In Vitro Evaluation of the Channel Catfish Ictalurus Punctatus (Rafinesque) as a Test Species in Chemical Carcinogenesis Studies PDF Download
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Author: DE. Hinton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Benzo[a]pyrene
Languages : en
Pages : 13
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Book Description
The ability of isolated subcellular fractions and cells from the liver of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque) to perform key steps in carcinogenesis was studied using the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) benzo[a]pyrene (BP). Highpressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of BP metabolism by catfish liver microsomal fraction revealed the formation of 9,10-diol BP; 4,5-diol BP; 7,8-diol BP; 9-OH BP; 3-OH BP; and quinones. When the microsomal fraction of catfish liver from fish pretreated with 3-methylcholanthrene was used, increased formation of 9,10-diol BP and 7,8-diol BP was seen. Postmitochondrial supernatant (S-9) of catfish liver incubated with required cofactors activated 2-acetylaminofluorene and BP into mutation-causing metabolites in a bacterial mutagen assay. Trypsin digestion of catfish liver was used to isolate 2.8 x 106 cells/g liver with 98 percent viability. Incubation of these cells after 1 day of culture with tritiated BP followed by autoradiographic localization showed preferential accumulation of BP over liver cell nuclei. Subsequent liquid scintillation analysis of cell fractions obtained by cesium chloride centrifugation revealed radioactivity in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fraction. Results of studies with microsomal fractions demonstrate the capacity of the liver mixed-function oxidase system (MFOS) of this species to metabolize carcinogens into mutagenic forms. Data with isolated cells indicate that activation reactions could result in the initiation of carcinogenesis within the intact liver and suggest the suitability of this species for carcinogen bioassay.
Author: DE. Hinton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Benzo[a]pyrene
Languages : en
Pages : 13
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Book Description
The ability of isolated subcellular fractions and cells from the liver of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque) to perform key steps in carcinogenesis was studied using the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) benzo[a]pyrene (BP). Highpressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of BP metabolism by catfish liver microsomal fraction revealed the formation of 9,10-diol BP; 4,5-diol BP; 7,8-diol BP; 9-OH BP; 3-OH BP; and quinones. When the microsomal fraction of catfish liver from fish pretreated with 3-methylcholanthrene was used, increased formation of 9,10-diol BP and 7,8-diol BP was seen. Postmitochondrial supernatant (S-9) of catfish liver incubated with required cofactors activated 2-acetylaminofluorene and BP into mutation-causing metabolites in a bacterial mutagen assay. Trypsin digestion of catfish liver was used to isolate 2.8 x 106 cells/g liver with 98 percent viability. Incubation of these cells after 1 day of culture with tritiated BP followed by autoradiographic localization showed preferential accumulation of BP over liver cell nuclei. Subsequent liquid scintillation analysis of cell fractions obtained by cesium chloride centrifugation revealed radioactivity in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fraction. Results of studies with microsomal fractions demonstrate the capacity of the liver mixed-function oxidase system (MFOS) of this species to metabolize carcinogens into mutagenic forms. Data with isolated cells indicate that activation reactions could result in the initiation of carcinogenesis within the intact liver and suggest the suitability of this species for carcinogen bioassay.
Author: D. R. Branson
Publisher: ASTM International
ISBN: 9780803107991
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 494
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher: ASTM International
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 475
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Book Description
Author: Harry Gelboin
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323153917
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Book Description
Polycyclic Hydrocarbons and Cancer, Volume 3 explores the link between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and cancer based on research in the fields of chemistry, biology, and the medical and social sciences. Topics covered include the metabolism of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons; carcinogenicity of PAHs and their derivatives; the role of microsomal epoxide hydrolase in the biotransformation of PAHs; and biochemical effects of the phorbol ester tumor promoters and their implications for PAH carcinogenesis. This volume consists of eight chapters and begins with a discussion on the mechanisms of PAH metabolism in the marine environment. The use of X-ray crystallographic techniques in studying carcinogenic PAHs and their derivatives is then considered, along with the involvement of dihydrodiols and diol epoxides in the metabolic activation of PAHs other than benzo[a]pyrene; the role of microsomal epoxide hydrolase in PAH biotransformation; and drug detoxication in relation to the excretion mechanism of chemical carcinogens. The following chapters focus on the anticarcinogenic or inhibitory effects of a variety of chemicals on PAH carcinogenesis; the biochemical effects of the phorbol ester tumor promoters on PAH carcinogenesis; and epidemiology of PAHs, with emphasis on quantification of the cancer risk from cigarette smoking and air pollution. This monograph will be of interest to investigators and educators concerned with scientific aspects of PAH research; government officials and elected representatives as well as industry leaders who must confront and solve the problems related to PAHs; and others in the fields of chemistry, biology, and the medical and social sciences.
Author: M. Al-Azab
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080457800
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
Situated within the richest oil area in the world, the Arabian Gulf represents a stressed ecosystem with scarce published data and environmental studies. The oil-related activities cause significant damages to different ecosystem components such as coral reefs, algal mats, mangrove and other habitats. In addition to the increasing potential of pollution and its adverse effect on the ecosystem, oil spills and relevant implications can severely affect the main source of desalinated water for the Gulf countries due to their limited water resources. Interest in pollution issues associated with Arabian Gulf has been growing in the last few years. These issues include identification and documentation of the major sources of oil pollution in the Gulf region, evaluation of the analytical methods used to identify the different types of pollutants, review of the recent advances in oil pollution impact treatment and prevention, develop stronger cooperation ties between interested members of the community, and encourage awareness of the oil pollution as a serious environmental problem in the region. This book compiles recent studies addressing the above issues grouped in four categories; monitoring and characterizing oil spills, modeling the fate of pollutants and oil slicks in marine water, environmental effects of oil pollution on the ecosystem components, and combating, prevention and treatment of oil pollution. * Studies oil pollution issues in association with the Arabian Gulf * Compiles recent case studies conducted in the Arabian Gulf * Addresses diverse topics related to pollution issues in the marine water in general and in the Arabian Gulf in particular
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geology
Languages : en
Pages : 400
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Book Description
Author: John F. Elder
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Toxicity testing
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Toxicology
Languages : en
Pages : 656
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Book Description
Includes notices of research projects submitted to the Smithsonian Science Information Exchange concerning toxicological testing.
Author: Usha Varanasi
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849368448
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 360
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Book Description
This book shows how the biological transport, bioaccumulation, disposition, and toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the aquatic environment are influenced by the ability or inability of organisms to metabolize these environmental pollutants. Written by leading scientists in the fields of PAH metabolism and toxicity in both aquatic and mammalian systems, this book discusses recent advances in the areas of PAH biogeochemistry and bioaccumulation, microbial degradation, enzymes of activation, and detoxication, metabolism of PAH, and laboratory and field studies on carcinogenic/toxic effects. Additionally, important similarities and differences in metabolism of PAH by aquatic and terrestrial organisms are featured. The discussion of bioavailability, metabolism, and subsequent toxic effects should aid in the assessment of the ecological consequences of PAH in the aquatic environment.
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation and the Environment
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cancer
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Book Description
