Polar Icebreakers in a Changing World

Polar Icebreakers in a Changing World PDF Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309103215
Category : Transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 135

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Book Description
The United States has enduring national and strategic interests in the polar regions, including citizens living above the Arctic circle and three year-round scientific stations in the Antarctic. Polar icebreaking ships are needed to access both regions. Over the past several decades, the U.S. government has supported a fleet of four icebreakersâ€"three multi-mission U.S. Coast Guard ships (the POLAR SEA, POLAR STAR, and HEALY) and the National Science Foundation's PALMER, which is dedicated solely to scientific research. Today, the POLAR STAR and the POLAR SEA are at the end of their service lives, and a lack of funds and no plans for an extension of the program has put U.S. icebreaking capability at risk. This report concludes that the United States should continue to support its interests in the Arctic and Antarctic for multiple missions, including maintaining leadership in polar science. The report recommends that the United States immediately program, budget, design, and construct two new polar icebreakers to be operated by the U.S. Coast Guard. The POLAR SEA should remain mission capable and the POLAR STAR should remain available for reactivation until the new polar icebreakers enter service. The U.S. Coast Guard should be provided sufficient operations and maintenance budget to support an increased, regular, and influential presence in the Arctic, with support from other agencies. The report also calls for a Presidential Decision Directive to clearly align agency responsibilities and budgetary authorities.

Investigating Earth's Oceans

Investigating Earth's Oceans PDF Author: Britannica Educational Publishing
Publisher: Britannica Educational Publishing
ISBN: 1615305467
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 90

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Book Description
Contained in the immensity and depths of the Earth’s oceans, many of the planet’s species and resources thrive far away from the reaches of human civilization. With expanses that have yet to be discovered and enormous reservoirs of untapped potential, oceans provide fodder for all manners of research. This informative volume describes the features and properties of the bodies of water that make up 70 percent of the world’s surface as well as the various branches of oceanography dedicated to studying all aspects of the ocean and its life forms.

Investigating Earth’s Desert, Grassland, and Rainforest Biomes

Investigating Earth’s Desert, Grassland, and Rainforest Biomes PDF Author: Britannica Educational Publishing
Publisher: Britannica Educational Publishing
ISBN: 1615305513
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 90

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Book Description
Perhaps the most prominent elements in the patchwork pattern formed by Earth’s regions and ecosystems are its deserts, grasslands, and rainforests. Though vastly different from one another and often separated by thousands of miles, these biomes are all life-sustaining components of a larger environmental network. This volume examines each of these captivating regions in turn as well as the various species that thrive within them. Vivid images provide colorful glimpses of the vistas and organisms that comprise each biome.

Investigating Earth’s Polar Biomes

Investigating Earth’s Polar Biomes PDF Author: Sherman Hollar Associate Editor, Compton’s by Britannica
Publisher: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc
ISBN: 1615305017
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 90

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Book Description
Describes the geography, history of exploration, and scientific study of the North and South polar regions of the Earth.

Arctic Research of the United States

Arctic Research of the United States PDF Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Arctic regions
Languages : en
Pages : 210

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Book Description


Geoelectromagnetic Investigation of the Earth’s Crust and Mantle

Geoelectromagnetic Investigation of the Earth’s Crust and Mantle PDF Author: I.I. Rokityansky
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642618014
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 394

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Book Description
Electrical conductivity is a parameter which characterizes composition and physical state of the Earth's interior. Studies of the state equations of solids at high temperature and pressure indicate that there is a close relation be tween the electrical conductivity of rocks and temperature. Therefore, measurements of deep conductivity can provide knowledge of the present state and temperature of the Earth's crust and upper mantle matter. Infor mation about the temperature of the Earth's interior in the remote past is derived from heat flow data. Experimental investigation of water-containing rocks has revealed a pronounced increase of electrical conductivity in the temperature range D from 500 to 700 DC which may be attributed to the beginning of fractional melting. Hence, anomalies of electrical conductivity may be helpful in identitying zones of melting and dehydration. The studies of these zones are perspective in the scientific research of the mobile areas of the Earth's crust and upper mantle where tectonic movements, processes ofthe region al metamorphism and of forming mineral deposits are most intensive. Thus, in the whole set of research on physics of the Earth the studies of electrical conductivity of deep-seated rocks appear, beyond doubt, very important.

Earth Observing System

Earth Observing System PDF Author: DIANE Publishing Company
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 9780788136399
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 56

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Book Description
The Earth Observing System (EOS) is the centerpiece of NASA's Mission to Planet Earth, whose overall goal is to understand the total earth system (air, water, land, life, & their interactions) & the effects of natural & human-induced changes on the global environment. This report assesses NASA's plans for funding the first spacecraft of the EOS in 1998 & for developing its EOS-related basic research community. Also addresses issues related to the new Earth System Science Pathfinder program. Charts & tables.

Investigating Seafloors and Oceans

Investigating Seafloors and Oceans PDF Author: Antony Joseph
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128093633
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 614

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Book Description
Investigating Seafloors and Oceans: From Mud Volcanoes to Giant Squid offers a bottom-to-top tour of the world's oceans, exposing the secrets hidden therein from a variety of scientific perspectives. Opening with a discussion of the earth's formation, hot spots, ridges, plate tectonics, submarine trenches, and cold seeps, the text goes on to address such topics as the role of oceans in the origin of life, tidal bore, thermal effects, ecosystem services, marine creatures, and nutraceutical and pharmaceutical resources. This unique reference provides insight into a wide array of questions that researchers continue to ask about the vast study of oceans and the seafloor. It is a one-of-a-kind examination of oceans that offers important perspectives for researchers, practitioners, and academics in all marine-related fields. - Includes chapters addressing various scientific disciplines, offering the opportunity for readers to gain insights on diverse topics in the study of oceans - Provides scientific discussion on thermo-tolerant microbial life in sub-seafloor hot sediments and vent fields, as well as the origin of life debates and the puzzles revolving around how life originated - Includes detailed information on the origin of dreaded episodes, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, internal waves and tidal bores - Contains information on the contribution of the oceans in terms of providing useful nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products

Polar Colonization and Exploration

Polar Colonization and Exploration PDF Author: Henry W. Howgate
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 3385562392
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 50

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Book Description
Reprint of the original, first published in 1877.

An Investigation Into the Use of Temperature Gradients as an In-flight Warning of Impending Clear-air Turbulence

An Investigation Into the Use of Temperature Gradients as an In-flight Warning of Impending Clear-air Turbulence PDF Author: George McLean
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Buffeting (Aerodynamics)
Languages : en
Pages : 72

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Book Description