Identification and Characterization of a Maize (zea Mays L.) Gene Controlling Embryogenic Tissue Culture Response and Enhancement of Maize Transformation Systems PDF Download
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Author: Frank Lloyd McFarland
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Maize is one of the most economically important crops in the US and globally for food, feed, and biofuel production. Efficient production of regenerable, embryogenic tissue cultures of maize is necessary for both basic biological research and applied biotechnological approaches to maize genetic improvement. Efficient generation of regenerable cultures in maize is highly genotype-dependent and, historically, researchers in academia and industry have relied extensively upon a restrictively small number of genotypes amenable to conventional tissue culture. To identify the genetic basis for genotypic differences in culture response, a mapping-based approach was utilized. The tissue culture response trait from the regenerable maize inbred A188 was backcrossed into the recalcitrant inbred B73. An A188 genomic introgression spanning 3 Mb on chromosome 3 was strongly associated with regenerable tissue culture response. Three candidate genes were selected in the region based on their expression in A188 immature embryos and functional annotations of genes in the region. A screen of each candidate gene expressed under constitutive promoters identified a single candidate, Wox2a, which was found to induce somatic embryogenesis and embryogenic callus in B73.A complementary approach to mapping the A188 culture response trait was undertaken to map the genotype-dependent response of diverse maize lines to Wuschel2/Baby boom (Wus/Bbm)-mediated genetic transformation. Though Wus/Bbm-mediated transformation reduced recalcitrance of many lines through co-transformation with developmental regulators, strong trends of genotype-dependence were still observed. Ten diverse maize lines were screened to identify lines highly amenable to Wus/Bbm-mediated transformation. Transgenic plants/events were recovered from eight of the ten lines. One line, Gaspé Flint, generated transgenic events efficiently and at a wide range of embryo maturities. A Gaspé Flint x B73 introgression library was screened through Wus/Bbm-mediated transformation and Gaspé Flint introgressions associated with transformability were identified on chromosomes 1, 4, and 7. The scale of the transformation experiments necessitated isolation of thousands of immature embryo explants, for which a high-throughput method of embryo isolation (SIMPLE extraction) was developed. Methods for SIMPLE extraction, as well as optimized methods for Wus/Bbm-mediated and Wox2a-mediated maize transformation were developed to enable easy adoption these developing technologies.
Author: Frank Lloyd McFarland
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Maize is one of the most economically important crops in the US and globally for food, feed, and biofuel production. Efficient production of regenerable, embryogenic tissue cultures of maize is necessary for both basic biological research and applied biotechnological approaches to maize genetic improvement. Efficient generation of regenerable cultures in maize is highly genotype-dependent and, historically, researchers in academia and industry have relied extensively upon a restrictively small number of genotypes amenable to conventional tissue culture. To identify the genetic basis for genotypic differences in culture response, a mapping-based approach was utilized. The tissue culture response trait from the regenerable maize inbred A188 was backcrossed into the recalcitrant inbred B73. An A188 genomic introgression spanning 3 Mb on chromosome 3 was strongly associated with regenerable tissue culture response. Three candidate genes were selected in the region based on their expression in A188 immature embryos and functional annotations of genes in the region. A screen of each candidate gene expressed under constitutive promoters identified a single candidate, Wox2a, which was found to induce somatic embryogenesis and embryogenic callus in B73.A complementary approach to mapping the A188 culture response trait was undertaken to map the genotype-dependent response of diverse maize lines to Wuschel2/Baby boom (Wus/Bbm)-mediated genetic transformation. Though Wus/Bbm-mediated transformation reduced recalcitrance of many lines through co-transformation with developmental regulators, strong trends of genotype-dependence were still observed. Ten diverse maize lines were screened to identify lines highly amenable to Wus/Bbm-mediated transformation. Transgenic plants/events were recovered from eight of the ten lines. One line, Gaspé Flint, generated transgenic events efficiently and at a wide range of embryo maturities. A Gaspé Flint x B73 introgression library was screened through Wus/Bbm-mediated transformation and Gaspé Flint introgressions associated with transformability were identified on chromosomes 1, 4, and 7. The scale of the transformation experiments necessitated isolation of thousands of immature embryo explants, for which a high-throughput method of embryo isolation (SIMPLE extraction) was developed. Methods for SIMPLE extraction, as well as optimized methods for Wus/Bbm-mediated and Wox2a-mediated maize transformation were developed to enable easy adoption these developing technologies.
Author: Frank Lloyd McFarland
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Maize is one of the most economically important crops in the US and globally for food, feed, and biofuel production. Efficient production of regenerable, embryogenic tissue cultures of maize is necessary for both basic biological research and applied biotechnological approaches to maize genetic improvement. Efficient generation of regenerable cultures in maize is highly genotype-dependent and, historically, researchers in academia and industry have relied extensively upon a restrictively small number of genotypes amenable to conventional tissue culture. To identify the genetic basis for genotypic differences in culture response, a mapping-based approach was utilized. The tissue culture response trait from the regenerable maize inbred A188 was backcrossed into the recalcitrant inbred B73. An A188 genomic introgression spanning 3 Mb on chromosome 3 was strongly associated with regenerable tissue culture response. Three candidate genes were selected in the region based on their expression in A188 immature embryos and functional annotations of genes in the region. A screen of each candidate gene expressed under constitutive promoters identified a single candidate, Wox2a, which was found to induce somatic embryogenesis and embryogenic callus in B73.A complementary approach to mapping the A188 culture response trait was undertaken to map the genotype-dependent response of diverse maize lines to Wuschel2/Baby boom (Wus/Bbm)-mediated genetic transformation. Though Wus/Bbm-mediated transformation reduced recalcitrance of many lines through co-transformation with developmental regulators, strong trends of genotype-dependence were still observed. Ten diverse maize lines were screened to identify lines highly amenable to Wus/Bbm-mediated transformation. Transgenic plants/events were recovered from eight of the ten lines. One line, Gaspé Flint, generated transgenic events efficiently and at a wide range of embryo maturities. A Gaspé Flint x B73 introgression library was screened through Wus/Bbm-mediated transformation and Gaspe̹ Flint introgressions associated with transformability were identified on chromosomes 1, 4, and 7. The scale of the transformation experiments necessitated isolation of thousands of immature embryo explants, for which a high-throughput method of embryo isolation (SIMPLE extraction) was developed. Methods for SIMPLE extraction, as well as optimized methods for Wus/Bbm-mediated and Wox2a-mediated maize transformation were developed to enable easy adoption these developing technologies.
Author: Jeff L. Bennetzen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387778632
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 785
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Book Description
Maize is one of the world’s highest value crops, with a multibillion dollar annual contribution to agriculture. The great adaptability and high yields available for maize as a food, feed and forage crop have led to its current production on over 140 million hectares worldwide, with acreage continuing to grow at the expense of other crops. In terms of tons of cereal grain produced worldwide, maize has been number one for many years. Moreover, maize is expanding its contribution to non-food uses, including as a major source of ethanol as a fuel additive or fuel alternative in the US. In addition, maize has been at the center of the transgenic plant controversy, serving as the first food crop with released transgenic varieties. By 2008, maize will have its genome sequence released, providing the sequence of the first average-size plant genome (the four plant genomes that are now sequenced come from unusually tiny genomes) and of the most complex genome sequenced from any organism. Among plant science researchers, maize has the second largest and most productive research community, trailing only the Arabidopsis community in scale and significance. At the applied research and commercial improvement levels, maize has no peers in agriculture, and consists of thousands of contributors worthwhile. A comprehensive book on the biology of maize has not been published. The "Handbook of Maize: the Genetics and Genomics" center on the past, present and future of maize as a model for plant science research and crop improvement. The books include brief, focused chapters from the foremost maize experts and feature a succinct collection of informative images representing the maize germplasm collection.
Author: Y. P. S. Bajaj
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 364257968X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 644
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Book Description
Forty chapters deal with various aspects of tissue culture, in vitro manipulation, and other biotechnological approaches to the improvement of maize. They are arranged in eight sections: - In Vitro Technology, Callus Cultures and Regeneration of Plants, Somatic Embryogenesis. - Wide Hybridization, Embryo, Ovule, and Inflorescence Culture, in Vitro Fertilization. - Production of Haploids and Double Haploids, Anther and Pollen Culture. - Protoplast Culture, Genetic Transformation. - Somaclonal Variation and Mutations. - Molecular Biology and Physiological Studies. - Proteins and Nutritional Improvement. Pollen Storage, Cryopreservation of Germplasm.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 174
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Book Description
The ability to form embryogenic cultures and regenerate green plants in vitro is a critical factor in plant genetic engineering, plant propagation and transformation-based research. Maize regeneration ability is genotype-dependent and limiting to tissue culture-based methodologies. The overall goal of this research is to further our understanding of tissue culture response in maize. A backcross-derived mapping population between the highly embryogenic and regenerable maize genotype, A188 was crossed to the poorly culturable maize reference inbred line B73. Near-isogenic lines were screened for tissue culture response. High-resolution mapping in this material to further refine the position of genes on chromosome 3 conferring culture response resulted in two flanking single nucleotide polymorphic markers with a physical distance between markers of 3,053kb or a genetic distance of 4 centimorgans, based on recombination frequency in segregating F2 individuals (n=2243). A fine-mapping experiment revealed highly significant marker-trait associations (P
Author: L. Mark Lagrimini
Publisher: Humana
ISBN: 9781493984503
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This volume discusses techniques used for the molecular characterization of maize. This book is divided into 4 parts: cell, tissue, and organ culture and maize transformation; gene silencing and generation of mutant populations; plant gene expression; and plant metabolic networks. The chapters cover a range of topics, such as growing and propagating maize in the laboratory, greenhouse and field studies, screening mutagenic population, characterizing the genome, describing protein and metabolic regulatory networks, and generating transgenic plants for gene knock-out and over expression purposes. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Maize: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for everyone who is interested in maize research.
Author: Y. P. S. Bajaj
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783540563921
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 632
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Book Description
Forty chapters deal with various aspects of tissue culture, in vitro manipulation, and other biotechnological approaches to the improvement of maize. They are arranged in eight sections: - In Vitro Technology, Callus Cultures and Regeneration of Plants, Somatic Embryogenesis. - Wide Hybridization, Embryo, Ovule, and Inflorescence Culture, in Vitro Fertilization. - Production of Haploids and Double Haploids, Anther and Pollen Culture. - Protoplast Culture, Genetic Transformation. - Somaclonal Variation and Mutations. - Molecular Biology and Physiological Studies. - Proteins and Nutritional Improvement. Pollen Storage, Cryopreservation of Germplasm.
Author: Brian A Larkins
Publisher: CABI
ISBN: 178639121X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 255
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Book Description
This is an authoritative book that acts as a guide to understanding maize kernel development. Written by a team of experts, it covers topics spanning pre- and post-fertilization events, embryo and endosperm development, grain filling and maturation, and factors influencing crop yield. It explores the significance of maize and other cereal grains, existing hypotheses and research, and important gaps in our knowledge and how we might fill them. This is a valuable resource for researchers of maize and other cereals, and anyone working on basic or applied science in the fields of seed development, plant genetics, and crop physiology.
Author: R. K. Gaur
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439873259
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 380
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Book Description
RNAi technology is used for large-scale screens that systematically shut down each gene in the cell, which can help identify the components necessary for a particular cellular process or an event such as cell division. Exploitation of the pathway is also a promising tool in biotechnology and medicine. Introducing new technology in the study of RNA
Author: Michael Freeling
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461226945
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 776
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Book Description
The Maize Handbook represents the collective efforts of the maize research community to enumerate the key steps of standard procedures and to disseminate these protocols for the common good. Although the material in this volume is drawn from experience with maize, many of the procedures, protocols, and descriptions are applicable to other higher plants, particularly to other grasses. The power and resolution of experiments with maize depend on the wide range of specialized genetic techniques and marked stocks; these materials are available today as the culmination of nearly 100 years of genetic research. A major goal of this volume is to introduce this genetical legacy and to highlight current stock construction programs that will soon benefit our work, e. g. high-density RFLP maps, deletion stocks, etc. Both stock construction and maintenance are relatively straightforward in maize as a result of the ease of crossing and the longevity of stored seeds. Crossing is facilitated by the separate staminate (tassel) and pistillate (ear) flowers, a feature almost unique to maize. On the other hand, many of the genetic methodologies utilized with maize, including the precision of record keeping, can be adapted to other plants. Facile communication and a spirit of co-operation have characterized the maize genetics community since its earliest days. Starting in the 1930s, institutions such as annual Maize Genetics Cooperation Newsletter, the Maize Genetics Stock Center, and the annual maize genetics meeting provide continuity to the field.
