Hydrodynamics Related Performance Evaluation of Upflow Moving Bed Hydrotreater Reactor (MBR) Using Developed Experimental Methods and CFD Simulation PDF Download
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Author: Vineet Alexander
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 154
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Book Description
"Upflow Moving Bed Hydrotreater (MBR) reactor is used for hydrotreating resid crude oil. It is a two-phase upflow reactor having a catalyst bed with conical bottom, and plena. At industrial conditions the reactor is not performing at its best and encountering issues such as hot spots, catalyst agglomeration inside the catalyst bed leading to frequent shutdown of the reactor. The root cause of these problems are linked to the improper hydrodynamics inside the catalyst bed. To investigate this, the industrial scale MBR is scaled down to a pilot scale and indicative and key hydrodynamic parameters are investigated using developed experimental methods and CFD simulation. The local hydrodynamics is quantified using an experimental technique called two-tip optical probe (TTOP). Developed algorithms for TTOP to derive the local phase saturations, velocities, backmixing, maldistribution using the time series data of the probe. The results indicates high maldistribution zones inside the catalyst bed and found convincing evidence to link this to the conical design and plena of MBR. Overall Gas and Liquid dispersion/Mixing in the catalyst bed is investigated by tracer studies using a developed methodology based on residence time distribution (RTD), Convolution, Regression, and Catalyst Bed Models based on axial dispersion and wave model. Good gas/liquid dispersion is seen at the industrial scaled down operating condition. A CFD model is developed for the lower plenum of MBR and validated with gamma ray densitometry (GRD) for radial profile of line average phase volume fraction. The simulation indicates that the current design of lower plenum is enabling a dominant movement of phases only in the central region outlets of this plenum. A modification of the current design proves to perform better in terms of movement of phases along entire outlets of the lower plenum"--Abstract, page iv.
Author: Vineet Alexander
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 154
Get Book Here
Book Description
"Upflow Moving Bed Hydrotreater (MBR) reactor is used for hydrotreating resid crude oil. It is a two-phase upflow reactor having a catalyst bed with conical bottom, and plena. At industrial conditions the reactor is not performing at its best and encountering issues such as hot spots, catalyst agglomeration inside the catalyst bed leading to frequent shutdown of the reactor. The root cause of these problems are linked to the improper hydrodynamics inside the catalyst bed. To investigate this, the industrial scale MBR is scaled down to a pilot scale and indicative and key hydrodynamic parameters are investigated using developed experimental methods and CFD simulation. The local hydrodynamics is quantified using an experimental technique called two-tip optical probe (TTOP). Developed algorithms for TTOP to derive the local phase saturations, velocities, backmixing, maldistribution using the time series data of the probe. The results indicates high maldistribution zones inside the catalyst bed and found convincing evidence to link this to the conical design and plena of MBR. Overall Gas and Liquid dispersion/Mixing in the catalyst bed is investigated by tracer studies using a developed methodology based on residence time distribution (RTD), Convolution, Regression, and Catalyst Bed Models based on axial dispersion and wave model. Good gas/liquid dispersion is seen at the industrial scaled down operating condition. A CFD model is developed for the lower plenum of MBR and validated with gamma ray densitometry (GRD) for radial profile of line average phase volume fraction. The simulation indicates that the current design of lower plenum is enabling a dominant movement of phases only in the central region outlets of this plenum. A modification of the current design proves to perform better in terms of movement of phases along entire outlets of the lower plenum"--Abstract, page iv.
Author: Zeljko Kuzeljevic
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 217
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Book Description
In this study we develop the computational and experimental tools to assist us in performance evaluation of trickle bed reactors (TBRs). The study focuses on experimental characterization of the flow distribution, and development of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of trickle flow. The experimental study has been performed to examine the quality of liquid phase distribution in a high pressure system. The results were provided in terms of distribution of the effluent liquid fluxes and cross-sectional liquid holdups. Their individual trends, but also their relation with respect to operating conditions was examined. Characterization of bed porosity distribution has been performed and used as the input to the computational model. The experimental study of the dependence of the extent of hysteresis on operating parameters in a high pressure TBR was performed. The extent of hysteresis was found uniquely determined by the pressure drop in the Levec prewetting mode. This fact and developed CFD model were then used to deduce conditions leading to operation with negligible hysteresis effects. Three-dimensional Eulerian CFD model is developed. Phase interaction closures are based on the film flow model, principles of statistical hydrodynamics and relative permeability concept. Model has been assessed against experimental data for liquid holdup, wetting efficiency and pressure drop hysteresis. Hydrodynamic Eulerian CFD model is then used together with species balance to examine the TBR performance for gas and liquid reactant limited systems. For each case a closed form approach of coupling bed and particle scale solution within CFD framework was presented.
Author: Amir Motamed Dashliborun
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 364
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Book Description
Floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) systems have been introduced to offshore hydrocarbon exploitation sectors as readily movable tools for development of small or remote oil and gas fields in deeper water. These systems are increasingly contemplated for onboard treatment and refining operations of hydrocarbons extracted from undersea reservoirs near extraction sites using embarked packed-bed scrubbers and reactors. Numerous efforts in the literature to uncover the hydrodynamics of multiphase flow in packed beds have disclosed that such reactors continue to challenge us either in their design/scale-up or their operation. Furthermore, when such reactors are subjected to marine conditions, the interaction of phases becomes even more complex, resulting in further challenges for design and scale-up. The proposed research aims at providing important insights into the performance of two-phase flow packed-bed reactors in the context of floating industrial applications. To achieve this aim, a hexapod ship motion simulator with six-degree-of-freedom motions was employed to emulate FPSO movements while capacitance wire mesh sensors (WMS) and electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) coupled with the packed bed scrutinized on-line and locally the two-phase flow dynamic features. The effect of column tilts and oscillations on the hydrodynamic behavior of multiphase packed beds was investigated and then the results were compared with their corresponding onshore analogs. Moreover, potential operational strategies were proposed to diminish fluid maldistribution resulting from bed oscillations as well as for process intensification of heterogeneous catalytic reactions in packed-bed reactors. In parallel with the experiment studies, a 3D transient Eulerian CFD model was developed to simulate the hydrodynamic behavior of multiphase packed beds under column tilts and oscillations. Ultimately, a systematic experimental study was performed to address the amine-based CO2 capture performance of packed-bed scrubbers on board offshore floating vessels/platforms. Apart from gaining a comprehensive knowledge on the influence of translational and rotational movements on multiphase flows in porous media, oil and gas sectors and ship industry would benefit from the results of this work for design and scale-up of industrial reactors and scrubbers.
Author: Qiang Liao
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811076774
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 473
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Book Description
This book discusses recent trends and developments in the microbial conversion process, which serves as an important route for biofuel production, with particular attention to bioreactors. It combines microbial conversion with multiphase flow and mass transfer, providing an alternative perspective for the understanding of microbial biomass and energy production process as well as enhancement strategy. This book is relevant to students and researchers who work in the fields of renewable energy, engineering and biotechnology. Policymakers, economists and industry engineers also benefit from this book, as it can be used as a resource for the implementation of renewable energy technologies.
Author: Ali Asghar Rastegari
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030144631
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 528
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Book Description
This book discusses various renewable energy resources and technologies. Topics covered include recent advances in photobioreactor design; microalgal biomass harvesting, drying, and processing; and technological advances and optimised production systems as prerequisites for achieving a positive energy balance. It highlights alternative resources that can be used to replace fossil fuels, such as algal biofuels, biodiesel, bioethanol, and biohydrogen. Further, it reviews microbial technologies, discusses an immobilization method, and highlights the efficiency of enzymes as a key factor in biofuel production. In closing, the book outlines future research directions to increase oil yields in microalgae, which could create new opportunities for lipid-based biofuels, and provides an outlook on the future of global biofuel production. Given its scope, the book will appeal to all researchers and engineers working in the renewable energy sector.
Author: Urmila Diwekar
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1493922823
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Book Description
This book presents the details of the BONUS algorithm and its real world applications in areas like sensor placement in large scale drinking water networks, sensor placement in advanced power systems, water management in power systems, and capacity expansion of energy systems. A generalized method for stochastic nonlinear programming based on a sampling based approach for uncertainty analysis and statistical reweighting to obtain probability information is demonstrated in this book. Stochastic optimization problems are difficult to solve since they involve dealing with optimization and uncertainty loops. There are two fundamental approaches used to solve such problems. The first being the decomposition techniques and the second method identifies problem specific structures and transforms the problem into a deterministic nonlinear programming problem. These techniques have significant limitations on either the objective function type or the underlying distributions for the uncertain variables. Moreover, these methods assume that there are a small number of scenarios to be evaluated for calculation of the probabilistic objective function and constraints. This book begins to tackle these issues by describing a generalized method for stochastic nonlinear programming problems. This title is best suited for practitioners, researchers and students in engineering, operations research, and management science who desire a complete understanding of the BONUS algorithm and its applications to the real world.
Author: Zeynep Ilsen Önsan
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119248469
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 399
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Book Description
Provides a holistic approach to multiphase catalytic reactors from their modeling and design to their applications in industrial manufacturing of chemicals Covers theoretical aspects and examples of fixed-bed, fluidized-bed, trickle-bed, slurry, monolith and microchannel reactors Includes chapters covering experimental techniques and practical guidelines for lab-scale testing of multiphase reactors Includes mathematical content focused on design equations and empirical relationships characterizing different multiphase reactor types together with an assortment of computational tools Involves detailed coverage of multiphase reactor applications such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, fuel processing for fuel cells, hydrotreating of oil fractions and biofuels processing
Author: Jorge Ancheyta
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118002164
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 449
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Book Description
Modeling and Simulation of Catalytic Reactors for Petroleum Refining deals with fundamental descriptions of the main conversion processes employed in the petroleum refining industry: catalytic hydrotreating, catalytic reforming, and fluid catalytic cracking. Common approaches for modeling of catalytic reactors for steady-state and dynamic simulations are also described and analyzed. Aspects such as thermodynamics, reaction kinetics, process variables, process scheme, and reactor design are discussed in detail from both research and commercial points of view. Results of simulation with the developed models are compared with those determined at pilot plant scale as well as commercial practice. Kinetics data used in the reactor model are either taken from the literature or obtained under controlled experiments at the laboratory.
Author: Yi-Fang Chu
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470958782
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 353
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Book Description
Coffee: Emerging Health Benefits and Disease Prevention presents a comprehensive overview of the recent scientific advances in the field. The book focuses on the following topics: coffee constituents; pro- and antioxidant properties of coffee constituents; bioavailability of coffee constituents; health benefits and disease prevention effects of coffee; and potential negative impacts on health. Multiple chapters describe coffee's positive impact on health and various diseases: type 2 diabetes; neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson's and Alzheimer's); cancer (prostate, bladder, pancreatic, breast, ovarian, colon and colorectal); cardiovascular health; and liver health. Coffee's positive effects on mood, suicide rate and cognitive performance are addressed as are the negative health impacts of coffee on pregnancy, insulin sensitivity, dehydration, gastric irritation, anxiety, and withdrawal syndrome issues. Written by many of the top researchers in the world, Coffee: Emerging Health Benefits and Disease Prevention is a must-have reference for food professionals in academia, industry, and governmental and regulatory agencies whose work involves coffee.
Author: Mark Deakin
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1447166213
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 111
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Book Description
Maximizing reader insights into the strategic value of mass retrofits in the residential property sector through a detailed case study analysis of the ‘Hackbridge project’, this book uses this development to broaden understanding of how planners may perform urban regeneration in accordance with a centralized plan. This book demonstrates how urban morphology matters, not only with respect to either the geometry of design and construction systems, or occupational behaviours, but with regards to the potential with which the planning, (re)development, design, construction, use and occupation of buildings, has to not only lower levels of energy consumption and rates of carbon emission, but also to reduce global warming associated with climate change. Delivering a critique of the state-of-the-art on urban morphology, the geometry of design typologies, construction systems and occupational behaviours and armed with the critical insights this offers, this book offers a context-specific analysis of how institutions can begin to actively plan for, integrate and sustain the development of energy efficient-low carbon zones.
