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Author: Judit E. Puskas
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461501253
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 214
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Book Description
This book is a collection of selected papers presented at the symposium titled "In situ Spectroscopy in Monomer and Polymer Synthesis," held at the April, 2001 ACS National Meeting in San Diego, California, USA. The co-organizers of this symposium were Timothy Long, Judit E. Puskas, Robson F. Storey, and J. Andrews. In situ spectroscopic monitoring is gaining popularity both in academia and industry. FfIR monitoring is used most frequently, but UV-visible, raman, and NMR spectroscopy are also important. This book concentrates mostly on FfIR monitoring, both in the near and mid-infrared ranges. The first chapter is a short general overview of FfIR spectroscopy, followed by the symposium contribu tions. We thought that this would be especially useful for student readers. We hope that the book will present a state-of-the-art overview of research related to in situ spectroscopic monitoring. -Judit E. Puskas ix Acknowledgments This book would not have been possible without the dedicated effort of the chapter contributors and the symposium committee: Professor Judit E. Puskas Professor Timothy Long Professor Robson F. Storey Professor J. Andrews The symposium was financially supported by: ACS-Petroleum Research Fund REMSPEC Co. Wyatt Technology Co.
Author: Judit E. Puskas
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461501253
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 214
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book is a collection of selected papers presented at the symposium titled "In situ Spectroscopy in Monomer and Polymer Synthesis," held at the April, 2001 ACS National Meeting in San Diego, California, USA. The co-organizers of this symposium were Timothy Long, Judit E. Puskas, Robson F. Storey, and J. Andrews. In situ spectroscopic monitoring is gaining popularity both in academia and industry. FfIR monitoring is used most frequently, but UV-visible, raman, and NMR spectroscopy are also important. This book concentrates mostly on FfIR monitoring, both in the near and mid-infrared ranges. The first chapter is a short general overview of FfIR spectroscopy, followed by the symposium contribu tions. We thought that this would be especially useful for student readers. We hope that the book will present a state-of-the-art overview of research related to in situ spectroscopic monitoring. -Judit E. Puskas ix Acknowledgments This book would not have been possible without the dedicated effort of the chapter contributors and the symposium committee: Professor Judit E. Puskas Professor Timothy Long Professor Robson F. Storey Professor J. Andrews The symposium was financially supported by: ACS-Petroleum Research Fund REMSPEC Co. Wyatt Technology Co.
Author: Yiu-Wing Mai
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 1845691121
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 613
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Book Description
Polymer nanocomposites are polymer matrices reinforced with nano-scale fillers. This new class of composite materials has shown enhanced optical, electrical and dielectric properties. This important book begins by examining the characteristics of the main types of polymer nanocomposites and then reviews their diverse applications.Part one focuses on polymer/nanoparticle composites, their synthesis, optical properties and electrical conductivity. Part two describes the electrical, dielectric and thermal behaviour of polymer/nanoplatelet composites, whilst polymer/nanotube composites are the subject of Part three. The processing and industrial applications of these nanocomposite materials are discussed in Part four, including uses in fuel cells, bioimaging and sensors as well as the manufacture and applications of electrospun polymer nanocomposite fibers, nanostructured transition metal oxides, clay nanofiller/epoxy nanocomposites, hybrid epoxy-silica-rubber nanocomposites and other rubber-based nanocomposites.Polymer nanocomposites: physical properties and applications is a valuable reference tool for both the research community and industry professionals wanting to learn about these materials and their applications in such areas as fuel cell, sensor and biomedical technology. - Gives a comprehensive review of polymer nanocomposites and their properties - A standard reference on this area - Written by distinguished editors and a international team of authors
Author: Krzysztof Pielichowski
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527828702
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 878
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Book Description
An all-in-one reference work covering the essential principles and techniques on thermal behavior and response of polymeric materials This book delivers a detailed understanding of the thermal behavior of polymeric materials evaluated by thermal analysis methods. It covers the most widely applied principles which are used in method development to substantiate what happens upon heating of polymers. It also reviews the key application areas of polymers in materials science. Edited by two experts in the field, the book covers a wide range of specific topics within the aforementioned categories of discussion, such as: Crucial thermal phenomena - glass transition, crystallization behavior and curing kinetics Polymeric materials that have gained considerable interest over the last decade The latest advancements in techniques related to the field, such as modulated temperature DSC and fast scanning calorimetry The recent advances in hyphenated techniques and their applications Polymer chemists, chemical engineers, materials scientists, and process engineers can use this comprehensive reference work to gain clarity on the topics discussed within and learn how to harness them in practical applications across a wide range of disciplines.
Author: Ahmed Busnaina
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420004921
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 432
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Book Description
Breakthroughs in nanotechnology have been coming at a rapid pace over the past few years. This was fueled by significant worldwide investments by governments and industry. But if these promising young technologies cannot begin to show commercial viability soon, that funding is in danger of disappearing as investors lose their appetites and the economic and scientific promise of nanotechnology may not be realized. Scrutinizing the barriers to commercial scale-up of nanotechnologies, the Nanomanufacturing Handbook presents a broad survey of the research being done to bring nanotechnology out of the laboratory and into the factory. Current research into nanotechnology focuses on the underlying science, but as this forward-looking handbook points out, the immediate need is for research into scale-up, process robustness, and system integration issues. Taking that message to heart, this book collects cutting-edge research from top experts who examine such topics as surface-programmed assembly, fabrication and applications of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) including nanoelectronics, manufacturing nanoelectrical contacts, room-temperature nanoimprint and nanocontact technologies, nanocontacts and switch reliability, defects and surface preparation, and other innovative, application-driven initiatives. In addition to these technical issues, the author provides a survey of the current state of nanomanufacturing in the United States—the first of its kind—and coverage also reaches into patenting nanotechnologies as well as regulatory and societal issues. With timely, authoritative coverage accompanied by numerous illustrations, the Nanomanufacturing Handbook clarifies the current challenges facing industrial-scale nanotechnologies and outlines advanced tools and strategies that will help overcome them.
Author: Clara D. Craver
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468419293
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 278
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Book Description
Physical and spectroscopic methods have been used jointly for characterization of polymers for at least four decades. Yet, new techniques permit increasingly refined determination of polymer chemistry and morphol ogy_ The correlation of this knowledge with physical properties of polymers is helpful to planned synthesis of new products. The most prominent spectroscopic techniques through the forties and fifties were infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy. Nuclear magnetic resonance, electron spin resonance and MOssbauer spectroscopy started making sig nificant contributions to polymer chemistry in the early sixties. Still more recently fluorescence spectroscopy and laser Raman spectroscopy have become readily appli cable to polymers and are contributing significantly to the understanding of the relationship between polymer structure and properties. Determination of the distribution of monomer se quences by molecular size has become possible through combined gel permeation chromatography and spectroscopic analysis. Fragments of polymers from chemical break down or from pyrolysis are further fractionated and structurally analyzed. The relationship between the chemistry of polymers and performance can be determined from changes in chemical structure and orientation after curing, degradation, or physical or thermal manipulation of the polymers.
Author: Margaret Gerthoffer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Strategies to synthesize sequence-defined polymers remain limited for industrial-scale applications, often due to time consuming iterative addition or polymerization methods possessing low functional group tolerances. Throughout my PhD, I have utilized both ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and pressure-induced polymerization to form sequence-defined polymers from deliberately designed A-B monomers. ROMP of electronically-biased paracyclophanedienes (pCpd) can form donor-acceptor poly(arylenevinylene)s. In addition, the pressure-induced polymerization of engineered aryl/perfluoroaryl (Ar/ArF) co-crystals translates into sequence-specific sp3-saturated copolymers known as nanothreads. Both polymerization methods form sequence-specific copolymers as dictated by the supramolecular monomer design. The ROMP of ring-strained pCpds containing dialkyloxybenzene donor and benzothiadiazole acceptor obtains well-defined polymers with ruthenium-based initiators. This design promotes favors sequence specificity between the electronically-activated dialkyloxybenzene and electronically-deficient benzothiadiazole that can guide the initiator homogenously during ring opening and polymerization events. During my PhD, I have discovered that the presence of sterically asymmetric alkyloxy groups (methoxy and octyloxy) on the donor further guides the polymerization process. I have elucidated that the steric effects of the alkyloxy donor group can further control the rate of well-defined donor-acceptor copolymer synthesis due to supramolecular interactions with ruthenium-based initiators. To expand on this, I targeted the synthesis of various alkyloxybenzene donor groups in both linear and branched substitutions to compare ROMP rate and polymer sequence definition with benzothiadiazole acceptors. The investigated pCpds formed well-defined polymers that did not prohibit ruthenium-catalyst attachment as confirmed by GPC and NMR spectroscopy. I have moreover been able to synthesize ladderane-like polymers known as nanothreads by the pressure-induced polymerization (23+ GPa) of alternating eclipsed stacks of aromatic cores in solid-state Ar/ArF co-crystals. I have designed monomer pairs through preorganization of Ar/ArF synthons with varied quadrupole, hydrogen, and halogen bonding to understand the design elements necessary to form substituted nanothreads at reduced pressure thresholds. For all co-crystals, supramolecular engineering has reduced polymerization pressures compared to individual components as confirmed through in situ Raman, NMR, and XRD spectroscopies under pressure. Phenol:pentafluorophenol illustrates strong hydrogen bonding that stabilizes interstack interactions under pressure to form nanothreads. However, I discovered that hydrogen bonding amongst external functionalities can prohibit facile compressibility if the direction aligns to the putative Ar/ArF thread axis. Direct intrastack hydrogen bonding can in fact increase the required pressure of polymerization (30 GPa+). Designing appropriate hydrogen bonding scaffolds in Ar/ArF co-crystals thus offers the ability to target sequence-controlled nanothread production at a reduced pressure.
Author: Ezat Khosravi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401003734
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 489
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Book Description
Since the last ASI in Turkey in Sept. 1995, the olefin metathesis has made remarkable strong developments with an incredible speed in various directions. New catalyst systems have been developed which have resulted in the synthesis of novel materials. Other fascinating developments have been the new catalysts for stereoselective metathesis and catalysts with considerable functional group tolerance. These new catalysts in addition to Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerisation (ROMP) and Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET) are now powerful tools for Ring Closing Metathesis (RCM) and have found many applications in the synthesis of natural products. A lot of information has been established about all aspects of the olefin metathesis and there is a vast literature concerning the process, covering the initiators, mechanistic features and applications of this reaction in organic and polymer synthesis. The NATO ASI on rd th ROMP and Related Chemistry took place in Polanica-Zdroj, Poland during 3 to 15 Sept. 2000, to highlight the developments in this area and to discuss the prospects and visions for the year 2000 and beyond. The aims of the ASI were: to provide a platform for dissemination of knowledge; to promote communication between people who have a serious interest in this field of chemistry; to help establishing international scientific contacts and to provide an opportunity for the scientists with an appropriate scientific background to learn of recent developments in this field of science. There were 15 lecturers and 67 participants in this NATO ASI.
Author: Andreea Irina Barzic
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000095355
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 379
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Book Description
This book reviews the latest research, development, and future potential of polyimides and green polymer chemistry. It combines the major interdisciplinary research in this area. Polymers with imidic structure, known as polyimides, are widely investigated owing to their practical implications in numerous industrial sectors. The book explains why polyimides offer versatility unparalleled in comparison to most other classes of macromolecules. In addition, developments in green polymer chemistry in this area have been stimulated by health and environmental concerns, interest in sustainability, desire to decrease the dependence on petroleum, and opportunities to design and produce “green” products and processes. Major advances include new uses of green processing methodologies, and green polymeric products. Imidic Polymers and Green Polymer Chemistry: New Technology and Developments in Process and Product is targeted to scientists, engineers, and students who are involved or interested in green polymer chemistry and imidic polymers. This book will serve as a valuable reference for those with an interest in synthesis of polyimides and the chemistry and physical chemistry of polyimide compounds.
Author: Mario Leclerc
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3110307820
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 496
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Book Description
"Functional Materials textbook is not simply a review of the vast body of literature of the recent years, as it holds the focus upon various aspects of application. Moreover, it selects only a few topics in favor of a solid and thorough treatment of the relevant aspects. This book comes in a good time, when a large body of academic literature has been accumulated and is waiting for a critical inspection in the light of the real demands of application." Professor Gerhard Wegner, Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany The chapters cover three important fields in the development of functional materials: energy, environment, and biomedical applications. These topics are explained and discussed from both an experimental and a theoretical perspective. Functional organic and inorganic materials are at the center of most technological breakthroughs. Therefore, the understanding of material properties is fundamental to the development of novel functionalities and applications.
Author: Wladimir Reschetilowski
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527652914
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 351
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Book Description
This is the first book in the field to focus on these aspects, providing extremely valuable information unavailable elsewhere for anyone seeking the practical application of microreactor technology in preparative chemistry. The topics covered branch out in three different directions. To begin with, the knowledge necessary for the preparative chemistry concerning the influence of the so-called microeffects on the reaction procedure and on mass and heat transfer as well as the surface phenomena are provided in detail. Next, practical aspects of the synthesis of various basic chemicals and fine chemicals, polymers, bioproducts and nanoparticles are discussed, including important advice for both the researcher and industrial chemist. Finally, reaction examples in microreactors whose reaction guidance are best understood are given together with universally applicable correlations as well as modeling approaches and transfer potential on related reaction systems. With its specific instructions, tips and experimental procedures for product syntheses as well as the inclusion of both the technical and theoretical background this is a must-have for beginners and experts alike working in this emerging field.
