Author: Mr.Benedict J. Clements
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451854234
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 34
Book Description
This paper examines trends in income distribution in Brazil and the determinants of income inequality, including social expenditure. While recent data reveal reduced income inequality since the Real Plan of July 1994, the distribution of income is still among the most unequal in the world. Among the most important determinants of income inequality in Brazil is extreme disparity in educational attainment levels. Public expenditures on education, health, and social insurance have tended to exacerbate income inequality. A number of options for improving the equity and efficiency of Brazilian social expenditure merit further examination.
Income Distribution and Social Expenditure in Brazil
Author: Mr.Benedict J. Clements
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451854234
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 34
Book Description
This paper examines trends in income distribution in Brazil and the determinants of income inequality, including social expenditure. While recent data reveal reduced income inequality since the Real Plan of July 1994, the distribution of income is still among the most unequal in the world. Among the most important determinants of income inequality in Brazil is extreme disparity in educational attainment levels. Public expenditures on education, health, and social insurance have tended to exacerbate income inequality. A number of options for improving the equity and efficiency of Brazilian social expenditure merit further examination.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451854234
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 34
Book Description
This paper examines trends in income distribution in Brazil and the determinants of income inequality, including social expenditure. While recent data reveal reduced income inequality since the Real Plan of July 1994, the distribution of income is still among the most unequal in the world. Among the most important determinants of income inequality in Brazil is extreme disparity in educational attainment levels. Public expenditures on education, health, and social insurance have tended to exacerbate income inequality. A number of options for improving the equity and efficiency of Brazilian social expenditure merit further examination.
Income Distribution and Social Expenditure in Brazil
Author: Benedict Clements
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 33
Book Description
This paper examines trends in income distribution in Brazil and the determinants of income inequality, including social expenditure. While recent data reveal reduced income inequality since the Real Plan of July 1994, the distribution of income is still among the most unequal in the world. Among the most important determinants of income inequality in Brazil is extreme disparity in educational attainment levels. Public expenditures on education, health, and social insurance have tended to exacerbate income inequality. A number of options for improving the equity and efficiency of Brazilian social expenditure merit further examination.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 33
Book Description
This paper examines trends in income distribution in Brazil and the determinants of income inequality, including social expenditure. While recent data reveal reduced income inequality since the Real Plan of July 1994, the distribution of income is still among the most unequal in the world. Among the most important determinants of income inequality in Brazil is extreme disparity in educational attainment levels. Public expenditures on education, health, and social insurance have tended to exacerbate income inequality. A number of options for improving the equity and efficiency of Brazilian social expenditure merit further examination.
Inequality in Brazil: A Regional Perspective
Author: Carlos Góes
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1484324773
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 34
Book Description
In this study, we document the decline in income inequality and a convergence in consumption patterns in Brazilian states in a new database constructed from micro data from the national households’ survey. We adjust the state-Gini coefficients for spatial price differences using information on households’ rental prices available in the survey. In a panel regression framework, we find that labor income growth, formalization, and schooling contributed to the decline in inequality during 2004-14, but redistributive policies, such as Bolsa Família, have also played a positive role. Going forward, it will be important to phase out untargeted subsidies, such as public spending on tertiary education, and contain growth of public sector wages, to improve budgetary efficiency and protect gains in equality.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1484324773
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 34
Book Description
In this study, we document the decline in income inequality and a convergence in consumption patterns in Brazilian states in a new database constructed from micro data from the national households’ survey. We adjust the state-Gini coefficients for spatial price differences using information on households’ rental prices available in the survey. In a panel regression framework, we find that labor income growth, formalization, and schooling contributed to the decline in inequality during 2004-14, but redistributive policies, such as Bolsa Família, have also played a positive role. Going forward, it will be important to phase out untargeted subsidies, such as public spending on tertiary education, and contain growth of public sector wages, to improve budgetary efficiency and protect gains in equality.
Fiscal Adjustment and Income Inequality
Author: João Pedro Azevedo
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1484385535
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 31
Book Description
We combine state-level fiscal data with household survey data to assess the links between sub-national fiscal policy and income inequality in Brazil over the period 1995-2011. The results indicate that a tighter fiscal stance at the sub-national level is not associated with a deterioration in inequality measures. This finding contrasts with the conclusions of several papers in the burgeoning literature on the effects of fiscal consolidation on inequality using national data for OECD economies. In addition, we find that a tighter stance is typically positively associated with a measure of “shared prosperity”. Hence, our results caution against extrapolating policy implications of the literature focusing on advanced economies to other settings.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1484385535
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 31
Book Description
We combine state-level fiscal data with household survey data to assess the links between sub-national fiscal policy and income inequality in Brazil over the period 1995-2011. The results indicate that a tighter fiscal stance at the sub-national level is not associated with a deterioration in inequality measures. This finding contrasts with the conclusions of several papers in the burgeoning literature on the effects of fiscal consolidation on inequality using national data for OECD economies. In addition, we find that a tighter stance is typically positively associated with a measure of “shared prosperity”. Hence, our results caution against extrapolating policy implications of the literature focusing on advanced economies to other settings.
Social Inequalities in Brazil
Author: Laura Jakobeit
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3640841042
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 8
Book Description
Social equality is essential for every country, not only as an end itself, but also as tool for promoting economic growth (Skidmore, 2004).Brazil is one of the most unequal countries in the world, with a Gini Index of 0.567 in 2005 (CIA, 2010). Although this is still high and leaves Brazil the 10thmost unequal country out of 134, the inequalities are improving significantly (in 1998 the Index was 0.607). This essay will focus on two questions: What has caused the striking inequalities in Brazil? Why did these inequalities improvein the recent years?
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3640841042
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 8
Book Description
Social equality is essential for every country, not only as an end itself, but also as tool for promoting economic growth (Skidmore, 2004).Brazil is one of the most unequal countries in the world, with a Gini Index of 0.567 in 2005 (CIA, 2010). Although this is still high and leaves Brazil the 10thmost unequal country out of 134, the inequalities are improving significantly (in 1998 the Index was 0.607). This essay will focus on two questions: What has caused the striking inequalities in Brazil? Why did these inequalities improvein the recent years?
Economic Growth and Income Distribution in Brazil
Author:
Publisher: EdUSP
ISBN:
Category : Brazil
Languages : en
Pages : 236
Book Description
Discusses the design and implementation of public policies to promote economic growth with fair income distribution. Considers aspects of health, housing, social protection, educational needs, and related means of reducing inequality.
Publisher: EdUSP
ISBN:
Category : Brazil
Languages : en
Pages : 236
Book Description
Discusses the design and implementation of public policies to promote economic growth with fair income distribution. Considers aspects of health, housing, social protection, educational needs, and related means of reducing inequality.
Income Distribution
Author: Gian S. Sahota
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 254
Book Description
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 254
Book Description
Dividing the Pie in Brazil
Author: Jens Arnold
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Brazil
Languages : en
Pages : 34
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Brazil
Languages : en
Pages : 34
Book Description
Inequality, Democracy, and Growth in Brazil
Author: Marcos Mendes
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128019654
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 281
Book Description
In terms accessible to non-economists, Marcos José Mendes describes the ways democracy and inequality produce low growth in the short and medium terms. In the longer term, he argues that Brazil has two paths in front of it. One is to create the conditions necessary to boost economic performance and drive the country toward a high level of development. The other is to fail in untying the political knot that blocks growth, leaving it a middle-income country. The source of his contrasting futures for Brazil is inequality, which he demonstrates is a relevant variable in any discussion of economic growth. Inequality illuminates causes of seemingly-unconnected problems. This book, which includes freely-accessible documents and datasets, is the first in-depth analysis of an issue that promises to become increasingly prominent. - Contrasting visions of Brazil's future described in economic terms - Easy-to-understand graphs and tables illustrate analytical arguments - All Excel-based data available on a freely-accessible website
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128019654
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 281
Book Description
In terms accessible to non-economists, Marcos José Mendes describes the ways democracy and inequality produce low growth in the short and medium terms. In the longer term, he argues that Brazil has two paths in front of it. One is to create the conditions necessary to boost economic performance and drive the country toward a high level of development. The other is to fail in untying the political knot that blocks growth, leaving it a middle-income country. The source of his contrasting futures for Brazil is inequality, which he demonstrates is a relevant variable in any discussion of economic growth. Inequality illuminates causes of seemingly-unconnected problems. This book, which includes freely-accessible documents and datasets, is the first in-depth analysis of an issue that promises to become increasingly prominent. - Contrasting visions of Brazil's future described in economic terms - Easy-to-understand graphs and tables illustrate analytical arguments - All Excel-based data available on a freely-accessible website
Inequality and Economic Development in Brazil
Author: World Bank
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 308
Book Description
What makes Brazil so unequal? This title looks at this question and shows how inequalities weaken Brazil's economic development and what are the best policy options to reduce this inequity.
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 308
Book Description
What makes Brazil so unequal? This title looks at this question and shows how inequalities weaken Brazil's economic development and what are the best policy options to reduce this inequity.