Author: Bryan R. Cullen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642377653
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 265
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Book Description
Recent research has focused attention on the importance of intrinsic antiviral immunity, i.e. immunity mediated by factors that are constitutively expressed in many cells. In this volume, leading experts provide a comprehensive overview of this relatively new and rapidly evolving field. They cover intrinsic proteinaceous antiviral immune effectors, such as the APOBEC3 and TRIM protein families as well as Tetherin and SAMHD1, which were initially discovered by researchers studying HIV-1. Furthermore, the role of RNA interference in antiviral defense in plants and invertebrates, as well as the interplay between microRNAs and viruses in mammalian cells, are analysed. One chapter discusses how intrinsic immunity and viral countermeasures to intrinsic immune effectors drive both pathogen and host evolution, and finally the emerging evidence that DNA damage response proteins restrict infection by DNA viruses is highlighted.
Author: Matthew Charman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Asghar Aghamohammadi
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128231890
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 396
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Book Description
Awareness among clinicians about PIDs, which consist of more than 400 different entities, plays an important role in ensuring that patients receive a timely diagnosis. Furthermore, clinicians who are educated about PIDs can give their patients access to optimal management of their condition, thus helping the patient achieve a better quality-of-life and long-term prognosis. Inborn Errors of Immunity: A Practical Guide provides the most up-to-date information for busy students, nurses, clinical residents, practicing physicians, and even basic researchers. Readers will benefit from a well-structured breakdown of complicated PID diseases, including approaches to their clinical signs/symptoms and immunologic/laboratory findings. Presents valuable contribution of more than 40 expert chapter authors, from top centers spanning five continents, each in a specific PID field Covers various aspects of PID using updated clinical guidelines and standard stepwise pipelines Focuses on the latest developments in the molecular diagnosis and pathogenesis of diseases, with easy explanation and schematic representation of defective signaling pathways Includes dedicated sections for clinical features and immunological tests with carefully-curated figures of PID manifestations, imaging, and histological/pathological illustrations to create the first PID medial-color atlas Summarizes the updated conventional and specific treatments and follow-up notes for different PID diseases
Author: Ann Arvin
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139461648
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1325
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Book Description
This comprehensive account of the human herpesviruses provides an encyclopedic overview of their basic virology and clinical manifestations. This group of viruses includes human simplex type 1 and 2, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, HHV6A, 6B and 7, and varicella-zoster virus. The viral diseases and cancers they cause are significant and often recurrent. Their prevalence in the developed world accounts for a major burden of disease, and as a result there is a great deal of research into the pathophysiology of infection and immunobiology. Another important area covered within this volume concerns antiviral therapy and the development of vaccines. All these aspects are covered in depth, both scientifically and in terms of clinical guidelines for patient care. The text is illustrated generously throughout and is fully referenced to the latest research and developments.
Author: Frank William Soveg
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 158
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Book Description
Cell intrinsic antiviral immunity is a critical facet of the innate immune response to viruses. Since virtually every subcellular compartment can be utilized by viruses for replication, antiviral factors must also be positioned in these compartments to effectively interact with various viral threats. In this thesis, we explored the impact organelle membrane targeting through protein prenylation has on the antiviral specificity of innate immune RNA binding proteins in the context of positive-strand RNA virus infection. Since positive-strand RNA viruses use host organelle membranes to construct niches for RNA replication, we hypothesized antiviral RNA binding proteins that localize to organelle membranes might have enhanced access to viral RNA generated by these viruses during infection. We focused on two antiviral RNA binding proteins: zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) and oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1). The long isoform of ZAP, ZAP-L, is prenylated and targeted to endosomes and lysosomes. This localization is critical for its antiviral activity against alphaviruses, which use those compartments for RNA replication. The cytosolic short isoform of ZAP, ZAP-S, regulates interferon RNA. Similarly, the p46 isoform of OAS1 is prenylated and localizes primarily to the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum. Localization to these compartments bestows p46 with enhanced antiviral activity against viruses that use ER and Golgi membranes for RNA replication, including picornaviruses, flaviviruses, and coronaviruses. Overall, prenylation can target innate immune antiviral RNA binding proteins to subcellular compartments where positive-strand RNA viruses sequester their RNA.
Author: Santo Landolfo
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889717828
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 230
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Book Description
Author: Source Wikipedia
Publisher: University-Press.org
ISBN: 9781230583495
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 28. Chapters: Intrinsic immunity, PtERV1, Retrovirus.
Author: Washingtone Ochieng'
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN: 3736924275
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 148
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Book Description
Efficacy assessment of AIDS vaccines relies both on pre-clinically challenging immunised monkeys with a pathogenic virus and subsequent monitoring of infection rates in large human trials. Conventional parameters of vaccine-induced immune responses do not completely predict outcome. Moreover, existing methods for testing cellular immunity are sophisticated and difficult to establish in resource-limited settings, thereby constraining large studies. There is a need for study models that bridge the gap between preclinical and clinical vaccine testing, and which are able to predict a virus-specific vaccine effect before actual challenge. Virus replication kinetics (VVR) on ConA-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was used as an ex vivo model to mimic the interaction between different components of the immune system and viral infection. PBMCs were obtained from the 17 experimental rhesus monkeys before immunisation and subsequently at 12, 26 and 44 weeks during immunisation (wdi). Before immunization, VVR of vaccine-naïve PBMCs varied between individual animals by between >430-fold and >60-fold after 7 and 10 days of infection cultures. VVR of sham-vaccinated control monkeys remained constant over 44 the weeks. However, VVR of immunised animals was significantly attenuated during this follow-up period. This effect was not influenced by the MHC- class 1 Mamu-A*01 allele, which is normally associated with slow disease progression. VVR was instead dependent on the number of IFNγ-producing cells (p=0.001), CD8+ T-cell non-cytotoxic antiviral response (CNAR) (p=0.01) and MIP-1α (p=0.013). High VVR correlated with increased CXCL10, IL-1β and MIP-1β. Importantly, pre-challenge VVR, CXCL10, IL-1β and MIP-1β but not IFNγ correlated directly with acute plasma viremia and inversely with memory CD4+ T-cell counts after SIVmac239 challenge. VVR was thus able to predict disease progression and the protective capacity of the vaccine regime. Likewise, pre-challenge CNAR, MIP-1α and IL-10 were associated inversely with acute-phase plasma viremia and directly with memory CD4+ T-cell concentrations in blood. When applied to human studies, this ex vivo infection technique could predict the efficacy of candidate AIDS vaccines prior to phase III clinical trials.
Author: David Cameron Clever
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 98
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Book Description
Author: Kenneth Murphy
Publisher: Garland Science
ISBN: 9780815344575
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The Janeway's Immunobiology CD-ROM, Immunobiology Interactive, is included with each book, and can be purchased separately. It contains animations and videos with voiceover narration, as well as the figures from the text for presentation purposes.
