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Author: Buscher, Martin
Publisher: Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin
ISBN: 3798330727
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 174
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Book Description
Global radio frequency spectrum use for satellite communication is a present-day challenge that has been aggravated by the increased launch of small satellites during the past 15 years. This thesis aims to examine both regulatory and technical aspects of spectrum use. The focus of this examination is on frequency bands that are commonly used by small satellites and on those bands that might be applicable for future use. The thesis content is subdivided into three parts. The first part presents the needed background on small satellites as well as the regulatory environment for small satellites. The second part gives insight into the results of a theoretical assessment of current and future small satellite allocations. The third part depicts two concepts for on-orbit spectrum analysis applications which allow the analysis of the problem from the technical side, including first flight results. After studying this work, the reader shall be able to understand regulatory procedures for frequency coordination and to acknowledge challenges for both satellite developers and responsible administrations. The presented hardware implementations for spectrum analysis shall serve as a tool for improved frequency coordination in the near future. Durch die steigende Anzahl von Kleinstsatellitenstarts in den letzten 15 Jahren ist auch die Auslastung von Funkspektrum für die Satellitenkommunikation signifikant gestiegen. Während die ersten Kleinstsatelliten (CubeSats) aufgrund ihrer Neuheit und ihrer kurzen Lebenszeit von regulatorischer Seite unbeachtet blieben, stiegen in den letzten Jahren Interferenzfälle sowie die Frage, wie Kleinstsatelliten regulatorisch behandelt werden sollen. Diese Arbeit betrachtet die aktuelle und zukünftige Nutzung von Funkspektrum für Kleinsatelliten aus regulatorischer und technischer Sicht. Der erste Teil der Arbeit behandelt die regulatorischen Rahmenbedingungen von Kleinstsatelliten und bietet einen Einblick in das Themengebiet Frequenzkoordinierung. Der zweite Teil untersucht Möglichkeiten zur verbesserten Frequenzkoordinierung im Rahmen von ITU-Studien. Im dritten Teil der Arbeit wird die technische Implementierung von Weltraumanwendungen zur Spektrumanalyse präsentiert. Flugergebnisse eines Spektrumanalysator sowie eine Satellitennutzlast zur Spektrumanalyse werden vorgestellt. Durch die Lektüre dieser Arbeit soll eine Einführung in die Frequenzkoordinierung von Kleinstsatelliten gegeben werden. Aktuelle Entwicklungen auf regulatorischer Seite sowie aktuelle und zukünftige Ergebnisse der Spektrumanalyse aus dem Orbit werden als Hilfsmittel für Koordinierungsvorgänge vorgestellt.
Author: Buscher, Martin
Publisher: Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin
ISBN: 3798330727
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 174
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Book Description
Global radio frequency spectrum use for satellite communication is a present-day challenge that has been aggravated by the increased launch of small satellites during the past 15 years. This thesis aims to examine both regulatory and technical aspects of spectrum use. The focus of this examination is on frequency bands that are commonly used by small satellites and on those bands that might be applicable for future use. The thesis content is subdivided into three parts. The first part presents the needed background on small satellites as well as the regulatory environment for small satellites. The second part gives insight into the results of a theoretical assessment of current and future small satellite allocations. The third part depicts two concepts for on-orbit spectrum analysis applications which allow the analysis of the problem from the technical side, including first flight results. After studying this work, the reader shall be able to understand regulatory procedures for frequency coordination and to acknowledge challenges for both satellite developers and responsible administrations. The presented hardware implementations for spectrum analysis shall serve as a tool for improved frequency coordination in the near future. Durch die steigende Anzahl von Kleinstsatellitenstarts in den letzten 15 Jahren ist auch die Auslastung von Funkspektrum für die Satellitenkommunikation signifikant gestiegen. Während die ersten Kleinstsatelliten (CubeSats) aufgrund ihrer Neuheit und ihrer kurzen Lebenszeit von regulatorischer Seite unbeachtet blieben, stiegen in den letzten Jahren Interferenzfälle sowie die Frage, wie Kleinstsatelliten regulatorisch behandelt werden sollen. Diese Arbeit betrachtet die aktuelle und zukünftige Nutzung von Funkspektrum für Kleinsatelliten aus regulatorischer und technischer Sicht. Der erste Teil der Arbeit behandelt die regulatorischen Rahmenbedingungen von Kleinstsatelliten und bietet einen Einblick in das Themengebiet Frequenzkoordinierung. Der zweite Teil untersucht Möglichkeiten zur verbesserten Frequenzkoordinierung im Rahmen von ITU-Studien. Im dritten Teil der Arbeit wird die technische Implementierung von Weltraumanwendungen zur Spektrumanalyse präsentiert. Flugergebnisse eines Spektrumanalysator sowie eine Satellitennutzlast zur Spektrumanalyse werden vorgestellt. Durch die Lektüre dieser Arbeit soll eine Einführung in die Frequenzkoordinierung von Kleinstsatelliten gegeben werden. Aktuelle Entwicklungen auf regulatorischer Seite sowie aktuelle und zukünftige Ergebnisse der Spektrumanalyse aus dem Orbit werden als Hilfsmittel für Koordinierungsvorgänge vorgestellt.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 030944263X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 131
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Book Description
Space-based observations have transformed our understanding of Earth, its environment, the solar system and the universe at large. During past decades, driven by increasingly advanced science questions, space observatories have become more sophisticated and more complex, with costs often growing to billions of dollars. Although these kinds of ever-more-sophisticated missions will continue into the future, small satellites, ranging in mass between 500 kg to 0.1 kg, are gaining momentum as an additional means to address targeted science questions in a rapid, and possibly more affordable, manner. Within the category of small satellites, CubeSats have emerged as a space-platform defined in terms of (10 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm)- sized cubic units of approximately 1.3 kg each called "U's." Historically, CubeSats were developed as training projects to expose students to the challenges of real-world engineering practices and system design. Yet, their use has rapidly spread within academia, industry, and government agencies both nationally and internationally. In particular, CubeSats have caught the attention of parts of the U.S. space science community, which sees this platform, despite its inherent constraints, as a way to affordably access space and perform unique measurements of scientific value. The first science results from such CubeSats have only recently become available; however, questions remain regarding the scientific potential and technological promise of CubeSats in the future. Achieving Science with CubeSats reviews the current state of the scientific potential and technological promise of CubeSats. This report focuses on the platform's promise to obtain high- priority science data, as defined in recent decadal surveys in astronomy and astrophysics, Earth science and applications from space, planetary science, and solar and space physics (heliophysics); the science priorities identified in the 2014 NASA Science Plan; and the potential for CubeSats to advance biology and microgravity research. It provides a list of sample science goals for CubeSats, many of which address targeted science, often in coordination with other spacecraft, or use "sacrificial," or high-risk, orbits that lead to the demise of the satellite after critical data have been collected. Other goals relate to the use of CubeSats as constellations or swarms deploying tens to hundreds of CubeSats that function as one distributed array of measurements.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309373085
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 254
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Book Description
Active remote sensing is the principal tool used to study and to predict short- and long-term changes in the environment of Earth - the atmosphere, the oceans and the land surfaces - as well as the near space environment of Earth. All of these measurements are essential to understanding terrestrial weather, climate change, space weather hazards, and threats from asteroids. Active remote sensing measurements are of inestimable benefit to society, as we pursue the development of a technological civilization that is economically viable, and seek to maintain the quality of our life. A Strategy for Active Remote Sensing Amid Increased Demand for Spectrum describes the threats, both current and future, to the effective use of the electromagnetic spectrum required for active remote sensing. This report offers specific recommendations for protecting and making effective use of the spectrum required for active remote sensing.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309376629
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 367
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Book Description
The electromagnetic spectrum is a vital part of our environment. Measures of radio frequency emissions from natural phenomena enable both practical applications, such as weather predictions and studies of the changing of Earth's climate here at home, and reveal the physical properties of cosmic sources. The spectrum is therefore a resource to be used wisely now and to be protected for future generations. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses: Second Edition sets forth the principles for the allocation and protection of spectral bands for services using the radio spectrum for scientific research. This report describes the radio frequency bands used by scientific services and includes relevant regulatory information and discussion of scientific use of frequency bands. This reference will guide spectrum managers and spectrum regulatory bodies on science issues and serve as a resource to scientists and other spectrum users.
Author: Joseph N. Pelton
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783030363079
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
In the past decade, the field of small satellites has expanded the space industry in a powerful way. Hundreds, indeed thousands, of these innovative and highly cost-efficient satellites are now being launched from Earth to establish low-cost space systems. These smallsats are engaged in experiments and prototype testing, communications services, data relay, internet access, remote sensing, defense and security related services, and more. Some of these systems are quite small and are simple student experiments, while others in commercial constellations are employing state-of-the-art technologies to deliver fast and accurate services. This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of this exciting new field. It covers the technology, applications and services, design and manufacture, launch arrangements, ground systems, and economic and regulatory arrangements surrounding small satellites. The diversity of approach in recent years has allowed for rapid innovation and economic breakthroughs to proceed at a pace that seems only to be speeding up. In this reference work, readers will find information pertaining to all aspects of the small satellite industry, written by a host of international experts in the field.
Author: Rainer Sandau
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 140206943X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 399
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Book Description
The 6th IAA Symposium on Small Satellites for Earth Observation, initiated by the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA), was again hosted by DLR, the German Aerospace Center. The participation of scientists, engineers, and managers from 24 countries reflected the high interest in the use of small satellites for dedicated missions applied to Earth observation. The contributions showed that dedicated Earth observation missions cover a wide range of very different tasks.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309183707
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 104
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Book Description
Remote observations of Earth from space serve an extraordinarily broad range of purposes, resulting in extraordinary demands on those at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and elsewhere who must decide how to execute them. In research, Earth observations promise large volumes of data to a variety of disciplines with differing needs for measurement type, simultaneity, continuity, and long-term instrument stability. Operational needs, such as weather forecasting, add a distinct set of requirements for continual and highly reliable monitoring of global conditions. The Role of Small Satellites in NASA and NOAA Earth Observation Programs confronts these diverse requirements and assesses how they might be met by small satellites. In the past, the preferred architecture for most NASA and NOAA missions was a single large spacecraft platform containing a sophisticated suite of instruments. But the recognition in other areas of space research that cost-effectiveness, flexibility, and robustness may be enhanced by using small spacecraft has raised questions about this philosophy of Earth observation. For example, NASA has already abandoned its original plan for a follow-on series of major platforms in its Earth Observing System. This study finds that small spacecraft can play an important role in Earth observation programs, providing to this field some of the expected benefits that are normally associated with such programs, such as rapid development and lower individual mission cost. It also identifies some of the programmatic and technical challenges associated with a mission composed of small spacecraft, as well as reasons why more traditional, larger platforms might still be preferred. The reasonable conclusion is that a systems-level examination is required to determine the optimum architecture for a given scientific and/or operational objective. The implied new challenge is for NASA and NOAA to find intra- and interagency planning mechanisms that can achieve the most appropriate and cost-effective balance among their various requirements.
Author: Joseph N. Pelton
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781461464235
Category : Artificial satellites
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Neta Palkovitz
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN: 9403518146
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 200
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Book Description
In recent years, small satellites have taken the space industry by storm. Their short development times, low cost, significant miniaturisation, standardisation and commercial availability have truly revolutionised the space industry. They make space accessible to non-professionals and on an individual level. This book is the first to explore the status of small satellites vis-à-vis international space law, examining which provisions are applicable and what kind of legal issues the traditional definitions pose when considering novel small satellites activities. The author sheds clear light on current regulatory challenges raised by the commercial and research activities of small satellites as well as by governmental and military applications. She covers the legal implications in such aspects of the small satellites revolution as the following: liability for damage caused or suffered by small satellites; State responsibility for non-governmental space activities employing small satellites; registration of space objects; launch practices; online availability of components and launch slots; the connection between small satellites and space debris; the role of space insurance; and legal challenges posed by large constellations of small satellites. In the course of the description and analysis, the author provides case studies showing how these challenges can be dealt with, offers deeply informed insights on emerging trends and future developments and indicates which jurisdictions may be most favourable to small satellite activities. The small satellites market is booming, and both States and industry are in need of guidance relating to the regulatory situation. Accordingly, this book will help stakeholders in the industry – universities, business entities and individuals, as well as non-commercial entities engaged in small satellites operations – understand what kind of regulatory challenges exist and what should be done in order to solve these challenges in the future.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 9780309059466
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 208
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Book Description
In response to a request from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the committee studied a range of issues to help identify what strategies the Department of Defense might follow to meet its need for flexible, rapidly deployable communications systems. Taking into account the military's particular requirements for security, interoperability, and other capabilities as well as the extent to which commercial technology development can be expected to support these and related needs, the book recommends systems and component research as well as organizational changes to help the DOD field state-of-the-art, cost-effective untethered communications systems. In addition to advising DARPA on where its investment in information technology for mobile wireless communications systems can have the greatest impact, the book explores the evolution of wireless technology, the often fruitful synergy between commercial and military research and development efforts, and the technical challenges still to be overcome in making the dream of "anytime, anywhere" communications a reality.
