Author: Richard F. Grimmett
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437920608
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 30
Book Description
Lists hundreds of instances in which the U.S. has used its armed forces abroad in situations of military conflict or potential conflict or for other than normal peacetime purposes. Provides a survey of past U.S. military ventures abroad, without reference to the magnitude of the given instance noted. The instances differ in number of forces, purpose, extent of hostilities, and legal authorization. Eleven times in its history the U.S. has formally declared war against foreign nations. More recent instances often involve deployment of U.S. military forces as part of a multinational operation assoc. with NATO or the U.N. The majority of the instances listed prior to WW2 were brief Marine or Navy actions to protect U.S. citizens or promote U.S. interests.
Instances of Use of United States Armed Forces Abroad, 1798-2008
Author: Richard F. Grimmett
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437920608
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 30
Book Description
Lists hundreds of instances in which the U.S. has used its armed forces abroad in situations of military conflict or potential conflict or for other than normal peacetime purposes. Provides a survey of past U.S. military ventures abroad, without reference to the magnitude of the given instance noted. The instances differ in number of forces, purpose, extent of hostilities, and legal authorization. Eleven times in its history the U.S. has formally declared war against foreign nations. More recent instances often involve deployment of U.S. military forces as part of a multinational operation assoc. with NATO or the U.N. The majority of the instances listed prior to WW2 were brief Marine or Navy actions to protect U.S. citizens or promote U.S. interests.
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437920608
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 30
Book Description
Lists hundreds of instances in which the U.S. has used its armed forces abroad in situations of military conflict or potential conflict or for other than normal peacetime purposes. Provides a survey of past U.S. military ventures abroad, without reference to the magnitude of the given instance noted. The instances differ in number of forces, purpose, extent of hostilities, and legal authorization. Eleven times in its history the U.S. has formally declared war against foreign nations. More recent instances often involve deployment of U.S. military forces as part of a multinational operation assoc. with NATO or the U.N. The majority of the instances listed prior to WW2 were brief Marine or Navy actions to protect U.S. citizens or promote U.S. interests.
Instances of Use of United States Armed Forces Abroad, 1798-2010
Author: Richard F. Grimmett
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437983359
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 34
Book Description
This report lists hundreds of instances in which the U.S. has used its armed forces abroad in situations of military conflict or potential conflict or for other than normal peacetime purposes. It was compiled in part from various older lists and is intended primarily to provide a rough survey of past U.S. military ventures abroad, without reference to the magnitude of the given instance noted. The listing often contains references, especially from 1980 forward, to continuing military deployments especially U.S. military participation in multi-national operations associated with NATO or the U.N. Most of these post-1980 instances are summaries based on Presidential reports to Congress related to the War Powers Resolution. This is a print on demand report.
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437983359
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 34
Book Description
This report lists hundreds of instances in which the U.S. has used its armed forces abroad in situations of military conflict or potential conflict or for other than normal peacetime purposes. It was compiled in part from various older lists and is intended primarily to provide a rough survey of past U.S. military ventures abroad, without reference to the magnitude of the given instance noted. The listing often contains references, especially from 1980 forward, to continuing military deployments especially U.S. military participation in multi-national operations associated with NATO or the U.N. Most of these post-1980 instances are summaries based on Presidential reports to Congress related to the War Powers Resolution. This is a print on demand report.
Encyclopedia of U.S. Military Interventions in Latin America [2 volumes]
Author: Alan McPherson
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN: 1598842609
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 850
Book Description
This unique reference shows how the United States has intervened militarily, politically, and economically in Central America, South America, and the Caribbean from the early 19th century to the present day. What do baseball, American war crimes, and a slice of watermelon have in common in the annals of Latin American history? Believe it or not, this disparate grouping reflects the cultural and historical remnants of America's military and political involvement in the region. As early as 1811, the United States began intervening in the affairs of Central America, South America, and the Caribbean ... and it hasn't stopped since. This compelling reference analyzes both the major interventions and minor conflicts stemming from our nation's military operations in these areas and examines the people, places, legislation, and strategies that contributed to these events. In addition to documented facts and figures, the alphabetically organized entries in Encyclopedia of U.S. Military Interventions in Latin America present fascinating anecdotes on the subject, including why the United States once invaded Panama over a slice of watermelon, how an intervention in Nicaragua landed our country on trial for war crimes, and how the popularity of baseball in Latin America is a direct result of American influence. Primary source documents and visual aids accompany the content.
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN: 1598842609
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 850
Book Description
This unique reference shows how the United States has intervened militarily, politically, and economically in Central America, South America, and the Caribbean from the early 19th century to the present day. What do baseball, American war crimes, and a slice of watermelon have in common in the annals of Latin American history? Believe it or not, this disparate grouping reflects the cultural and historical remnants of America's military and political involvement in the region. As early as 1811, the United States began intervening in the affairs of Central America, South America, and the Caribbean ... and it hasn't stopped since. This compelling reference analyzes both the major interventions and minor conflicts stemming from our nation's military operations in these areas and examines the people, places, legislation, and strategies that contributed to these events. In addition to documented facts and figures, the alphabetically organized entries in Encyclopedia of U.S. Military Interventions in Latin America present fascinating anecdotes on the subject, including why the United States once invaded Panama over a slice of watermelon, how an intervention in Nicaragua landed our country on trial for war crimes, and how the popularity of baseball in Latin America is a direct result of American influence. Primary source documents and visual aids accompany the content.
America's Priorities
Author: Charles Konigsberg
Publisher: AuthorHouse
ISBN: 143436013X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 454
Book Description
Could there be anything more exciting and blessed assurance in our life than knowing that the creator of the universe loves us? That is what this book "God's love in 3-dimensions" is about, God's love for us, and His designed purpose for our lives; Reflecting back over more than forty years of service in the Body of Christ; I have found the most important things to be taught and expressed, to bring love and unity, and success to the life of the Church, and to our personal lives are, "God's love for us," "Our love for God," and "Our love for one another." For the success and the life of the Church, and for our personal lives, God's love must prevail. "God's Love in 3-dimensions" reiterates the plea of the writings of our Lord's Apostles, and the prayer of our Lord, for love and unity. The apostles of our Lord pleaded for us throughout the scriptures to have love and unity through the Spirit of God's love. Jesus our Lord prayed for God's unity and love for His followers; "that all of them may be one, Father, just as you are in Me and I am in You." "I have made You known to them, and will continue to make You known in order that the love You have for Me may be in them and that I Myself may be in them."(John 17:21&26). What great accomplishments and success await us when we walk in unity with our Lord and Heavenly Father. The greatness of God's love, joy and peace fills our hearts, souls and minds, providing divine direction and assurance as we walk in our Lord's Spirit of love. And what great accomplishments have been made by the body of Christ when our Lord's love and unity prevail among His body members, when working together in the directives and spirit of their Lord. What creates and produces unity with the Heavenly Father, within us, and within the body of Christ?
Publisher: AuthorHouse
ISBN: 143436013X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 454
Book Description
Could there be anything more exciting and blessed assurance in our life than knowing that the creator of the universe loves us? That is what this book "God's love in 3-dimensions" is about, God's love for us, and His designed purpose for our lives; Reflecting back over more than forty years of service in the Body of Christ; I have found the most important things to be taught and expressed, to bring love and unity, and success to the life of the Church, and to our personal lives are, "God's love for us," "Our love for God," and "Our love for one another." For the success and the life of the Church, and for our personal lives, God's love must prevail. "God's Love in 3-dimensions" reiterates the plea of the writings of our Lord's Apostles, and the prayer of our Lord, for love and unity. The apostles of our Lord pleaded for us throughout the scriptures to have love and unity through the Spirit of God's love. Jesus our Lord prayed for God's unity and love for His followers; "that all of them may be one, Father, just as you are in Me and I am in You." "I have made You known to them, and will continue to make You known in order that the love You have for Me may be in them and that I Myself may be in them."(John 17:21&26). What great accomplishments and success await us when we walk in unity with our Lord and Heavenly Father. The greatness of God's love, joy and peace fills our hearts, souls and minds, providing divine direction and assurance as we walk in our Lord's Spirit of love. And what great accomplishments have been made by the body of Christ when our Lord's love and unity prevail among His body members, when working together in the directives and spirit of their Lord. What creates and produces unity with the Heavenly Father, within us, and within the body of Christ?
The American Way of War
Author: Eugene Jarecki
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 1416565329
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 511
Book Description
In the sobering aftermath of America's invasion of Iraq, Eugene Jarecki, the creator of the award-winning documentary Why We Fight, launches a penetrating and revelatory inquiry into how forces within the American political, economic, and military systems have come to undermine the carefully crafted structure of our republic -- upsetting its balance of powers, vastly strengthening the hand of the president in taking the nation to war, and imperiling the workings of American democracy. This is a story not of simple corruption but of the unexpected origins of a more subtle and, in many ways, more worrisome disfiguring of our political system and society. While in no way absolving George W. Bush and his inner circle of their accountability for misguiding the country into a disastrous war -- in fact, Jarecki sheds new light on the deepest underpinnings of how and why they did so -- he reveals that the forty-third president's predisposition toward war and Congress's acquiescence to his wishes must be understood as part of a longer story. This corrupting of our system was predicted by some of America's leading military and political minds. In his now legendary 1961 farewell address, President Dwight D. Eisenhower warned of "the disastrous rise of misplaced power" that could result from the increasing influence of what he called the "military industrial complex." Nearly two centuries earlier, another general turned president, George Washington, had warned that "overgrown military establishments" were antithetical to republican liberties. Today, with an exploding defense budget, millions of Americans employed in the defense sector, and more than eight hundred U.S. military bases in 130 countries, the worst fears of Washington and Eisenhower have come to pass. Surveying a scorched landscape of America's military adventures and misadventures, Jarecki's groundbreaking account includes interviews with a who's who of leading figures in the Bush administration, Congress, the military, academia, and the defense industry, including Republican presidential nominee John McCain, Colin Powell's former chief of staff Colonel Lawrence Wilkerson, and longtime Pentagon reformer Franklin "Chuck" Spinney. Their insights expose the deepest roots of American war making, revealing how the "Arsenal of Democracy" that crucially secured American victory in WWII also unleashed the tangled web of corruption America now faces. From the republic's earliest episodes of war to the use of the atom bomb against Japan to the passage of the 1947 National Security Act to the Cold War's creation of an elaborate system of military-industrial-congressional collusion, American democracy has drifted perilously from the intent of its founders. As Jarecki powerfully argues, only concerted action by the American people can, and must, compel the nation back on course. The American Way of War is a deeply thoughtprovoking study of how America reached a historic crossroads and of how recent excesses of militarism and executive power may provide an opening for the redirection of national priorities.
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 1416565329
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 511
Book Description
In the sobering aftermath of America's invasion of Iraq, Eugene Jarecki, the creator of the award-winning documentary Why We Fight, launches a penetrating and revelatory inquiry into how forces within the American political, economic, and military systems have come to undermine the carefully crafted structure of our republic -- upsetting its balance of powers, vastly strengthening the hand of the president in taking the nation to war, and imperiling the workings of American democracy. This is a story not of simple corruption but of the unexpected origins of a more subtle and, in many ways, more worrisome disfiguring of our political system and society. While in no way absolving George W. Bush and his inner circle of their accountability for misguiding the country into a disastrous war -- in fact, Jarecki sheds new light on the deepest underpinnings of how and why they did so -- he reveals that the forty-third president's predisposition toward war and Congress's acquiescence to his wishes must be understood as part of a longer story. This corrupting of our system was predicted by some of America's leading military and political minds. In his now legendary 1961 farewell address, President Dwight D. Eisenhower warned of "the disastrous rise of misplaced power" that could result from the increasing influence of what he called the "military industrial complex." Nearly two centuries earlier, another general turned president, George Washington, had warned that "overgrown military establishments" were antithetical to republican liberties. Today, with an exploding defense budget, millions of Americans employed in the defense sector, and more than eight hundred U.S. military bases in 130 countries, the worst fears of Washington and Eisenhower have come to pass. Surveying a scorched landscape of America's military adventures and misadventures, Jarecki's groundbreaking account includes interviews with a who's who of leading figures in the Bush administration, Congress, the military, academia, and the defense industry, including Republican presidential nominee John McCain, Colin Powell's former chief of staff Colonel Lawrence Wilkerson, and longtime Pentagon reformer Franklin "Chuck" Spinney. Their insights expose the deepest roots of American war making, revealing how the "Arsenal of Democracy" that crucially secured American victory in WWII also unleashed the tangled web of corruption America now faces. From the republic's earliest episodes of war to the use of the atom bomb against Japan to the passage of the 1947 National Security Act to the Cold War's creation of an elaborate system of military-industrial-congressional collusion, American democracy has drifted perilously from the intent of its founders. As Jarecki powerfully argues, only concerted action by the American people can, and must, compel the nation back on course. The American Way of War is a deeply thoughtprovoking study of how America reached a historic crossroads and of how recent excesses of militarism and executive power may provide an opening for the redirection of national priorities.
Irregular Soldiers and Rebellious States
Author: Michael P. Noonan
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 1442271310
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 206
Book Description
With the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq seemingly drawing down, and with new calls to focus on the threats of great power competition posed by states such as China and Russia on the rise, what will happen to U.S. capabilities for dealing with conflicts that occur in messy political-military environments? Irregular Soldiers and Rebellious States offers, for both expert and non-expert audiences, a useful typology and background for examining interventions where U.S. advisors and forces operating on a small-scale basis will either work with a foreign government to help defend it from threats of subversion or insurgency (known as Foreign Internal Defense) or to assist insurgents or guerrilla forces in countering a hostile regime (known as Unconventional Warfare). It uses nine examples to illustrate how the U.S.—and the British in one case—used such capabilities in either limited or assertive ways to defend (El Salvador, Philippines, Sahel, and Dhofar) or counter (Angola, Nicaragua, northern Iraq, and Afghanistan) foreign governments. Placing such interventions within the broader contexts of American military history and the cultures of the armed forces, it offers three key findings and six policy prescriptions for wisely and judiciously using these capabilities in the present and future.
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 1442271310
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 206
Book Description
With the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq seemingly drawing down, and with new calls to focus on the threats of great power competition posed by states such as China and Russia on the rise, what will happen to U.S. capabilities for dealing with conflicts that occur in messy political-military environments? Irregular Soldiers and Rebellious States offers, for both expert and non-expert audiences, a useful typology and background for examining interventions where U.S. advisors and forces operating on a small-scale basis will either work with a foreign government to help defend it from threats of subversion or insurgency (known as Foreign Internal Defense) or to assist insurgents or guerrilla forces in countering a hostile regime (known as Unconventional Warfare). It uses nine examples to illustrate how the U.S.—and the British in one case—used such capabilities in either limited or assertive ways to defend (El Salvador, Philippines, Sahel, and Dhofar) or counter (Angola, Nicaragua, northern Iraq, and Afghanistan) foreign governments. Placing such interventions within the broader contexts of American military history and the cultures of the armed forces, it offers three key findings and six policy prescriptions for wisely and judiciously using these capabilities in the present and future.
Characteristics of Successful U.S. Military Interventions
Author: Jennifer Kavanagh
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781977402271
Category : Intervention (International law)
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Using an original data set of 145 ground, air, and naval interventions from 1898 through 2016, this report identifies those factors that have made U.S. military interventions more or less successful at achieving their political objectives. While these objectives were often successfully achieved, about 63 percent of the time overall, levels of success have been declining over time as the United States has pursued increasingly ambitious objectives. The research combines statistical analysis and detailed case studies of three types of interventions -- combat, stability operations, and deterrence. The research highlights that the factors that promote the successful achievement of political objectives vary by the nature of the objective and the intervention. For example, sending additional ground forces may help to defeat adversaries in combat missions but may have a more contingent effect on success in institution-building in stability operations, where nonmilitary resources and pre-intervention planning may be especially vital. The report offers five main policy recommendations. First, planners should carefully match political objectives to strategy because factors that promote success vary substantially by objective type. Second, sending more forces does not always promote success, but for certain types of objectives and interventions, greater capabilities may be essential. Third, policymakers should have realistic expectations regarding the possibility of achieving highly ambitious objectives. Fourth, pre-intervention planning is crucial. Finally, policymakers should carefully evaluate the role that might be played by third parties, which is often under appreciated.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781977402271
Category : Intervention (International law)
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Using an original data set of 145 ground, air, and naval interventions from 1898 through 2016, this report identifies those factors that have made U.S. military interventions more or less successful at achieving their political objectives. While these objectives were often successfully achieved, about 63 percent of the time overall, levels of success have been declining over time as the United States has pursued increasingly ambitious objectives. The research combines statistical analysis and detailed case studies of three types of interventions -- combat, stability operations, and deterrence. The research highlights that the factors that promote the successful achievement of political objectives vary by the nature of the objective and the intervention. For example, sending additional ground forces may help to defeat adversaries in combat missions but may have a more contingent effect on success in institution-building in stability operations, where nonmilitary resources and pre-intervention planning may be especially vital. The report offers five main policy recommendations. First, planners should carefully match political objectives to strategy because factors that promote success vary substantially by objective type. Second, sending more forces does not always promote success, but for certain types of objectives and interventions, greater capabilities may be essential. Third, policymakers should have realistic expectations regarding the possibility of achieving highly ambitious objectives. Fourth, pre-intervention planning is crucial. Finally, policymakers should carefully evaluate the role that might be played by third parties, which is often under appreciated.
The 71F Advantage
Author: National Defense University Press
Publisher: NDU Press
ISBN: 1907521658
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 529
Book Description
Includes a foreword by Major General David A. Rubenstein. From the editor: "71F, or "71 Foxtrot," is the AOC (area of concentration) code assigned by the U.S. Army to the specialty of Research Psychology. Qualifying as an Army research psychologist requires, first of all, a Ph.D. from a research (not clinical) intensive graduate psychology program. Due to their advanced education, research psychologists receive a direct commission as Army officers in the Medical Service Corps at the rank of captain. In terms of numbers, the 71F AOC is a small one, with only 25 to 30 officers serving in any given year. However, the 71F impact is much bigger than this small cadre suggests. Army research psychologists apply their extensive training and expertise in the science of psychology and social behavior toward understanding, preserving, and enhancing the health, well being, morale, and performance of Soldiers and military families. As is clear throughout the pages of this book, they do this in many ways and in many areas, but always with a scientific approach. This is the 71F advantage: applying the science of psychology to understand the human dimension, and developing programs, policies, and products to benefit the person in military operations. This book grew out of the April 2008 biennial conference of U.S. Army Research Psychologists, held in Bethesda, Maryland. This meeting was to be my last as Consultant to the Surgeon General for Research Psychology, and I thought it would be a good idea to publish proceedings, which had not been done before. As Consultant, I'd often wished for such a document to help explain to people what it is that Army Research Psychologists "do for a living." In addition to our core group of 71Fs, at the Bethesda 2008 meeting we had several brand-new members, and a number of distinguished retirees, the "grey-beards" of the 71F clan. Together with longtime 71F colleagues Ross Pastel and Mark Vaitkus, I also saw an unusual opportunity to capture some of the history of the Army Research Psychology specialty while providing a representative sample of current 71F research and activities. It seemed to us especially important to do this at a time when the operational demands on the Army and the total force were reaching unprecedented levels, with no sign of easing, and with the Army in turn relying more heavily on research psychology to inform its programs for protecting the health, well being, and performance of Soldiers and their families."
Publisher: NDU Press
ISBN: 1907521658
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 529
Book Description
Includes a foreword by Major General David A. Rubenstein. From the editor: "71F, or "71 Foxtrot," is the AOC (area of concentration) code assigned by the U.S. Army to the specialty of Research Psychology. Qualifying as an Army research psychologist requires, first of all, a Ph.D. from a research (not clinical) intensive graduate psychology program. Due to their advanced education, research psychologists receive a direct commission as Army officers in the Medical Service Corps at the rank of captain. In terms of numbers, the 71F AOC is a small one, with only 25 to 30 officers serving in any given year. However, the 71F impact is much bigger than this small cadre suggests. Army research psychologists apply their extensive training and expertise in the science of psychology and social behavior toward understanding, preserving, and enhancing the health, well being, morale, and performance of Soldiers and military families. As is clear throughout the pages of this book, they do this in many ways and in many areas, but always with a scientific approach. This is the 71F advantage: applying the science of psychology to understand the human dimension, and developing programs, policies, and products to benefit the person in military operations. This book grew out of the April 2008 biennial conference of U.S. Army Research Psychologists, held in Bethesda, Maryland. This meeting was to be my last as Consultant to the Surgeon General for Research Psychology, and I thought it would be a good idea to publish proceedings, which had not been done before. As Consultant, I'd often wished for such a document to help explain to people what it is that Army Research Psychologists "do for a living." In addition to our core group of 71Fs, at the Bethesda 2008 meeting we had several brand-new members, and a number of distinguished retirees, the "grey-beards" of the 71F clan. Together with longtime 71F colleagues Ross Pastel and Mark Vaitkus, I also saw an unusual opportunity to capture some of the history of the Army Research Psychology specialty while providing a representative sample of current 71F research and activities. It seemed to us especially important to do this at a time when the operational demands on the Army and the total force were reaching unprecedented levels, with no sign of easing, and with the Army in turn relying more heavily on research psychology to inform its programs for protecting the health, well being, and performance of Soldiers and their families."
American Military History
Author: Daniel K. Blewett
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN: 1598844989
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 469
Book Description
In this companion volume to his 1995 bibliography of the same title, Daniel Blewett continues his foray into the vast literature of military studies. As did its predecessor, it covers land, air, and naval forces, primarily but not exclusively from a U.S. perspective, with the welcome emergence of small wars from publishing obscurity. In addition to identifying relevant organizations and associations, Blewett has gathered together the very best in chronologies, bibliographies, biographical dictionaries, indexes, journals abstracts, glossaries, and encyclopedias, each accompanied by a brief descriptive annotation. This work remains a pertinent addition to the general reference collections of public and academic libraries as well as special libraries, government documents collections, military and intelligence agency libraries, and historical societies and museums.
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN: 1598844989
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 469
Book Description
In this companion volume to his 1995 bibliography of the same title, Daniel Blewett continues his foray into the vast literature of military studies. As did its predecessor, it covers land, air, and naval forces, primarily but not exclusively from a U.S. perspective, with the welcome emergence of small wars from publishing obscurity. In addition to identifying relevant organizations and associations, Blewett has gathered together the very best in chronologies, bibliographies, biographical dictionaries, indexes, journals abstracts, glossaries, and encyclopedias, each accompanied by a brief descriptive annotation. This work remains a pertinent addition to the general reference collections of public and academic libraries as well as special libraries, government documents collections, military and intelligence agency libraries, and historical societies and museums.
Seminole War Artifacts & A History of the Forts of Florida
Author: Ralph Van Blarcom
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
ISBN: 1462877435
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 267
Book Description
Owner and Science Director of R & D for Florida Research & Development Laboratory. Has been in business for thirty five years. His business works within the Aquaculture Industry to develop medications and water conditioners for both the marine and freshwater fish hobby as well as the Aquaculture of farmed food fish. The companies expertise thrives on the cutting edge technology and is a strong contributor to the Fish Industry.
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
ISBN: 1462877435
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 267
Book Description
Owner and Science Director of R & D for Florida Research & Development Laboratory. Has been in business for thirty five years. His business works within the Aquaculture Industry to develop medications and water conditioners for both the marine and freshwater fish hobby as well as the Aquaculture of farmed food fish. The companies expertise thrives on the cutting edge technology and is a strong contributor to the Fish Industry.