Interpersonal Attraction and Reinforcing Effects of Self-attitudes on High and Low Self-esteem PDF Download
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Author: Wayne Padd
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Interpersonal attraction
Languages : en
Pages : 252
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Book Description
Author: Wayne Padd
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Interpersonal attraction
Languages : en
Pages : 252
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Book Description
Author: Haleigh Winfrey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Interpersonal relations
Languages : en
Pages : 98
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Book Description
Interpersonal Attraction is an important field of psychology concerning why humans are attracted to one another and the multiple factors as to how this attraction occurs. Major studies in the field have looked at dyadic relationships involving a complete range of interactions from first impressions of a stranger to those of long-term couples. These studies focus on reciprocal behavior contingencies and how these relationships grow and change over time. Research suggests there is a positive linear relationship between attitude similarity and attraction. This "reinforcement affect theory" view of attraction has been previously studied with interpersonal attraction, but has lately been challenged by theories that emphasize cognition rather than reinforcement. Focusing on constructs such as attachment style and self-esteem has allowed researchers to gain insight into the human psyche, which will assist in determining how interpersonal attraction occurs. Examining the conceptual processes concerning why people are attracted to individuals may help explain the complexities of attraction. The goals of the current study were to (1) replicate previous studies that show percent of attitude similarity influences interpersonal attraction, (2) to examine the relationship between attachment style and self-esteem, (3) their relationship to interpersonal attraction, and (4) to test for a cognitive interpretation of the attitude similarity - interpersonal attraction relationship. The results show that percent of attitude similarity influences interpersonal attraction and that self-esteem is related to attachment style. The results did not show that attachment style or self-esteem are related to interpersonal attraction. A cognitive interpretation of the attitude similarity 0́3 attraction relationship was not supported.
Author: Albert Pepitone
Publisher: Transaction Publishers
ISBN: 0202364240
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 258
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Book Description
Author: Anton Pelinka
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351315307
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 313
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Book Description
Attraction and hostility find expression in almost every variety of human relationship, and have consequently provided a central theme for social psychology since its beginnings. Yet attempts to conceptualize the diverse phenomena embraced in these terms have produced theories of such wide generality that they have little explanatory or predictive force. The object of the present study is to bring precision to a vast and sprawling area by setting limits and dimensions to the phenomena and investigating them experimentally on the basis of a series of hypotheses derived from a critical analysis of current conceptual approaches, including frustration, need-satisfaction, and dissonance models. The programme of experimental studies focuses on cognitive validation-a motivation to form and maintain subjectively valid evaluations of the self and the social environment-which is shown to be a common denominator of a number of attraction and hostility measures. The results throw light on reactions to boastfulness and to self-debasement; impressions of persons who are described by biased informants; effects of self-evaluation on competitiveness, and the projection of unfavourable characteristics. The interest of the study for social psychologists derives both from its theoretical integration of a wide range of behaviour and from its contribution to experimental design.
Author: Nancy Ann Robinson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Social desirability
Languages : en
Pages : 114
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Book Description
Author: Carolyn Kramer
Publisher: 1972.
ISBN:
Category : Interpersonal relations
Languages : en
Pages : 130
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Book Description
Author: Dorothy Phillips Besier
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cognitive dissonance
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Self esteem has been found to be an important personality variable in dissonance experiments concerned with the effects of negative or aggressive behavior on liking of the victim. Persons with high self esteem are expected to experience more dissonance because aggressive behavior conflicts with their self concept. The high self esteem person would reduce dissonance by derogating the victim. This effect has been found by Glass (1964) to occur only when there is a choice regarding the behavior. The effect of self esteem differences on liking following positive behavior is investigated in this study. It is assumed that performing an action which benefits another person is inconsistent with the self concept of low self esteem persons. It was predicted that the low self esteem person who gave a positive impression statement by his own choice to someone who obviously appreciated it, would experience dissonance and would increase liking more than subjects in other conditions. Subjects self esteem was measured prior to the experiment (chronic self esteem) and was manipulated on arrival at the experiment(acute self esteem) both at two levels, high and low. After viewing a confederate on TV who was ostensibly in the next room, subjects rated him a first time. Three impression statements prepared by the experimenter were described, one positive one neutral and one negative. Subjects were asked to read (choice) or told to read (no choice) one of these statements. Actually only positive and neutral statements were read. A2x2x2x2 design resulted. Results contradicted the predictions. Low self esteem subjects with choice who read a positive statement did not increase liking more than when they had no choice or more than high self esteem subjects. High self esteem subjects who read a positive statement by choice increased liking more than when there was no choice, although this difference did not quite reach significance at the conventional level. This trend is consistent with other dissonance experiments. However, reading a neutral statement also led to increased liking for all subjects except low self esteem subjects with no choice. Reading a neutral statement led to greater liking in low self esteem subjects when they had a choice compared to when they had no choice. Possible explanations for these results are discussed.
Author: Ruth C. Wylie
Publisher: U of Nebraska Press
ISBN: 9780803247017
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 850
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Book Description
Theory and Research on Selected topics. In this book we are provided with careful, critical, and lucid discussions of such topics as the relationship between race, sex, socioeconomic status, age and self-concept.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 848
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Book Description
Author: Dorothy Anne Phillips
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Friendship
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
It was hypothesized that two characteristics, competence and interpersonal relatedness or friendliness, which have been considered important to self-esteem by twentieth century theorists, would be important determinants of interpersonal attraction when perceived in others. Consequences of self-esteem for attraction to persons vary ing in competence and friendliness were investigated. Predictions were made from three social psychological theories, social comparison theory (Festinger, 1954), balance theory (Heider, 1958), and learning theory (Lott & Lott, 1972). Two experiments were designed to test the predictions. Experi ment I presented written interviews of the stimulus persons in a factorial design with two levels each of competence and friendliness. Experiment II presented adjective traits of stimulus persons in a factorial design with four levels each of competence and friendliness. In both experiments, subjects rated each stimulus person on compe tence, friendliness, how much they liked him and how much they anti cipated he would like them. Subjects rated their own competence and friendliness to yield ratings of perceived similarity between subjects and stimulus persons. Results of both experiments indicated that subjects liked com petent and friendly others more than incompetent and unfriendly others regardless of their own self-esteem level. Contrary to these results, both social comparison theory and balance theory based on sentiment relations predicted that self-esteem would influence inter personal attraction. Social comparison theory was based on the assumption that subjects would perceive similarity between them selves and certain stimulus persons. Since support for predictions from social comparison theory as well as support for the assumptions on which predictions were based was lacking, this theory may predict relations when similarity is more salient. The balance theory- sentiment relations prediction was based on the assumption that sub jects would anticipate more liking from competent and friendly others than from incompetent and unfriendly others. Since support for the predictions from balance theory-sentiment relations was lacking but support for the assumptions was present, this theory was rejected as mediating the relations between self-esteem and interpersonal attrac- ti on. Both balance theory based on unit relations and learning theory based on secondary reinforcement predicted the results on the liking measure. However, support for perceived similarity, which was the basis of the balance theory-unit relations prediction, was not found and this theory was not supported. Support for the assumption that competence and friendliness develop secondary reinforcing properties, which was the basis of the predictions from learning theory, was indirect and the theory was tentatively accepted. Results of these experiments are consistent with an hypothesis (Berscheid & Walster, 1969) that only when the stimulus person has evaluated the perceiver will self-esteem affect interpersonal attrac tion. An hypothesis that the perceiver need only be in a position to evaluate was discussed.
