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Author: Matthias Hilgert
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3638373584
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Book Description
Essay from the year 2005 in the subject Economics - International Economic Relations, grade: very good (UK: grade A, mark 7), University of Glasgow (Center of Development Studies), course: International Trade, language: English, abstract: The infant industry argument is one of the most famous arguments for protection against free international trade. The argument claims that protection is justified for new industries especially in less developed countries in order to establish them sufficiently. These infant industries are unable to compete with the old and well established industries located mostly in developed countries. The main reasons are differences in efficiency in production, information, knowledge and capital endowment (Suranovic, 2004). Since Friedrich List (1789-1846) had developed this argument at the beginning of the Nineteenth Century, since then infant industry protection has been immensely criticized among economists. Most economists agree to some reasonable circumstances that would justify the temporary and limited protection of an infant industry (Melitz, 1999). Nevertheless, there is a big community of opponents who claim that protection is likely to be only the second-best policy rather than the firstbest policy (Suranovic, 2004). Despite this opposition, almost all countries of the world have developed their industrial base by applying to infant industry protection (Krugman and Obstfeld, 2003 and Shafaeddin, 1998). This essay aims to examine Friedrich List’s theory of the infant industry argument in detail. First, it explores the origin of List’s theory by giving a general explanation and some background information, by identifying the pattern of protection and by examining the justification for his theory. Secondly, it critically examines List’s theory under a contemporary perspective by discussing the current issues of the infant industries argument. Finally, it asks the question, if List’s theory is still valid.
Author: Matthias Hilgert
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3638373584
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Book Description
Essay from the year 2005 in the subject Economics - International Economic Relations, grade: very good (UK: grade A, mark 7), University of Glasgow (Center of Development Studies), course: International Trade, language: English, abstract: The infant industry argument is one of the most famous arguments for protection against free international trade. The argument claims that protection is justified for new industries especially in less developed countries in order to establish them sufficiently. These infant industries are unable to compete with the old and well established industries located mostly in developed countries. The main reasons are differences in efficiency in production, information, knowledge and capital endowment (Suranovic, 2004). Since Friedrich List (1789-1846) had developed this argument at the beginning of the Nineteenth Century, since then infant industry protection has been immensely criticized among economists. Most economists agree to some reasonable circumstances that would justify the temporary and limited protection of an infant industry (Melitz, 1999). Nevertheless, there is a big community of opponents who claim that protection is likely to be only the second-best policy rather than the firstbest policy (Suranovic, 2004). Despite this opposition, almost all countries of the world have developed their industrial base by applying to infant industry protection (Krugman and Obstfeld, 2003 and Shafaeddin, 1998). This essay aims to examine Friedrich List’s theory of the infant industry argument in detail. First, it explores the origin of List’s theory by giving a general explanation and some background information, by identifying the pattern of protection and by examining the justification for his theory. Secondly, it critically examines List’s theory under a contemporary perspective by discussing the current issues of the infant industries argument. Finally, it asks the question, if List’s theory is still valid.
Author: Ha-Joon Chang
Publisher: Anthem Press
ISBN: 0857287613
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
How did the rich countries really become rich? In this provocative study, Ha-Joon Chang examines the great pressure on developing countries from the developed world to adopt certain 'good policies' and 'good institutions', seen today as necessary for economic development. His conclusions are compelling and disturbing: that developed countries are attempting to 'kick away the ladder' with which they have climbed to the top, thereby preventing developing countries from adopting policies and institutions that they themselves have used.
Author: Friedrich List
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 434
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Book Description
Author: Harald Hagemann
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351245171
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 272
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Book Description
As the world grapples with increased globalization and technological change, Friedrich List’s work appears more relevant than ever before. His theory of "productive powers" and his argument for protecting infant industries give us a valuable way of looking at innovation systems, winners and losers in international trade, and the current shift towards economic and political nationalism. Comprising fifteen specially commissioned chapters from a range of international scholars, this book explores many aspects of List’s economic thought, including industrial development, political economy, the economics of education, infrastructure and catching-up processes in Asian economies. This volume will be illuminating reading for advanced students and researchers in the history of economic thought, economic history, economic policy and international trade.
Author: Jomo Kwame Sundaram
Publisher: Zed Books
ISBN: 9781842776452
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
A survey of the main influences on the development of modern development economics.
Author: Jacob Viner
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1315409593
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 555
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Book Description
In this book, originally published in 1937, Jacob Viner traces, in a series of studies of contemporary source-material, the evolution of the modern orthodox theory of international trade from its beginnings in the revolt against English mercantilism in the 17th and 18th centuries, through the English currency and tariff controversies of the 19th century, to the late 20th century. The author offers a detailed examination of controversies in the technical literature centering on important propositions of the classical and neo-classical economists relating to the theory of the mechanism of international trade and the theory of gain from trade.
Author: Andrea Maneschi
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 9781781956243
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
'Historians of international trade and trade theory, intellectual historians, and students of trade theory will all benefit from Andrea Maneschi's masterful work, which takes the reader through a considerable amount of the primary literature and presents technical models of international trade with great clarity.' - Sandra Peart, The International History Review
Author: Robert Howse
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134667485
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 640
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Book Description
The Regulation of International Trade 2nd Edition introduces the rules and institutions that govern international trade. The authors base their analysis on aspects of the subject from classic and contemporary literature on trade and political economy. This new edition has been fully updated to take account of the most recent developments in International Trade. New issues covered include: trade and competition trade and labour rights the Multilateral Agreement on Investment the Basic Telecoms and Financial Services WTO Agreements an analysis of the first three years of WTO dispute rulings, including those of Appelate Body. Drawing on the success of the earlier edition, this comprehensive and up to date text will be an invaluable guide to students of economics, law, politics and international relations.
Author: Jagdish Bhagwati
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199838968
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 346
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Book Description
In the passionate debate that currently rages over globalization, critics have been heard blaming it for a host of ills afflicting poorer nations, everything from child labor to environmental degradation and cultural homogenization. Now Jagdish Bhagwati, the internationally renowned economist, takes on the critics, revealing that globalization, when properly governed, is in fact the most powerful force for social good in the world today. Drawing on his unparalleled knowledge of international and development economics, Bhagwati explains why the "gotcha" examples of the critics are often not as compelling as they seem. With the wit and wisdom for which he is renowned, Bhagwati convincingly shows that globalization is part of the solution, not part of the problem. This edition features a new afterword by the author, in which he counters recent writings by prominent journalist Thomas Friedman and the Nobel Laureate economist Paul Samuelson and argues that current anxieties about the economic implications of globalization are just as unfounded as were the concerns about its social effects.
Author: Mehdi Shafaeddin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Industrialization
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
The purpose of this study is to clarify some confusion surrounding the infant industry argument presented by Frederick List. Its main contribution is to show that List recommended selective, rather than across-the-board, protection of infant industries and that he was against neither international trade nor export expansion. In fact, he emphasizes the importance of trade and envisages free trade as an ultimate aim of all nations; he regards protection as an instrument for achieving development, massive export expansion and ultimately free trade. List's theory was a dynamic one, with dimensions of time and geography. Making a distinction between 'universal association' and national interest, he argues that infant industry protection is necessary for countries at early stages of industrialization if some countries 'outdistanced others in manufactures'. Nevertheless, protection should be temporary, targeted and not excessive. Domestic competition should in due course be introduced, preceded by planned, gradual and targeted trade liberalization. List guards, however, against premature liberalization. He is aware of the limitation of size for infant industry protection but claims that in most cases this obstacle could be overcome through collaboration with other countries. To List, trade policy is not a panacea; it is an element in his general theory of 'productive power' (development); industrial development also requires a host of other socio-economic measures. The infant industry argument is not only still valid, if properly applied, but, in fact, it is at present even more relevant owing to recent technological revolution and changes in the organization of production. But despite this increased need, the means to achieving it have been restricted by international trade rules. The study also refers to significant incidences of targeted protection of production and exports in advanced countries, while universal and across-the-board liberalization is recommended for developing countries. International trade rules need to be revised to aim at achieving a fair trading system, in which the differential situations of countries at various stages of development are taken into greater consideration. Universal free trade may be easier for developing countries to implement th an a dynamic and targeted trade policy; but 'easiness' is not a substitute for 'soundness'. It is emphasized, however, that, as List maintained, after a point in time trade should be liberalized selectively and gradually, aiming at the ultimate goal of free trade when all nations have reached the same level of development.
