Author: Alex Osuna
Publisher: IBM Redbooks
ISBN: 0738435244
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 322
Book Description
Until now, the only way to capture, store, and effectively retain constantly growing amounts of enterprise data was to add more disk space to the storage infrastructure, an approach that can quickly become cost-prohibitive as information volumes continue to grow and capital budgets for infrastructure do not. In this IBM® Redbooks® publication, we introduce data deduplication, which has emerged as a key technology in dramatically reducing the amount of, and therefore the cost associated with storing, large amounts of data. Deduplication is the art of intelligently reducing storage needs through the elimination of redundant data so that only one instance of a data set is actually stored. Deduplication reduces data an order of magnitude better than common data compression techniques. IBM has the broadest portfolio of deduplication solutions in the industry, giving us the freedom to solve customer issues with the most effective technology. Whether it is source or target, inline or post, hardware or software, disk or tape, IBM has a solution with the technology that best solves the problem. This IBM Redbooks publication covers the current deduplication solutions that IBM has to offer: IBM ProtecTIER® Gateway and Appliance IBM Tivoli® Storage Manager IBM System Storage® N series Deduplication
Implementing IBM Storage Data Deduplication Solutions
Author: Alex Osuna
Publisher: IBM Redbooks
ISBN: 0738435244
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 322
Book Description
Until now, the only way to capture, store, and effectively retain constantly growing amounts of enterprise data was to add more disk space to the storage infrastructure, an approach that can quickly become cost-prohibitive as information volumes continue to grow and capital budgets for infrastructure do not. In this IBM® Redbooks® publication, we introduce data deduplication, which has emerged as a key technology in dramatically reducing the amount of, and therefore the cost associated with storing, large amounts of data. Deduplication is the art of intelligently reducing storage needs through the elimination of redundant data so that only one instance of a data set is actually stored. Deduplication reduces data an order of magnitude better than common data compression techniques. IBM has the broadest portfolio of deduplication solutions in the industry, giving us the freedom to solve customer issues with the most effective technology. Whether it is source or target, inline or post, hardware or software, disk or tape, IBM has a solution with the technology that best solves the problem. This IBM Redbooks publication covers the current deduplication solutions that IBM has to offer: IBM ProtecTIER® Gateway and Appliance IBM Tivoli® Storage Manager IBM System Storage® N series Deduplication
Publisher: IBM Redbooks
ISBN: 0738435244
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 322
Book Description
Until now, the only way to capture, store, and effectively retain constantly growing amounts of enterprise data was to add more disk space to the storage infrastructure, an approach that can quickly become cost-prohibitive as information volumes continue to grow and capital budgets for infrastructure do not. In this IBM® Redbooks® publication, we introduce data deduplication, which has emerged as a key technology in dramatically reducing the amount of, and therefore the cost associated with storing, large amounts of data. Deduplication is the art of intelligently reducing storage needs through the elimination of redundant data so that only one instance of a data set is actually stored. Deduplication reduces data an order of magnitude better than common data compression techniques. IBM has the broadest portfolio of deduplication solutions in the industry, giving us the freedom to solve customer issues with the most effective technology. Whether it is source or target, inline or post, hardware or software, disk or tape, IBM has a solution with the technology that best solves the problem. This IBM Redbooks publication covers the current deduplication solutions that IBM has to offer: IBM ProtecTIER® Gateway and Appliance IBM Tivoli® Storage Manager IBM System Storage® N series Deduplication
IBM ProtecTIER Implementation and Best Practices Guide
Author: Karen Orlando
Publisher: IBM Redbooks
ISBN: 0738441694
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 512
Book Description
This IBM® Redbooks® publication provides best practice guidance for planning, installing, configuring, and employing the IBM TS7600 ProtecTIER® family of products. It provides the latest best practices for the practical application of ProtecTIER Software Version 3.4. This latest release introduces the new ProtecTIER Enterprise Edition TS7650G DD6 model high performance server. This book also includes information about the revolutionary and patented IBM HyperFactor® deduplication engine, along with other data storage efficiency techniques, such as compression and defragmentation. The IBM System Storage® TS7650G ProtecTIER Deduplication Gateway and the IBM System Storage TS7620 ProtecTIER Deduplication Appliance Express are disk-based data storage systems: The Virtual Tape Library (VTL) interface is the foundation of ProtecTIER and emulates traditional automated tape libraries. For your existing ProtecTIER solution, this guide provides best practices and suggestions to boost the performance and the effectiveness of data deduplication with regards to your application platforms for your VTL and FSI (systems prior to version 3.4). When you build a ProtecTIER data deduplication environment, this guide can help IT architects and solution designers plan for the best option and scenario for data deduplication for their environments. This book can help you optimize your deduplication ratio, while reducing the hardware, power and cooling, and management costs. This Redbooks publication provides expertise that was gained from an IBM ProtecTIER System Client Technical Specialist (CTS), Development, and Quality Assurance teams. This planning should be done by the Sales Representative or IBM Business Partner, with the help of an IBM System CTS or IBM Solution Architect.
Publisher: IBM Redbooks
ISBN: 0738441694
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 512
Book Description
This IBM® Redbooks® publication provides best practice guidance for planning, installing, configuring, and employing the IBM TS7600 ProtecTIER® family of products. It provides the latest best practices for the practical application of ProtecTIER Software Version 3.4. This latest release introduces the new ProtecTIER Enterprise Edition TS7650G DD6 model high performance server. This book also includes information about the revolutionary and patented IBM HyperFactor® deduplication engine, along with other data storage efficiency techniques, such as compression and defragmentation. The IBM System Storage® TS7650G ProtecTIER Deduplication Gateway and the IBM System Storage TS7620 ProtecTIER Deduplication Appliance Express are disk-based data storage systems: The Virtual Tape Library (VTL) interface is the foundation of ProtecTIER and emulates traditional automated tape libraries. For your existing ProtecTIER solution, this guide provides best practices and suggestions to boost the performance and the effectiveness of data deduplication with regards to your application platforms for your VTL and FSI (systems prior to version 3.4). When you build a ProtecTIER data deduplication environment, this guide can help IT architects and solution designers plan for the best option and scenario for data deduplication for their environments. This book can help you optimize your deduplication ratio, while reducing the hardware, power and cooling, and management costs. This Redbooks publication provides expertise that was gained from an IBM ProtecTIER System Client Technical Specialist (CTS), Development, and Quality Assurance teams. This planning should be done by the Sales Representative or IBM Business Partner, with the help of an IBM System CTS or IBM Solution Architect.
IBM System Storage Open Systems Tape Encryption Solutions
Author: Alex Osuna
Publisher: IBM Redbooks
ISBN: 0738434809
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 232
Book Description
This IBM® Redbooks® publication discusses IBM System Storage Open Systems Tape Encryption solutions. It specifically describes Tivoli Key Lifecycle Manager (TKLM) Version 2, which is a Java software program that manages keys enterprise-wide and provides encryption-enabled tape drives with keys for encryption and decryption. The book explains various methods of managing IBM tape encryption. These methods differ in where the encryption policies reside, where key management is performed, whether a key manager is required, and if required, how the tape drives communicate with it. The security and accessibility characteristics of encrypted data create considerations for clients which do not exist with storage devices that do not encrypt data. Encryption key material must be kept secure from disclosure or use by any agent that does not have authority to it; at the same time it must be accessible to any agent that has both the authority and need to use it at the time of need. This book is written for readers who need to understand and use the various methods of managing IBM tape encryption.
Publisher: IBM Redbooks
ISBN: 0738434809
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 232
Book Description
This IBM® Redbooks® publication discusses IBM System Storage Open Systems Tape Encryption solutions. It specifically describes Tivoli Key Lifecycle Manager (TKLM) Version 2, which is a Java software program that manages keys enterprise-wide and provides encryption-enabled tape drives with keys for encryption and decryption. The book explains various methods of managing IBM tape encryption. These methods differ in where the encryption policies reside, where key management is performed, whether a key manager is required, and if required, how the tape drives communicate with it. The security and accessibility characteristics of encrypted data create considerations for clients which do not exist with storage devices that do not encrypt data. Encryption key material must be kept secure from disclosure or use by any agent that does not have authority to it; at the same time it must be accessible to any agent that has both the authority and need to use it at the time of need. This book is written for readers who need to understand and use the various methods of managing IBM tape encryption.
IBM Spectrum Archive Enterprise Edition V1.3.2.2: Installation and Configuration Guide
Author: Hiroyuki Miyoshi
Publisher: IBM Redbooks
ISBN: 0738460427
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 360
Book Description
This IBM® Redbooks® publication helps you with the planning, installation, and configuration of the new IBM Spectrum® Archive Enterprise Edition (EE) Version 1.3.2.2 for the IBM TS4500, IBM TS3500, IBM TS4300, and IBM TS3310 tape libraries. IBM Spectrum Archive Enterprise Edition enables the use of the LTFS for the policy management of tape as a storage tier in an IBM Spectrum Scale based environment. It also helps encourage the use of tape as a critical tier in the storage environment. This edition of this publication is the tenth edition of IBM Spectrum Archive Installation and Configuration Guide. IBM Spectrum Archive EE can run any application that is designed for disk files on a physical tape media. IBM Spectrum Archive EE supports the IBM Linear Tape-Open (LTO) Ultrium 9, 8, 7, 6, and 5 tape drives. and the IBM TS1160, TS1155, TS1150, and TS1140 tape drives. IBM Spectrum Archive EE can play a major role in reducing the cost of storage for data that does not need the access performance of primary disk. The use of IBM Spectrum Archive EE to replace disks with physical tape in tier 2 and tier 3 storage can improve data access over other storage solutions because it improves efficiency and streamlines management for files on tape. IBM Spectrum Archive EE simplifies the use of tape by making it transparent to the user and manageable by the administrator under a single infrastructure. This publication is intended for anyone who wants to understand more about IBM Spectrum Archive EE planning and implementation. This book is suitable for IBM customers, IBM Business Partners, IBM specialist sales representatives, and technical specialists.
Publisher: IBM Redbooks
ISBN: 0738460427
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 360
Book Description
This IBM® Redbooks® publication helps you with the planning, installation, and configuration of the new IBM Spectrum® Archive Enterprise Edition (EE) Version 1.3.2.2 for the IBM TS4500, IBM TS3500, IBM TS4300, and IBM TS3310 tape libraries. IBM Spectrum Archive Enterprise Edition enables the use of the LTFS for the policy management of tape as a storage tier in an IBM Spectrum Scale based environment. It also helps encourage the use of tape as a critical tier in the storage environment. This edition of this publication is the tenth edition of IBM Spectrum Archive Installation and Configuration Guide. IBM Spectrum Archive EE can run any application that is designed for disk files on a physical tape media. IBM Spectrum Archive EE supports the IBM Linear Tape-Open (LTO) Ultrium 9, 8, 7, 6, and 5 tape drives. and the IBM TS1160, TS1155, TS1150, and TS1140 tape drives. IBM Spectrum Archive EE can play a major role in reducing the cost of storage for data that does not need the access performance of primary disk. The use of IBM Spectrum Archive EE to replace disks with physical tape in tier 2 and tier 3 storage can improve data access over other storage solutions because it improves efficiency and streamlines management for files on tape. IBM Spectrum Archive EE simplifies the use of tape by making it transparent to the user and manageable by the administrator under a single infrastructure. This publication is intended for anyone who wants to understand more about IBM Spectrum Archive EE planning and implementation. This book is suitable for IBM customers, IBM Business Partners, IBM specialist sales representatives, and technical specialists.
IBM Spectrum Archive Single Drive Edition and Library Edition: Installation and Configuration Guide
Author: Larry Coyne
Publisher: IBM Redbooks
ISBN: 0738442984
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 212
Book Description
The IBM® Linear Tape File SystemTM (LTFS) is the first file system that works along with Linear Tape-Open (LTO) tape technology to set a new standard for ease of use and portability for open systems tape storage. In 2011, LTFS won an Engineering Emmy Award for Innovation from the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. This IBM Redbooks® publication helps you install, tailor, and configure the IBM SpectrumTM Archive Single Drive Edition (SDE) and the IBM Spectrum ArchiveTM Library Edition (LE) products. LTFS is a file system that was originally implemented on dual-partition linear tape (IBM LTO Ultrium 5 tape drives (LTO-5) and IBM TS1140 tape drives). Now IBM Spectrum Archive SDE and LE support IBM LTO Ultrium 8, 7, 6, or 5 tape drives, and IBM TS1155, IBM TS1150, and IBM TS1140 tape drives. IBM Spectrum Archive LE supports the IBM TS4500 tape library, IBM TS3500 tape library, IBM TS3310 tape library, IBM TS3200 tape library express, IBM TS3100 tape library express, and IBM TS2900 tape autoloader express. IBM Spectrum Archive makes tape look and work like any removable media, such as a USB drive. Files and directories appear on the desktop as a directory listing. It is now simple to drag files to and from tape. Any application that is written to use disk files works with the same files on tape. IBM Spectrum Archive SDE supports stand-alone drives only. IBM Spectrum Archive LE supports tape libraries. IBM Spectrum Archive LE presents each cartridge in the library as a subdirectory in the LTFS file system. With IBM Spectrum Archive LE, you can list the contents and search all of the volumes in the library without mounting the volumes by using an in-memory index. This publication is intended for anyone who wants to understand more about IBM Linear Tape System products and their implementation. This book is suitable for IBM clients, IBM Business Partners, IBM specialist sales representatives, and technical specialists.
Publisher: IBM Redbooks
ISBN: 0738442984
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 212
Book Description
The IBM® Linear Tape File SystemTM (LTFS) is the first file system that works along with Linear Tape-Open (LTO) tape technology to set a new standard for ease of use and portability for open systems tape storage. In 2011, LTFS won an Engineering Emmy Award for Innovation from the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. This IBM Redbooks® publication helps you install, tailor, and configure the IBM SpectrumTM Archive Single Drive Edition (SDE) and the IBM Spectrum ArchiveTM Library Edition (LE) products. LTFS is a file system that was originally implemented on dual-partition linear tape (IBM LTO Ultrium 5 tape drives (LTO-5) and IBM TS1140 tape drives). Now IBM Spectrum Archive SDE and LE support IBM LTO Ultrium 8, 7, 6, or 5 tape drives, and IBM TS1155, IBM TS1150, and IBM TS1140 tape drives. IBM Spectrum Archive LE supports the IBM TS4500 tape library, IBM TS3500 tape library, IBM TS3310 tape library, IBM TS3200 tape library express, IBM TS3100 tape library express, and IBM TS2900 tape autoloader express. IBM Spectrum Archive makes tape look and work like any removable media, such as a USB drive. Files and directories appear on the desktop as a directory listing. It is now simple to drag files to and from tape. Any application that is written to use disk files works with the same files on tape. IBM Spectrum Archive SDE supports stand-alone drives only. IBM Spectrum Archive LE supports tape libraries. IBM Spectrum Archive LE presents each cartridge in the library as a subdirectory in the LTFS file system. With IBM Spectrum Archive LE, you can list the contents and search all of the volumes in the library without mounting the volumes by using an in-memory index. This publication is intended for anyone who wants to understand more about IBM Linear Tape System products and their implementation. This book is suitable for IBM clients, IBM Business Partners, IBM specialist sales representatives, and technical specialists.
IBM System Storage TS7600 with ProtecTIER Version 3.3
Author: Karen Orlando
Publisher: IBM Redbooks
ISBN: 0738438170
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 950
Book Description
This IBM® Redbooks® publication describes the IBM solution for data deduplication, the IBM System Storage® TS7650G IBM ProtecTIER® Deduplication Gateway, and the IBM TS7620 ProtecTIER Deduplication Appliance Express. This solution consists of the IBM System Storage ProtecTIER Enterprise Edition V3.3 software and the IBM System Storage TS7600 family of products. They are designed to address the disk-based data protection needs of enterprise data centers. We describe the components that make up IBM System Storage TS7600 with ProtecTIER and provide extensive planning and sizing guidance that enables you to determine your requirements and the correct configuration for your environment. We then guide you through the basic setup steps on the system and on the host. We also describe all operational tasks that are required during normal day-to-day operation or when upgrading your TS7600 products. All available models of the ProtecTIER deduplication system can now be ordered in a configuration to operate in one of the following modes for which we provide setup, configuration and usage guidelines for your business needs: The Virtual Tape Library (VTL) interface is the foundation of ProtecTIER and emulates traditional automated tape libraries. The Symantec NetBackup OpenStorage (OST) API can be integrated with Symantec NetBackup to provide backup-to-disk without having to emulate traditional tape libraries. The newly available File System Interface (FSI) supports Common Internet File System (CIFS) and Network File System (NFS) as a backup target. This publication is intended for system programmers, storage administrators, hardware and software planners, and other IT personnel that are involved in planning, implementing, and the use of the IBM deduplication solution. It also is intended for anyone seeking detailed technical information about the IBM System Storage TS7600 with ProtecTIER.
Publisher: IBM Redbooks
ISBN: 0738438170
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 950
Book Description
This IBM® Redbooks® publication describes the IBM solution for data deduplication, the IBM System Storage® TS7650G IBM ProtecTIER® Deduplication Gateway, and the IBM TS7620 ProtecTIER Deduplication Appliance Express. This solution consists of the IBM System Storage ProtecTIER Enterprise Edition V3.3 software and the IBM System Storage TS7600 family of products. They are designed to address the disk-based data protection needs of enterprise data centers. We describe the components that make up IBM System Storage TS7600 with ProtecTIER and provide extensive planning and sizing guidance that enables you to determine your requirements and the correct configuration for your environment. We then guide you through the basic setup steps on the system and on the host. We also describe all operational tasks that are required during normal day-to-day operation or when upgrading your TS7600 products. All available models of the ProtecTIER deduplication system can now be ordered in a configuration to operate in one of the following modes for which we provide setup, configuration and usage guidelines for your business needs: The Virtual Tape Library (VTL) interface is the foundation of ProtecTIER and emulates traditional automated tape libraries. The Symantec NetBackup OpenStorage (OST) API can be integrated with Symantec NetBackup to provide backup-to-disk without having to emulate traditional tape libraries. The newly available File System Interface (FSI) supports Common Internet File System (CIFS) and Network File System (NFS) as a backup target. This publication is intended for system programmers, storage administrators, hardware and software planners, and other IT personnel that are involved in planning, implementing, and the use of the IBM deduplication solution. It also is intended for anyone seeking detailed technical information about the IBM System Storage TS7600 with ProtecTIER.
Implementing IBM Tape in Linux and Windows
Author: Babette Haeusser
Publisher: IBM.Com/Redbooks
ISBN: 9780738488912
Category : Computer architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 222
Book Description
Publisher: IBM.Com/Redbooks
ISBN: 9780738488912
Category : Computer architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 222
Book Description
IBM Assist On-site for Storage Overview
Author: Juan Brandenburg
Publisher: IBM Redbooks
ISBN: 0738454834
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 68
Book Description
This IBM® RedpaperTM publication provides a description and reference information for the IBM Assist On-site (AOS) software. It is intended for clients who want the benefit of the AOS advanced features, such as port forwarding, which allows an authorized IBM Support Service Representative (IBM SSR) to access a client's enabled storage device to diagnose and troubleshoot efficiently the device.
Publisher: IBM Redbooks
ISBN: 0738454834
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 68
Book Description
This IBM® RedpaperTM publication provides a description and reference information for the IBM Assist On-site (AOS) software. It is intended for clients who want the benefit of the AOS advanced features, such as port forwarding, which allows an authorized IBM Support Service Representative (IBM SSR) to access a client's enabled storage device to diagnose and troubleshoot efficiently the device.
Implementing the Storwize V7000 and the IBM System Storage SAN32B-E4 Encryption Switch
Author: Jon Tate
Publisher: IBM Redbooks
ISBN: 0738436399
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 262
Book Description
In this IBM® Redbooks® publication, we describe how these products can be combined to provide an encryption and virtualization solution: IBM System Storage® SAN32B-E4 Encryption Switch IBM Storwize® V7000 IBM Tivoli® Key Lifecycle Manager We describe the terminology that is used in an encrypted and virtualized environment, and we show how to implement these products to take advantage of their strengths. This book is intended for anyone who needs to understand and implement the IBM System Storage SAN32B-E4 Encryption Switch, IBM Storwize V7000, IBM Tivoli Key Lifecycle Manager, and encryption.
Publisher: IBM Redbooks
ISBN: 0738436399
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 262
Book Description
In this IBM® Redbooks® publication, we describe how these products can be combined to provide an encryption and virtualization solution: IBM System Storage® SAN32B-E4 Encryption Switch IBM Storwize® V7000 IBM Tivoli® Key Lifecycle Manager We describe the terminology that is used in an encrypted and virtualized environment, and we show how to implement these products to take advantage of their strengths. This book is intended for anyone who needs to understand and implement the IBM System Storage SAN32B-E4 Encryption Switch, IBM Storwize V7000, IBM Tivoli Key Lifecycle Manager, and encryption.
Implementing the IBM System Storage SAN32B-E4 Encryption Switch
Author: Jon Tate
Publisher: IBM Redbooks
ISBN: 0738435295
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 156
Book Description
This IBM® Redbooks® publication covers the IBM System Storage® SAN32B-E4 Encryption Switch, which is a high-performance stand-alone device designed to protect data-at-rest in mission-critical environments. In addition to helping IT organizations achieve compliance with regulatory mandates and meeting industry standards for data confidentiality, the SAN32B-E4 Encryption Switch also protects them against potential litigation and liability following a reported breach. Data is one of the most highly valued resources in a competitive business environment. Protecting that data, controlling access to it, and verifying its authenticity while maintaining its availability are priorities in our security-conscious world. Increasing regulatory requirements also drive the need for adequate data security. Encryption is a powerful and widely used technology that helps protect data from loss and inadvertent or deliberate compromise. In the context of data center fabric security, IBM provides advanced encryption services for Storage Area Networks (SANs) with the IBM System Storage SAN32B-E4 Encryption Switch. The switch is a high-speed, highly reliable hardware device that delivers fabric-based encryption services to protect data assets either selectively or on a comprehensive basis. The 8 Gbps SAN32B-E4 Fibre Channel Encryption Switch scales nondisruptively, providing from 48 up to 96 Gbps of encryption processing power to meet the needs of the most demanding environments with flexible, on-demand performance. It also provides compression services at speeds up to 48 Gbps for tape storage systems. Moreover, it is tightly integrated with one of the industry-leading, enterprise-class key management systems, the IBM Tivoli® Key Lifecycle Manager (TKLM), which can scale to support key life-cycle services across distributed environments.
Publisher: IBM Redbooks
ISBN: 0738435295
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 156
Book Description
This IBM® Redbooks® publication covers the IBM System Storage® SAN32B-E4 Encryption Switch, which is a high-performance stand-alone device designed to protect data-at-rest in mission-critical environments. In addition to helping IT organizations achieve compliance with regulatory mandates and meeting industry standards for data confidentiality, the SAN32B-E4 Encryption Switch also protects them against potential litigation and liability following a reported breach. Data is one of the most highly valued resources in a competitive business environment. Protecting that data, controlling access to it, and verifying its authenticity while maintaining its availability are priorities in our security-conscious world. Increasing regulatory requirements also drive the need for adequate data security. Encryption is a powerful and widely used technology that helps protect data from loss and inadvertent or deliberate compromise. In the context of data center fabric security, IBM provides advanced encryption services for Storage Area Networks (SANs) with the IBM System Storage SAN32B-E4 Encryption Switch. The switch is a high-speed, highly reliable hardware device that delivers fabric-based encryption services to protect data assets either selectively or on a comprehensive basis. The 8 Gbps SAN32B-E4 Fibre Channel Encryption Switch scales nondisruptively, providing from 48 up to 96 Gbps of encryption processing power to meet the needs of the most demanding environments with flexible, on-demand performance. It also provides compression services at speeds up to 48 Gbps for tape storage systems. Moreover, it is tightly integrated with one of the industry-leading, enterprise-class key management systems, the IBM Tivoli® Key Lifecycle Manager (TKLM), which can scale to support key life-cycle services across distributed environments.