Investigations of a Combustor Using a 9-Point Swirl-Venturi Fuel Injector: Recent Experimental Results PDF Download
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Author: National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
Publisher: Independently Published
ISBN: 9781793956422
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 26
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Book Description
This paper explores recent results obtained during testing in an optically-accessible, JP8-fueled, flame tube combustor using baseline Lean Direct Injection (LDI) research hardware. The baseline LDI geometry has nine fuel/air mixers arranged in a 3 x 3 array. Results from this nine-element array include images of fuel and OH speciation via Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence (PLIF), which describe fuel spray pattern and reaction zones. Preliminary combustion temperatures derived from Stokes/Anti-Stokes Spontaneous Raman Spectroscopy are also presented. Other results using chemiluminescence from major combustion radicals such as CH* and C2* serve to identify the primary reaction zone, while OH PLIF shows the extent of reaction further downstream. Air and fuel velocities and fuel drop size results are also reported. Hicks, Yolanda R. and Heath, Christopher M. and Anderson, Robert C. and Tacina, Kathleen M. Glenn Research Center WBS 561581.02.08.03.16.03; WBS 984754.02.07.03.19.03
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
Publisher: Independently Published
ISBN: 9781793956422
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 26
Get Book Here
Book Description
This paper explores recent results obtained during testing in an optically-accessible, JP8-fueled, flame tube combustor using baseline Lean Direct Injection (LDI) research hardware. The baseline LDI geometry has nine fuel/air mixers arranged in a 3 x 3 array. Results from this nine-element array include images of fuel and OH speciation via Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence (PLIF), which describe fuel spray pattern and reaction zones. Preliminary combustion temperatures derived from Stokes/Anti-Stokes Spontaneous Raman Spectroscopy are also presented. Other results using chemiluminescence from major combustion radicals such as CH* and C2* serve to identify the primary reaction zone, while OH PLIF shows the extent of reaction further downstream. Air and fuel velocities and fuel drop size results are also reported. Hicks, Yolanda R. and Heath, Christopher M. and Anderson, Robert C. and Tacina, Kathleen M. Glenn Research Center WBS 561581.02.08.03.16.03; WBS 984754.02.07.03.19.03
Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 17
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Author:
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Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Paul Palies
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128199970
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 402
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Stabilization and Dynamic of Premixed Swirling Flames: Prevaporized, Stratified, Partially, and Fully Premixed Regimes focuses on swirling flames in various premixed modes (stratified, partially, fully, prevaporized) for the combustor, and development and design of current and future swirl-stabilized combustion systems. This includes predicting capabilities, modeling of turbulent combustion, liquid fuel modeling, and a complete overview of stabilization of these flames in aeroengines. The book also discusses the effects of the operating envelope on upstream fresh gases and the subsequent impact of flame speed, combustion, and mixing, the theoretical framework for flame stabilization, and fully lean premixed injector design. Specific attention is paid to ground gas turbine applications, and a comprehensive review of stabilization mechanisms for premixed, partially-premixed, and stratified premixed flames. The last chapter covers the design of a fully premixed injector for future jet engine applications. Features a complete view of the challenges at the intersection of swirling flame combustors, their requirements, and the physics of fluids at work Addresses the challenges of turbulent combustion modeling with numerical simulations Includes the presentation of the very latest numerical results and analyses of flashback, lean blowout, and combustion instabilities Covers the design of a fully premixed injector for future jet engine applications
Author: Jacob Haseman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 109
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Book Description
Current trends with swirler/combustor designs tend towards lower emissions in accordance with ICAO standards, with the main problems inherent in common lean-direct-injection (LDI) designs being poor stability and autoignition or flashback issues. The LDI design is meant to combine the good stability and performance of a traditional rich-burn quick-quench lean-burn (RQL) combustor with the ultra-low NOx emissions of a lean-premixed-prevaporized (LPP) combustor. The goal of this research is to investigate the feasibility of using swirlers with varying swirl strengths in an LDI combustor array by performing a series of combustion tests at atmospheric pressure. Three configurations were designed and tested which contained different arrangements of two counter-rotating radial-radial swirler designs with varying swirl strengths in a 3x3 array format. All nine swirlers contained a fuel nozzle with very similar flow numbers and were all set to the same insertion depth with respect to the swirlers' flare exits. Two nozzle insertion depths were investigated to see how the performance changes with changing insertion depth. Three fuel circuits supplied fuel to the nine fuel nozzles to the center, sides, and diagonal swirlers respectively. Testing was conducted by placing the hardware on a horizontally-oriented test rig connected to an air intake manifold, with the inlet air preheated to approximately 400°F and the pressure drop across the swirler set to 4% of atmospheric pressure. These tests investigated fuel staging configurations at various simulated engine throttle settings and flight conditions to gauge the steady-state combustion and LBO characteristics and low- NOx potential of this design. The results of this testing show that all three configurations tested were able to achieve stable-burning with low equivalence ratios for the three simulated flight conditions tested, as well as across a number of other investigated parameters. The two high-strength swirler configurations performed better than the baseline configuration in terms of LBO, stability, and flame uniformity, but all three configurations achieved stable combustion at comparable equivalence ratios to traditional combustor designs currently in use in industry. The low fuel flow rates required for ignition with the larger flow number fuel nozzles also demonstrates the practicality of this design in a real-world scenario. These tests also demonstrate that the deeper nozzle insertion depth performed better than the shallow insertion depth, and that future testing should focus on the high-strength swirler configurations.
Author: K. S. Chun
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781724223074
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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A well integrated experimental/analytical investigation was conducted to provide benchmark quality data relevant to prefilming type airblast fuel nozzle and its interaction with combustor dome air swirler. The experimental investigation included a systematic study of both single-phase flows that involved single and twin co-axial jets with and without swirl. A two-component Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA) equipment was used to document the interaction of single and co-axial air jets with glass beads that simulate nonevaporating spray and simultaneously avoid the complexities associated with fuel atomization processes and attendant issues about the specification of relevant boundary conditions. The interaction of jets with methanol spray produced by practical airblast nozzle was also documented in the spatial domain of practical interest. Model assessment activities included the use of three turbulence models (k-epsilon, algebraic second moment (ASM) and differential second moment (DSM)) for the carrier phase, deterministic or stochastic Lagrangian treatment of the dispersed phase, and advanced numerical schemes. Although qualitatively good comparison with data was obtained for most of the cases investigated, the model deficiencies in regard to modeled dissipation rate transport equation, single length scale, pressure-strain correlation, and other critical closure issues need to be resolved before one can achieve the degree of accuracy required to analytically design combustion systems. Nikjooy, M. and Mongia, H. C. and Mcdonell, V. G. and Samuelson, G. S. Unspecified Center NASA-CR-189193-VOL-2, E-7593-VOL-2, NAS 1.26:189193-VOL-2 NAS3-24350; RTOP 505-62-52...
Author: Sesha S. Srinivasan
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3039216309
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 278
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Book Description
Clean energy and fuel storage are often required for both stationary and automotive applications. Some of these clean energy and fuel storage technologies currently under extensive research and development include hydrogen storage, direct electric storage, mechanical energy storage, solar–thermal energy storage, electrochemical (batteries and supercapacitors), and thermochemical storage. The gravimetric and volumetric storage capacity, energy storage density, power output, operating temperature and pressure, cycle life, recyclability, and cost of clean energy or fuel storage are some of the factors that govern efficient energy and fuel storage technologies for potential deployment in energy harvesting (solar and wind farms) stations and onboard vehicular transportation. This Special Issue thus serves the need for promoting exploratory research and development on clean energy and fuel storage technologies while addressing their challenges to practical and sustainable infrastructures.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aerodynamics, Hypersonic
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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Author: Yongqiang Fu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 185
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Book Description
A multipoint lean direct injection (LDI) concept was introduced recently in non-premixed combustion to obtain both low NOx emissions and good combustion stability. In this concept, a key feature is the injection of finely atomized fuel into the high-swirling airflow at the combustor dome that provides a homogenous, lean fuel-air mixture. In order to achieve the fine atomization and mixing of the fuel and air quickly and uniformly, a good swirler design should be studied. The focus of this dissertation is to investigate the aerodynamics and combustion of the swirling flow field in a multipoint lean direct injector combustor. A helical axial-vaned swirler with a short internal convergent-divergent venturi was used. Swirlers with various vane angles and fuel nozzle insertion lengths have been designed. Three non-dimensional parameter effects on non-reacting, swirling flow field were studied: swirler number, confinement ratio and Reynolds number. Spray and combustion characteristics on the single swirler were studied to understand the mechanism of fuel-air mixing in this special configuration. Multi-swirler interactions were studied by measuring the confined flow field of a multipoint swirler array with different configurations. Two different swirler arrangements were investigated experimentally, which include a co-swirling array and a counter-swirling array. In order to increase the range of stability of multipoint LDI combustors, an improved design were also conducted. The results show that the degree of swirl and the level of confinement have a clear impact on the mean and turbulent flow fields. The swirling flow fields may also change significantly with the addition of a variety of simulated fuel nozzle insertion lengths. The swirler with short insertion has the stronger swirling flow as compared with the long insertion swirler. Reynolds numbers, with range of current study, will not alter mean and turbulent properties of generated flows. The reaction of the spray dramatically changes the gas phase velocity distribution, while the convergent-divergent nozzle strongly affects the spray velocity profiles. The multipoint flow field has a very complicated structure, especially for the flow structure near the swirler exit, where very strong interactions exit among the adjacent swirlers. Multipoint swirler arrays with the recessed center swirler will alter flow structure significantly. There is a short strong central recirculation zone in both co-swirler and counter-swirler recessed arrays, which may increase the operability range of the multipoint swirl-venturi LDI combustor.
