, activities like helping parents in their domestic chores, to morally and physically dangerous ones like soldiering and prostitution. If we leave out the former, we are left with what are generally called "economic" activities. Only a small minority, less than 4 percent of all working children, are estimated to be engaged in what ILO defines as the "unconditional" worst forms of child labour. The absolute number of children estimated to be engaged in the latter is, however, a stunning 8.4 million. Should we only be concerned about the worst forms of child labour? Most forms of child labour other than the worst ones have valuable learning-by-doing elements. Furthermore, child labour produces current income. If the family is credit rationed, child labour relaxes the liquidity constraint and increases current consumption. There is thus a trade-off between present and future consumption. To the extent that current consumption has a positive effect on future health (hence, on the child's future earning capacity and, more generally, utility), this trade-off may be lower than one might think. This book provides a blend of theory, empirical analysis and policy discussion. The first three chapters develop a fairly comprehensive theory of child labour, and related variables such as fertility, and infant mortality. Chapter 4, concerned with the effects of trade, contains both theory and cross-country empirical evidence. The remaining chapters are country studies, aimed at illustrating and testing different aspects of the theory in different geographical contexts. These chapters apply the latest developments in microeconometric methodology for dealing with endogeneity, unobserved heterogeneity, and the evaluation of public intervention.
Author: UNICEF.
Publisher: UNICEF
ISBN: 9280639161
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 156
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Book Description
The 2006 edition of UNICEF's annual report focuses on the millions of children who are most in need of access to essential education, health and protection services, but who are also the hardest to reach and often overlooked by current development programmes. These include children living in the poorest countries and most deprived communities within countries, children who face discrimination on the basis of gender, ethnicity or disability, children caught up in armed conflicts or affected by HIV/AIDS, children who lack a formal identity and who suffer from abuse and exploitation. The report examines the factors which result in their exclusion from current child development programmes and services, and highlights the policy options and actions required to address these challenges, in order to ensure all children benefit from the progress being made to achieve the Millennium Development Goals. Topics discussed include: income disparities and child survival, the marginalisation of Roma communities and their children, disability issues, children and HIV/AIDS, children living on the streets, early marriages, child labour, child protection and child rights.
Author: Franziska Humbert
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521764904
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 459
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Book Description
Franziska Humbert analyses how the prohibition of child labour is protected under international law and proposes an agenda for reform.
Author: International Labour Office
Publisher: International Labour Organization
ISBN: 9789221218739
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 108
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Book Description
In its quadrennial Global Report on child labour, the ILO says that the global number of child labourers had declined from 222 million to 215 million, or 3 per cent, over the period 2004 to 2008, representing a "slowing down of the global pace of reduction." The report also expresses concern that the global economic crisis could "further brake" progress toward the goal of eliminating the worst forms of child labour by 2016.
Author: Jennifer E. Lansford
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190847123
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 505
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Book Description
This book is unique in bringing together cutting-edge research on adolescent development with a focus on policies and interventions directed toward adolescents. The book is also distinctive in its focus on issues that uniquely affect adolescents in low- and middle-income countries.
Author: International Organization for Migration
Publisher: Academic Foundation
ISBN: 9788171885503
Category : Emigration and immigration
Languages : en
Pages : 504
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Book Description
Author: Abhijit Mukhopadhyay
Publisher: Observer Research Foundation
ISBN: 9390159520
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 78
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Book Description
This report analyses the use of child labour[1] in the textiles and allied industries in India, and the drivers that lead to its prevalence. India, home to one-fifth of the world’s children, has the highest rates of child labour: an estimated 33 million children under the age of 18 are engaged in work in various sectors across the country, from domestic service and agriculture, to textiles and mining. The textiles and allied industries are the second largest employers in India after agriculture, with 40 million direct and 60 million indirect employees. As a traditionally labour-intensive industry—where flexible and low-cost labour has driven growth and pushed India’s global competitiveness in the sector—the textiles sector is enabled by the massive use of child labour. The continuing practice of child labour has the potential to jeopardise India’s push for incentivising foreign investments into the sector and integrating into global supply chains. This report seeks to address key facets of the issue and provide holistic policy solutions. It is divided into three sections: Chapter 1 reviews key literature about child labour in India, particularly its causes and impacts. The second chapter provides an analysis of child labour in India within the garment and textile industry, using data from 88 sub-state regions (a collection of districts) covered by the National Sample Survey (NSS) of 2011-2012. The final chapter tests the hypothesis that labour costs are the main drivers of global competitiveness in the textiles and allied industries. This is done through an analysis of NSSO unit-level data from the Enterprises Survey 2015-16, of ten sub-state regions.[a]
Author: Linda S Spedding
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0750681748
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 784
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Book Description
Provides a practice-oriented overview of risk management issues with particular reference to identifying and measuring risk. Looks at some of the current risk issues and the concept of organisations creating a 'Sustainable Enterprise Risk Management' (SERM) methodology to encapsulate these risk areas with more traditional areas of risk management. Includes examples and case studies. Examines new research on the social and environmental categories of sustainability related risks.
Author: Anaclaudia Gastal Fassa
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199558582
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
Child labour constitutes a major public health concern, with estimates that world-wide 110 million children aged 5-14 years are engaged in labour that can be described as hazardous or intolerable. This book examines both the rights oriented and public health perspectives on child labour. A rights approach ensures that exploitative and abusive work is considered not just in terms of a labour market or health rights approach, but also in terms of human dignity and the solutions that preserve the rights of children and communities. The public health approach is steeped in the relationship between individuals and their community, seeking to identify how the presence (or absence) of government programmes and policies affects those involved. The economics perspective is also presented early in the book, to aid understanding of the causes and consequences of child labour, before the alternate public health and sociological views are presented. The editors examine factors such as poverty, malnutrition, social disadvantage, gender, globalisation, and education, and look at both physical and psychological threats. This book will be of use to academics and students involved in health, health policy, social sciences and development disciplines. Those actively involved public health initiatives, such as policy makers, and non-governmental organisations, will also find this an invaluable resource.
