Influences of Irrigation Practices on the Incidence of Botrytis Bunch Rot in Vineyards PDF Download
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Author: Samuel Epes Turner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 108
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Author: Samuel Epes Turner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 108
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Author: Radhika Iyer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 546
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Vine nutrition, particularly N application in wine grapes, is well known to enhance vine vigour and consequently grape and wine quality. Less is known about the interactive effects of N and irrigation on wine quality and Botrytis bunch rot incidence and severity. The Australian Wine Industry in its 5-year research plan (2002-07) identified Botrytis management strategies as a key area requiring a novel approach for minimizing fungicide application, which is critical to marketing of Australian wine both for the domestic and export markets. This study investigated the role of N nutrition and irrigation management for improving vine vigour, quality and yield of fruit through changes in canopy density and improving cuticular thickness of berries for Botrytis cinerea control using Chardonnay in two field-based (vineyard) trials and Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon in glasshouse-based trials. In the first and second year vineyard trials, 0,30 and 300 kg ha-1N were applied to the soil either with or without irrigation. Effects of N nutrition on B. cinerea infection were also investigated using varieties Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon in glasshouse trials under controlled conditions. Nitrogen (N) application in the glasshouse trials ranged from 25-400 kg ha-1. A leaf bioassay was developed to investigate the infection on leaves across varying N levels. Additional studies looked at effects of N treatment on the severity of B. cinerea infection in berries and resveratrol (stilbenes) in grape leaves, berries and wine in vineyards. In both vineyards, the N applied did not result in significant changes in canopy density, shoot length, yield, or wine quality parameters (OBrix, pH, acidity, total phenols, and N in berries). Also, no significant differences were seen in different levels of N treatment with respect to B. cinerea severity, and stilbene levels in vines over a 2-year period. In glasshouse trials, low N levels (25 kg ha-1) resulted in reduced shoot vigour, low yields and high susceptibility to infection. In contrast, N applications (200 and 400 kg ha-1) maximized vigour (wet cane weight) and imparted resistance in Chardonnay against B. cinerea infection. In Cabernet Sauvignon, the highest level of N application (400 kg ha-1) proved most beneficial in improving vigour and resistance against B. cinerea infection. Preliminary (qualitative) studies on the wax morphology of the berry surface using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed delayed secondary wax plate formation during the veraison period in some replicates of the high N and no irrigation treatment. Further intensive studies would be needed to explore this observation. Light microscopy studies performed to assess the cuticular thickness of the berry at different N treatments did not show any appreciable changes at different stages of berry growth. Field experimental results have implications for farmers and suggest that in regions where vines and soil are not deficient in N, grape growers could avoid excessive soil application of N fertilisers and irrigation to enhance vine vigour for minimizing B. cinerea infection.
Author: Steven David Savage
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Grapes
Languages : en
Pages : 162
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Author: Mary Elizabeth Land
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 86
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Author: Wesley D. Lowrey
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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A study was devised to evaluate influences of irrigation and fertigation practices on Vitis vinifera and Vitis labruscana grapes in the Niagara Peninsula. A modified FAO Penman- Monteith evapotranspiration formula was used to calculate water budgets and schedule irrigations. Five deficit irrigation treatments (non-irrigated control; deficits imposed postbloom, lag phase, and veraison; fiiU season irrigation) were employed in a Chardonnay vineyard. Transpiration rate (4-7 /xg H20/cmVs) and soil moisture data demonstrated that the control and early deficit treatments were under water stress throughout the season. The fiiU season irrigation treatment showed an 18% (2001) and 19% (2002) increase in yield over control due to increased berry weight. Soluble solids and wine quality were not compromised, and the fiiU season treatment showed similar or higher °Brix than all other treatments. Berry titratable acidity andpH also fell within acceptable levels for all five treatments. Irrigation/fertigation timing trials were conducted on Concord and Niagara vines in 2001- 02. The six Concord treatments consisted of a non-irrigated control, irrigation fi^om Eichhom and Lorenz (EL) stage 12 to harvest, and four fertigation treatments which applied 70 kg/ha urea. The nine Niagara treatments included a non-irrigated control, two irrigated treatments (ceasing at veraison and harvest, respectively) and six fertigation treatments of various durations. Slight yield increases (ca. 10% in Concord; 29% in Niagara) were accompanied by small decreases in soluble solids (1.5°Brix), and methyl anthranilate concentrations. Transpiration rate and soil moisture (1 1.9-16.3%) data suggested that severe water stress was present in these Toledo clay based vineyards.
Author: Gabriel Balint
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Hector Mauricio Escamilla-Santana
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Grapes
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Author: LARRY J. BETTIGA
Publisher: UCANR Publications
ISBN: 1601078005
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 625
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In the much anticipated 3rd edition of Grape Pest Management, more than 70 research scientists, cooperative extension advisors and specialists, growers, and pest control advisers have consolidated the latest scientific studies and research into one handy reference. The result is a comprehensive, easy-to-read pest management tool. The new edition, the first in over a decade, includes several new invasive species that are now major pests. It also reflects an improved understanding among researchers, farmers, and growers about the biology of pests. With nine expansive chapters, helpful, colorful photos throughout, here’s more of what you’ll find: •Diagnostic techniques for identifying vineyard problems •Detailed descriptions of more than a dozen diseases •Comprehensive, illustrated listings of insect and mite pests,including the recently emerging glassy winged sharpshooter and Virginia creeper leaf-hopper •Regional calendars of events for viticultural management •Up-to-date strategies for vegetation management
Author: Russell Paul Smithyman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Grapes
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Author: Richard Paul Buchner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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