Improved Hydrological Understanding of a Semi-Arid Subtropical Transboundary Basin Using Multiple Techniques - The Incomati River Basin PDF Download
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Author: Saraiva Okello
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000034348
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
This study aims at improving the hydrological process understanding of the semi-arid and transboundary Incomati river basin to enable better water management. Comprehensive statistical and trend analysis of rainfall and streamflow were conducted, and the Indicators of Hydrological Alteration tool was deployed to describe the streamflow regime and trends over time. Land use and land cover change, particularly the conversion of natural vegetation into forest plantation, the expansion of irrigated agriculture and the flow regulation due to dam operation were identified as critical drivers of flow regime alteration. Hydrograph separation using long-term hydrochemical data at seasonal scale, and hydrochemical and isotope data at event scale were performed to quantify runoff components. A novel methodology to calibrate recursive digital filters using routinely collected water quality data was developed and tested in the catchment. This method allows for estimation of daily baseflow from readily available daily streamflow data. Dominant runoff generation zones were mapped using the Height Above Nearest Drainage approach. The hydrological model STREAM was then employed, informed by the runoff generation zones mapping and the process understanding gained in the catchment, as well as remote sensing data. The study provides the basis for better operational water management in the catchment.
Author: Saraiva Okello
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000034348
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 218
Get Book Here
Book Description
This study aims at improving the hydrological process understanding of the semi-arid and transboundary Incomati river basin to enable better water management. Comprehensive statistical and trend analysis of rainfall and streamflow were conducted, and the Indicators of Hydrological Alteration tool was deployed to describe the streamflow regime and trends over time. Land use and land cover change, particularly the conversion of natural vegetation into forest plantation, the expansion of irrigated agriculture and the flow regulation due to dam operation were identified as critical drivers of flow regime alteration. Hydrograph separation using long-term hydrochemical data at seasonal scale, and hydrochemical and isotope data at event scale were performed to quantify runoff components. A novel methodology to calibrate recursive digital filters using routinely collected water quality data was developed and tested in the catchment. This method allows for estimation of daily baseflow from readily available daily streamflow data. Dominant runoff generation zones were mapped using the Height Above Nearest Drainage approach. The hydrological model STREAM was then employed, informed by the runoff generation zones mapping and the process understanding gained in the catchment, as well as remote sensing data. The study provides the basis for better operational water management in the catchment.
Author: Saraiva Okello
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000044025
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 190
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Book Description
This study aims at improving the hydrological process understanding of the semi-arid and transboundary Incomati river basin to enable better water management. Comprehensive statistical and trend analysis of rainfall and streamflow were conducted, and the Indicators of Hydrological Alteration tool was deployed to describe the streamflow regime and trends over time. Land use and land cover change, particularly the conversion of natural vegetation into forest plantation, the expansion of irrigated agriculture and the flow regulation due to dam operation were identified as critical drivers of flow regime alteration. Hydrograph separation using long-term hydrochemical data at seasonal scale, and hydrochemical and isotope data at event scale were performed to quantify runoff components. A novel methodology to calibrate recursive digital filters using routinely collected water quality data was developed and tested in the catchment. This method allows for estimation of daily baseflow from readily available daily streamflow data. Dominant runoff generation zones were mapped using the Height Above Nearest Drainage approach. The hydrological model STREAM was then employed, informed by the runoff generation zones mapping and the process understanding gained in the catchment, as well as remote sensing data. The study provides the basis for better operational water management in the catchment.
Author: Mukuyu, Patience
Publisher: IWMI
ISBN: 0639202144
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 93
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Book Description
Final project report submitted to the Water Research Commission (WRC). Pretoria, South Africa: Water Research Commission (WRC).
Author: Nnenesi A. Kgabi
Publisher: AOSIS
ISBN: 1928523838
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 272
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Book Description
The scholarly theme of the book lends itself to the discipline of earth and atmospheric sciences, with a specific focus on water-climate studies. The book is a scholarly discourse by researchers in the natural sciences, including Hydrologists, Climate Scientists, Environmental Engineers and Water Scientists. The purpose of the book is to address the limited complementarity between the water and climate studies; which is crucial in promoting scientific research that informs policy decisions and implementation of water security plans. The chapters were selected to represent water-climate models and policy research conducted in different river basins in the arid and semi-arid environments. Therefore, the water-climate management tools highlighted in this book include General Circulation Models (GCMs), Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), Africa Flood and Drought Monitor (AFDM), Extreme Precipitation Events (EPEs), R ClimDex, Mixed strategy game models, Standard Precipitation Indices (SPIs), Water Evaluation and Planning System (WEAP), Penman Calculator, and Saturated Volume Fluctuation (SVF).
Author: L. J. Bull
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780471491231
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 408
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Book Description
Examines the processes operating in the headwaters and main channels of ephemeral rivers in semi-arid environments and includes coverage of current fieldwork investigations, modeling approaches, and management issues. focuses on dryland channel networks and processes presents a historical framework for research discusses examples of current studies and evaluates contemporary modelling approaches Emphasis is on the Mediterranean region, with comparisons to other dryland regimes eg California, Australia, Chile.
Author: Luis Chicharo
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 940179846X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 350
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Book Description
This book provides an integrated analysis of the methodologies and main processes occurring at the entire river basin, from upstream until the coast, by merging the biological and hydrological processes with the social and economic components, thus providing an integrated framework for river basin management, integrating the ecohydrology approach with the ecosystem services concept.
Author: Jurgen Schmandt
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108266258
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 305
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Book Description
This interdisciplinary volume examines how nine arid or semi-arid river basins with thriving irrigated agriculture are doing now and how they may change between now and mid-century. The rivers studied are the Colorado, Euphrates-Tigris, Jucar, Limarí, Murray-Darling, Nile, Rio Grande, São Francisco, and Yellow. Engineered dams and distribution networks brought large benefits to farmers and cities, but now the water systems face multiple challenges, above all climate change, reservoir siltation, and decreased water flows. Unchecked, they will see reduced food production and endanger the economic livelihood of basin populations. The authors suggest how to respond to these challenges without loss of food production, drinking water, or environmental health. The analysis of the political, hydrological, and environmental conditions within each basin gives policymakers, engineers, and researchers interested in the water/sustainability nexus a better understanding of engineered rivers in arid lands.
Author: François Molle
Publisher: IWMI
ISBN: 1845935381
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 325
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Book Description
This book contains 11 papers which cover a range of vital topics in the areas of water, agriculture, food security and ecosystems - the entire spectrum of developing and managing water in agriculture, from fully irrigated to fully rainfed lands. They are about people and society, why they decide to adopt certain practices and not others and, in particular, how water management can help poor people. They are about ecosystems - how agriculture affects ecosystems, the goods and services ecosystems provide for food security and how water can be managed to meet both food and environmental security objectives. This is the eighth book in the series.
Author: Dejan Komatina
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1789234824
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 254
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Book Description
Integrated river basin management is an approach focusing on the development and management of land and water resources in a coordinated manner with the primary aim to ensure society development, which is well balanced from the environmental, economic, and social points of view. It is a complex approach, including all aspects of water resource management (water and aquatic ecosystem protection, disaster management, and water use) and covering a wide range of disciplines (e.g., hydrology, ecology, environmental management, and economy), cross-cutting issues (climate change, data sharing, and stakeholder involvement), and approaches (river basin management plans preparation, water-food-energy-ecosystems nexus assessment, science-policy integration, and transboundary cooperation). This book provides a comprehensive overview of achievements and challenges associated with the implementation of the approach throughout the world.
Author: Nicolas Avisse
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 103
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Book Description
Sharing waters in a transboundary river basin is challenging, especially when there is no tradition of cooperation between riparian countries in other, non water-related, issues such as trade. Moreover, as water resources are being developed and climate change is a new source of risk, the lack of shared information on hydrological flows and human/institutional decisions on resources management implies that it is increasingly difficult to distinguish between natural and anthropogenic factors affecting a flow regime. Attempts to retrieve hydrological data in hardly accessible areas have successfully been made using remote sensing. But the use of this technique for water systems modeling efforts, and particularly for characterizing infrastructure or understand water user behaviors, remains challenging as it requires extensive on-the-ground observations and interactions with water resources managers. The scope of most modeling techniques is also limited by their inability to handle the multiplicity of institutions dealing with water, or the impact of their specific and often competing interests on water resources. For decades, this lack of detailed data and suitable modeling techniques has led many studies on non-cooperatively managed international river basins to remain qualitative or conceptual, and has therefore frustrated policy makers for not being able to independently understand and quantify the causes of hydrological changes. In the Yarmouk River basin, for example, which is shared between Syria, Jordan and Israel, the annual outflow now corresponds to less than 15% of that of pre-development era, despite the signature of bilateral agreements between Syria and Jordan (1987), and between Jordan and Israel (1994). This state of affairs has led riparian countries to develop their own, contested, narratives regarding the collapse of the Yarmouk flow. Taking the Yarmouk basin as a case-study, this Ph.D. thesis consequently aims at quantitatively analyzing past hydrological changes in non-cooperatively managed, institutionally complex, over-built, transboundary river basins. This objective goes through two main research activities: (i) the monitoring of small reservoirs' storage in inaccessible areas, as a start to characterize a multi-reservoir system; and (ii) the simulation and analysis of scenarios to quantitatively study changes in a river basin. Results reveal that the contributions of natural and anthropogenic factors to explain the decline of the Yarmouk flows can be identified and then assessed using remote sensing, multi-agent simulation, and scenario analysis.
