Human T cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) infection, associated pathology and response of the host PDF Download
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Author: Roberto S. Accolla
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832527728
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
Author: Roberto S. Accolla
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832527728
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
Author: Umberto Bertazzoni
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889457508
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 225
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Book Description
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was the first human retrovirus discovered, in 1980, by Gallo and co-workers. About 5-10% of HTLV-1-infected individuals are at risk of developing either a fatal malignancy, adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), or a chronic neuroinflammatory syndrome, HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Both diseases are incurable at present. Many issues concerning HTLV-1’s life cycle and pathobiology are still unsolved or controversial, and new approaches for prognostic stratification of patients and eradication of HTLV-1 infection are in high demand. In this Research Topic, the focus has been centered on discussing two main themes: the functional analysis and oncogenic potential of HTLV-1 regulatory proteins and the control of HTLV-1-associated diseases. The 22 articles in this eBook cover many different aspects of HTLV-1 infection and pathogenesis, providing new perspectives and groundwork for future studies.
Author: Sonja Tattermusch
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Human T-lymphotropic virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that persists lifelong in the host. In ~4% of infected people, HTLV-1 causes a chronic disabling neuroinflammatory disease known as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The pathogenesis of HAM/TSP is unknown and treatment remains ineffective. In this study we aimed to identify patterns in frequencies of peripheral leukocyte populations and blood gene expression profiles of HTLV-1 carriers that suggest new hypotheses as to the mechanisms of HTLV-1 persistence and HAM/TSP pathology. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping of peripheral blood leukocytes revealed abnormal activation and maturation profiles of effector T cells but not antigen-presenting cells. High frequencies of circulating granzyme and perforin-rich CD8+ T cells were associated with an increased probability of HAM/TSP. However, the cytolytic capacity of these T cells is not known as although they accumulated cytolytic proteins, granzyme mRNA levels were down-regulated in patients with HAM/TSP. Furthermore, presence of HAM/TSP was associated with an expansion of CD56-negative NK cells, which are thought to have decreased cytolytic functions. Blood gene expression profiles identified perturbations of the p53 signalling pathway as a hallmark of HTLV-1 infection. In contrast, a subset of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes was over-expressed in patients with HAM/TSP but not in asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers or patients with the clinically similar disease multiple sclerosis. The IFN-inducible signature was present in all circulating leukocytes and its intensity correlated with the clinical severity of HAM/TSP. Leukocytes from patients with HAM/TSP were primed to respond strongly to stimulation with exogenous IFN. However, while type I IFN suppressed expression of the HTLV-1 structural protein Gag it failed to suppress the highly immunogenic viral transcriptional transactivator Tax. Based on our findings we hypothesise that impaired NK cell and T cell-mediated immune responses result in high HTLV-1 proviral loads but that the over-expression of a subset of IFN-stimulated genes contributes to the development of HAM/TSP.
Author:
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9240020225
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 78
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Book Description
Human T‐cell lymphotropic virus‐1 (HTLV‐1), is a retrovirus which causes lifelong infection in humans. Infection is sometimes asymptomatic, but chronic infection causes a spectrum of various clinical syndromes, the severe ones being an aggressive malignancy known as adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATL) and a progressive neurological condition known as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy. This Technical report on HTLV-1 captures the epidemiological status and management approaches for HTLV-1 virus infection and the diseases it causes. It presents best practice approaches and research evidence on how countries have addressed HTLV-1 so far. Prior to this report the WHO undertook consultations with member states and partners. Few public health measures have been implemented on a global scale to prevent infection with HTLV-1 or its consequences, or to manage ATL and HAM/TSP. Current evidence from countries suggests that more concerted global public health actions in containing this infectious disease can be implemented via integrated approach in the existing country programmes of STIs and HIV prevention and control. These include ongoing monitoring and surveillance of the virus. Blood testing at transfusion clinics, cessation of breast feeding, and partner testing and condom promotion are useful prevention strategies. Testing and treatment methods need new innovations with better technology to improve performance and efficacy. This report is a tool towards improving HTLV-1 prevention and control and reducing morbidity and mortality due to the virus.
Author: Michael B. A. Oldstone
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540307915
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 166
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Book Description
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Author: Bryan Cullen
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 9780199633821
Category : Gene Expression Regulation.
Languages : en
Pages : 220
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Book Description
The first book to specifically cover the molecular biology of retroviruses - of immense importance since the high profile of HIV. International contributors provide detailed reviews of the latest knowledge. An excellent text for both medical and non-medical researchers, it also serves as an illuminating introduction for scientists active in other areas.
Author: Moulay Mustapha Ennaji
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128149671
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 388
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Book Description
Emerging and Reemerging Viral Pathogens: Applied Virology Approaches Related to Human, Animal and Environmental Pathogens, Volume Two presents new research information on viruses and their impact on the scientific community. It provides a reference book on certain viruses in humans, animals and vegetal, along with a comprehensive discussion on interspecies interactions. The book then looks at the drug, vaccine and bioinformatical strategies that can be used against these viruses, giving the reader a clear understanding of transmission. The book's end goal is to create awareness that the appearance of newly transmissible pathogens is a global risk that requires shared/adoptable policies for prevention and control. Covers most emerging viral disease in humans, animals and plants Provides the most advanced tools and techniques in molecular virology and the modeling of viruses Creates awareness that the appearance of new transmissible pathogens is a global risk Highlights the need to adopt shared policies for the prevention and control of infectious diseases
Author: Hillard M. Lazarus
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1597454788
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 885
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Book Description
Since the original publication of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: Clinical Research and Practice, Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSC) has undergone several fast-paced changes. In this second edition, the editors have focused on topics relevant to evolving knowledge in the field in order to better guide clinicians in decision-making and management of their patients, as well as help lead laboratory investigators in new directions emanating from clinical observations. Some of the most respected clinicians and scientists in this discipline have responded to the recent advances in the field by providing state-of-the-art discussions addressing these topics in the second edition. The text covers the scope of human genomic variation, the methods of HLA typing and interpretation of high-resolution HLA results. Comprehensive and up-to-date, Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: Clinical Research and Practice, Second Edition offers concise advice on today's best clinical practice and will be of significant benefit to all clinicians and researchers in allogeneic HSC transplantation.
Author: Umberto Bertazzoni
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889194981
Category : HTLV-I (Virus)
Languages : en
Pages : 95
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Book Description
Human T-cell leukemia viruses type 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) share a common genetic organization, expression strategy and ability to infect and immortalize T-cells in vitro; however, HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 are strikingly different in terms of clinical impact. HTLV-1 is recognized as the aetiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), and HTLV-associated myeolopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), in contrast, HTLV-2 does not cause hematologic disorders and is only sporadically associated with cases of subacute myelopathy. HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 also exhibit distinct cellular tropisms in vivo: HTLV-1 is mainly found in CD4+T lymphocytes, whereas CD8+T-cells are the preferred target for HTLV-2. The articles contributed in this Research Topic are covering all the different aspects that characterize HTLV-1 and HTLV-2, by highlighting differences in their biology that might provide clues to their distinct pathogenic properties.
Author: Kazuo Sugamura
Publisher: S. Karger AG (Switzerland)
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 394
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Book Description
In April 2001, the Japanese Cancer Association was privileged to host a symposium in Kyoto to commemorate the twentieth anniversary of the discovery of the viral pathogenesis of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). In this monograph, the editors have selected not only papers presented at the symposium but also eminent papers of several individuals from around the world who have extensively researched human T-cell-leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I), the etiological virus of ATL, over the years. During the last two decades, HTLV-I was molecularly characterized as harboring a variety of oncogenic properties in its Tax protein. Epidemiological studies not only revealed the existence of HTLV-I-endemic areas in the world, but also disclosed the routes of transmission. Despite these great strides, the mechanisms of ATL development have not yet been fully clarified, and viable therapeutic measures are still to be established. This monograph contains recent exciting achievements in molecular virology, epidemiology, immunology and therapeutic trials as well as historical profiles of HTLV-I and HTLV-I-associated diseases.
