Hypothesis-testing Behaviour PDF Download
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Author: Fenna H. Poletiek
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1134951655
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 192
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Book Description
How do people search evidence for a hypothesis? A well documented answer in cognitive psychology is that they search for confirming evidence. However, the rational strategy is to try to falsify the hypothesis. This book critically evaluates this contradiction. Experimental research is discussed against the background of philosophical and formal theories of hypothesis testing with striking results: Falsificationism and verificationism - the two main rival philosophies of testing - come down to one and the same principle for concrete testing behaviour, eluding the contrast between rational falsification and confirmation bias. In this book, the author proposes a new perspective for describing hypothesis testing behaviour - the probability-value model - which unifies the contrasting views. According to this model, hypothesis testers pragmatically consider what evidence and how much evidence will convince them to reject or accept the hypothesis. They might either require highly probative evidence for its acceptance, at the risk of its rejection, or protect it against rejection and go for minor confirming observations. Interestingly, the model refines the classical opposition between rationality and pragmaticity because pragmatic considerations are a legitimate aspect of 'rational' hypothesis testing. Possible future research and applications of the ideas advanced are discussed, such as the modelling of expert hypothesis testing.
Author: Fenna H. Poletiek
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1134951655
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 192
Get Book Here
Book Description
How do people search evidence for a hypothesis? A well documented answer in cognitive psychology is that they search for confirming evidence. However, the rational strategy is to try to falsify the hypothesis. This book critically evaluates this contradiction. Experimental research is discussed against the background of philosophical and formal theories of hypothesis testing with striking results: Falsificationism and verificationism - the two main rival philosophies of testing - come down to one and the same principle for concrete testing behaviour, eluding the contrast between rational falsification and confirmation bias. In this book, the author proposes a new perspective for describing hypothesis testing behaviour - the probability-value model - which unifies the contrasting views. According to this model, hypothesis testers pragmatically consider what evidence and how much evidence will convince them to reject or accept the hypothesis. They might either require highly probative evidence for its acceptance, at the risk of its rejection, or protect it against rejection and go for minor confirming observations. Interestingly, the model refines the classical opposition between rationality and pragmaticity because pragmatic considerations are a legitimate aspect of 'rational' hypothesis testing. Possible future research and applications of the ideas advanced are discussed, such as the modelling of expert hypothesis testing.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Statistics
Languages : en
Pages : 750
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 660
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Book Description
Author: Martin Fishbein
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1136874739
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 527
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Book Description
This book describes the reasoned action approach, an integrative framework for the prediction and change of human social behavior. It provides an up-to-date review of relevant research, discusses critical issues related to the reasoned action framework, and provides methodological and conceptual tools for the prediction and explanation of social behavior and for designing behavior change interventions.
Author: Karen Glanz
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118628985
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 512
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Book Description
The essential health behavior text, updated with the latest theories, research, and issues Health Behavior: Theory, Research and Practice provides a thorough introduction to understanding and changing health behavior, core tenets of the public health role. Covering theory, applications, and research, this comprehensive book has become the gold standard of health behavior texts. This new fifth edition has been updated to reflect the most recent changes in the public health field with a focus on health behavior, including coverage of the intersection of health and community, culture, and communication, with detailed explanations of both established and emerging theories. Offering perspective applicable at the individual, interpersonal, group, and community levels, this essential guide provides the most complete coverage of the field to give public health students and practitioners an authoritative reference for both the theoretical and practical aspects of health behavior. A deep understanding of human behaviors is essential for effective public health and health care management. This guide provides the most complete, up-to-date information in the field, to give you a real-world understanding and the background knowledge to apply it successfully. Learn how e-health and social media factor into health communication Explore the link between culture and health, and the importance of community Get up to date on emerging theories of health behavior and their applications Examine the push toward evidence-based interventions, and global applications Written and edited by the leading health and social behavior theorists and researchers, Health Behavior: Theory, Research and Practice provides the information and real-world perspective that builds a solid understanding of how to analyze and improve health behaviors and health.
Author: Dr. R. UPPILY
Publisher: Archers & Elevators Publishing House
ISBN: 9394958835
Category : Antiques & Collectibles
Languages : en
Pages : 202
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Book Description
Author: Martin S. Hagger
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108750117
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 730
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Book Description
Social problems in many domains, including health, education, social relationships, and the workplace, have their origins in human behavior. The documented links between behavior and social problems have compelled governments and organizations to prioritize and mobilize efforts to develop effective, evidence-based means to promote adaptive behavior change. In recognition of this impetus, The Handbook of Behavior Change provides comprehensive coverage of contemporary theory, research, and practice on behavior change. It summarizes current evidence-based approaches to behavior change in chapters authored by leading theorists, researchers, and practitioners from multiple disciplines, including psychology, sociology, behavioral science, economics, philosophy, and implementation science. It is the go-to resource for researchers, students, practitioners, and policy makers looking for current knowledge on behavior change and guidance on how to develop effective interventions to change behavior.
Author: Alex Siu-Wing Chan
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832534252
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 174
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Book Description
Sexuality is the manner in which we undergo and exhibit sexuality. It includes emotions, wants, behaviors, and identities, as well as a variety of forms of physical contact or stimulation. Intimacy is a sense of togetherness and connection in a relationship, which may or may not include physical contact. Aging creates possibilities for older individuals to reinterpret what sexuality and intimacy entail for them as a result of life changes. Certain older individuals want both a sexual and an intimate partnership, while others are fine with either, and some may opt to reject both sorts of partnership. Normal aging also causes physiological changes that might interfere with the capacity for and enjoyment of sexual activity. Our bodies, such as our size, skin, and muscular condition, shift as we age. Certain older individuals are unhappy with their deteriorating bodies. They may be concerned that their lover no longer finds them appealing. Intimacy and a satisfying sex life may be hindered by physical issues brought on by health disorders as well as by stress and anxiety. Men and women have different sexual problems. Erectile Dysfunction, or ED, occurs when a man has difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection. In certain cases, ED is caused by prostate cancer therapies, such as prostatectomy (a procedure in which the prostate is surgically removed in its entirety or in part). The condition is also caused by other health issues, such as excessive blood sugar, heart disease, or pelvic trauma. Notwithstanding the transformations brought on by natural aging, sexuality remains a vital aspect of our lifestyles as we age. Sexual health and function are essential elements of healthy aging. Sexual activity is connected with superior psychological health, self-esteem, marriage quality, as well as personal well-being, whereas its absence is linked to a worse standard of living. Considering the significance of sexual function and sexual well-being in evaluating healthy aging, as well as the inadequate knowledge of urological health among elderly people, this research topic highlights some of the key urological health aspects relevant to the journeys and mental or medical consequences of healthy aging, psychological wellbeing, and sexuality. Among the broad questions of interest are the following: - The experiences of older adults who identify as having a urological disorder or a mental disorder - Sexual health and sexual function/dysfunction in older adults - Correlation between psychological disorder and urological health among older adults - Culture/sociological discussion between psychological distress and healthy aging among older adults - Addressing sexual function and sexual well-being and healthy aging - Case studies of effective practice - Specific sexual orientation issues among older adults with urological disorders - Incorporating a patient care address for older adults with urological illnesses into the community We are thus seeking innovative research papers, review articles, hypothesis and theory pieces, viewpoint articles, short research report articles, commentary articles, opinion articles, and book reviews. We expect that by combining the ideas of scholars from diverse disciplines or contexts, we will be able to explore the relationship between the significance of sexual function and sexual well-being in defining healthy aging and bridge the knowledge gap in urological health among older adults.
Author: Andrew Baum
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521436861
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 712
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Book Description
A unique encyclopaedic handbook in this expanding field, draws on international and interdisciplinary expertise.
Author: J. Mitchell Miller
Publisher: SAGE
ISBN: 145226614X
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 961
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Book Description
Criminology has experienced tremendous growth over the last few decades, evident, in part, by the widespread popularity and increased enrollment in criminology and criminal justice departments at the undergraduate and graduate levels across the U.S. and internationally. Evolutionary paradigmatic shift has accompanied this surge in definitional, disciplinary and pragmatic terms. Though long identified as a leading sociological specialty area, criminology has emerged as a stand-alone discipline in its own right, one that continues to grow and is clearly here to stay. Criminology, today, remains inherently theoretical but is also far more applied in focus and thus more connected to the academic and practitioner concerns of criminal justice and related professional service fields. Contemporary criminology is also increasingly interdisciplinary and thus features a broad variety of ideological orientations to and perspectives on the causes, effects and responses to crime. 21st Century Criminology: A Reference Handbook provides straightforward and definitive overviews of 100 key topics comprising traditional criminology and its modern outgrowths. The individual chapters have been designed to serve as a "first-look" reference source for most criminological inquires. Both connected to the sociological origins of criminology (i.e., theory and research methods) and the justice systems' response to crime and related social problems, as well as coverage of major crime types, this two-volume set offers a comprehensive overview of the current state of criminology. From student term papers and masters theses to researchers commencing literature reviews, 21st Century Criminology is a ready source from which to quickly access authoritative knowledge on a range of key issues and topics central to contemporary criminology. This two-volume set in the SAGE 21st Century Reference Series is intended to provide undergraduate majors with an authoritative reference source that will serve their research needs with more detailed information than encyclopedia entries but not so much jargon, detail, or density as a journal article or research handbook chapter. 100 entries or "mini-chapters" highlight the most important topics, issues, questions, and debates any student obtaining a degree in this field ought to have mastered for effectiveness in the 21st century. Curricular-driven, chapters provide students with initial footholds on topics of interest in researching term papers, in preparing for GREs, in consulting to determine directions to take in pursuing a senior thesis, graduate degree, career, etc. Comprehensive in coverage, major sections include The Discipline of Criminology, Correlates of Crime, Theories of Crime & Justice, Measurement & Research, Types of Crime, and Crime & the Justice System. The contributor group is comprised of well-known figures and emerging young scholars who provide authoritative overviews coupled with insightful discussion that will quickly familiarize researchers, students, and general readers alike with fundamental and detailed information for each topic. Uniform chapter structure makes it easy for students to locate key information, with most chapters following a format of Introduction, Theory, Methods, Applications, Comparison, Future Directions, Summary, Bibliography & Suggestions for Further Reading, and Cross References. Availability in print and electronic formats provides students with convenient, easy access wherever they may be.
