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Author: Carveth Read
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Logic
Languages : en
Pages : 404
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Book Description
Author: Carveth Read
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Logic
Languages : en
Pages : 404
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Book Description
Author: Friedrich Stadler
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9781402019678
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 376
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Book Description
The articles in this volume deal with the main inferential methods that can be applied to different kinds of experimental evidence. These contributions - accompanied with critical comments - by renowned scholars in the field of philosophy of science aim at removing the traditional opposition between inductivists and deductivists. They explore the different methods of explanation and justification in the sciences in different contexts and with different objectives. The volume contains contributions on methods of the sciences, especially on induction, deduction, abduction, laws, probability and explanation, ranging from logic, mathematics, natural to the social sciences. They present a highly topical pluralist re-evaluation of methodological and foundational procedures and reasoning, e.g. focusing in Bayesianism and Artificial Intelligence. They document the second international conference in Vienna on "Induction and Deduction in the Sciences" as part of the Scientific Network on "Historical and Contemporary Perspectives of Philosophy of Science in Europe", funded by the European Science Foundation (ESF).
Author: Erwin B. Montgomery (Jr.)
Publisher:
ISBN: 0190912928
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 297
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Book Description
Modern medicine is one of humankind's greatest achievements.Yet today, frequent medical errors and irreproducibility in biomedical research suggest that tremendous challenges beset it. Understanding these challenges and trying to remedy them have driven considerable and thoughtful critical analyses, but the apparent intransigence of these problems suggests a different perspective is needed. Now more than ever, when we see options and opportunities for healthcare expanding while resources are diminishing, it is extremely important that healthcare professionals practice medicine wisely. In Medical Reasoning, neurologist Erwin B. Montgomery, Jr. offers a new and vital perspective. He begins with the idea that the need for certainty in medical decision-making has been the primary driving force in medical reasoning. Doctors must routinely confront countless manifestations of symptoms, diseases, or behaviors in their patients. Therefore, either there are as many different "diseases" as there are patients or some economical set of principles and facts can be combined to explain each patient's disease. The response to this epistemic conundrum has driven medicine throughout history: the challenge is to discover principles and facts and then to develop means to apply them to each unique patient in a manner that provides certainty. This book studies the nature of medical decision making systematically and rigorously in both an analytic and historical context, addressing medicine's unique need for certainty in the face of the enormous variety of diseases and in the manifestations of the same disease in different patients. The book also examines how the social, legal, and economic circumstances in which medical decision-making occurs greatly influence the nature of medical reasoning. Medical Reasoning is essential for those at the intersection of healthcare and philosophy.
Author: United States. Work Projects Administration (Calif.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : California, Southern
Languages : en
Pages : 58
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Book Description
Author: P.A. Flach
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401706069
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 317
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Book Description
From the very beginning of their investigation of human reasoning, philosophers have identified two other forms of reasoning, besides deduction, which we now call abduction and induction. Deduction is now fairly well understood, but abduction and induction have eluded a similar level of understanding. The papers collected here address the relationship between abduction and induction and their possible integration. The approach is sometimes philosophical, sometimes that of pure logic, and some papers adopt the more task-oriented approach of AI. The book will command the attention of philosophers, logicians, AI researchers and computer scientists in general.
Author: Mark Zegarelli
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0471799416
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 384
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Book Description
A straightforward guide to logic concepts Logic concepts are more mainstream than you may realize. There’s logic every place you look and in almost everything you do, from deciding which shirt to buy to asking your boss for a raise, and even to watching television, where themes of such shows as CSI and Numbers incorporate a variety of logistical studies. Logic For Dummies explains a vast array of logical concepts and processes in easy-to-understand language that make everything clear to you, whether you’re a college student of a student of life. You’ll find out about: Formal Logic Syllogisms Constructing proofs and refutations Propositional and predicate logic Modal and fuzzy logic Symbolic logic Deductive and inductive reasoning Logic For Dummies tracks an introductory logic course at the college level. Concrete, real-world examples help you understand each concept you encounter, while fully worked out proofs and fun logic problems encourage you students to apply what you’ve learned.
Author: Russell K. Schutt
Publisher: SAGE Publications
ISBN: 1506361234
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 729
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Book Description
This comprehensive and balanced text has been written so that the "doing" of social research is closely and consistently linked to important social issues by using real social data. End-of-chapter discussion questions, research proposal development exercises and SPSS exercises help measure and enhance students’ understanding.
Author: Aksel Tjora
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351396951
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Book Description
This book provides thorough guidance on various forms of data generation and analysis, presenting a model for the research process in which detailed data analysis and generalization through the development of concepts are central. Based on an inductive principle, which begins with raw data and moves towards concepts or theories through incremental deductive feedback loops, the ‘stepwise-deductive induction’ approach advanced by the author focuses on the analysis phase in research. Concentrating on creativity, structuring of analytical work, and collaborative development of generic knowledge, it seeks to enable researchers to extend their insight of a subject area without having personally to study all the data generated throughout a project. A constructive alternative to Grounded Theory, the approach advanced here is centred on qualitative research that aims at developing concepts, models, or theories on basis of a gradual paradigm to reduce complexity. As such, it will appeal to scholars and students across the social sciences with interests in methods and the analysis of qualitative data of various kinds.
Author: Donald M. Borchert
Publisher: Macmillan Reference USA
ISBN: 9780028646510
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The first English-language reference of its kind, The Encyclopedia of Philosophy was hailed as 'a remarkable and unique work' (Saturday Review) that contained 'the international who's who of philosophy and cultural history' (Library Journal).
Author: Louis F. Groarke
Publisher: McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
ISBN: 0773575766
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 480
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Book Description
In An Aristotelian Account of Induction Groarke discusses the intellectual process through which we access the "first principles" of human thought - the most basic concepts, the laws of logic, the universal claims of science and metaphysics, and the deepest moral truths. Following Aristotle and others, Groarke situates the first stirrings of human understanding in a creative capacity for discernment that precedes knowledge, even logic. Relying on a new historical study of philosophical theories of inductive reasoning from Aristotle to the twenty-first century, Groarke explains how Aristotle offers a viable solution to the so-called problem of induction, while offering new contributions to contemporary accounts of reasoning and argument and challenging the conventional wisdom about induction.
