Author: Albert Pepitone
Publisher: Transaction Publishers
ISBN: 0202364240
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 258
Book Description
Attraction and Hostility
Author: Albert Pepitone
Publisher: Transaction Publishers
ISBN: 0202364240
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 258
Book Description
Publisher: Transaction Publishers
ISBN: 0202364240
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 258
Book Description
Attraction and Hostility
Author: Anton Pelinka
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351315307
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 313
Book Description
Attraction and hostility find expression in almost every variety of human relationship, and have consequently provided a central theme for social psychology since its beginnings. Yet attempts to conceptualize the diverse phenomena embraced in these terms have produced theories of such wide generality that they have little explanatory or predictive force. The object of the present study is to bring precision to a vast and sprawling area by setting limits and dimensions to the phenomena and investigating them experimentally on the basis of a series of hypotheses derived from a critical analysis of current conceptual approaches, including frustration, need-satisfaction, and dissonance models. The programme of experimental studies focuses on cognitive validation-a motivation to form and maintain subjectively valid evaluations of the self and the social environment-which is shown to be a common denominator of a number of attraction and hostility measures. The results throw light on reactions to boastfulness and to self-debasement; impressions of persons who are described by biased informants; effects of self-evaluation on competitiveness, and the projection of unfavourable characteristics. The interest of the study for social psychologists derives both from its theoretical integration of a wide range of behaviour and from its contribution to experimental design.
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351315307
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 313
Book Description
Attraction and hostility find expression in almost every variety of human relationship, and have consequently provided a central theme for social psychology since its beginnings. Yet attempts to conceptualize the diverse phenomena embraced in these terms have produced theories of such wide generality that they have little explanatory or predictive force. The object of the present study is to bring precision to a vast and sprawling area by setting limits and dimensions to the phenomena and investigating them experimentally on the basis of a series of hypotheses derived from a critical analysis of current conceptual approaches, including frustration, need-satisfaction, and dissonance models. The programme of experimental studies focuses on cognitive validation-a motivation to form and maintain subjectively valid evaluations of the self and the social environment-which is shown to be a common denominator of a number of attraction and hostility measures. The results throw light on reactions to boastfulness and to self-debasement; impressions of persons who are described by biased informants; effects of self-evaluation on competitiveness, and the projection of unfavourable characteristics. The interest of the study for social psychologists derives both from its theoretical integration of a wide range of behaviour and from its contribution to experimental design.
The Wiley Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, Measurement and Assessment
Author:
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119795249
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 695
Book Description
Volume 2, Measurement and Assessment of The Wiley Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences The Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences (EPID) is organized into four volumes that look at the many likenesses and differences between individuals. Each of these four volumes focuses on a major content area in the study of personality psychology and individuals' differences. The first volume, Models and Theories, surveys the significant classic and contemporary viewpoints, perspectives, models, and theoretical approaches to the study of personality and individuals' differences (PID). The second volume on Measurement and Assessment examines key classic and modern methods and techniques of assessment in the study of PID. Volume III, titled Personality Processes and Individuals Differences, covers the important traditional and current dimensions, constructs, and traits in the study of PID. The final volume discusses three major categories: clinical contributions, applied research, and cross-cultural considerations, and touches on topics such as culture and identity, multicultural identities, cross-cultural examinations of trait structures and personality processes, and more. Each volume contains approximately 100 entries on personality and individual differences written by a diverse international panel of leading psychologists Covers significant classic and contemporary personality psychology models and theories, measurement and assessment techniques, personality processes and individuals differences, and research Provides a comprehensive and in-depth overview of the field of personality psychology The Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences is an important resource for all psychology students and professionals engaging in the study and research of personality.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119795249
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 695
Book Description
Volume 2, Measurement and Assessment of The Wiley Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences The Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences (EPID) is organized into four volumes that look at the many likenesses and differences between individuals. Each of these four volumes focuses on a major content area in the study of personality psychology and individuals' differences. The first volume, Models and Theories, surveys the significant classic and contemporary viewpoints, perspectives, models, and theoretical approaches to the study of personality and individuals' differences (PID). The second volume on Measurement and Assessment examines key classic and modern methods and techniques of assessment in the study of PID. Volume III, titled Personality Processes and Individuals Differences, covers the important traditional and current dimensions, constructs, and traits in the study of PID. The final volume discusses three major categories: clinical contributions, applied research, and cross-cultural considerations, and touches on topics such as culture and identity, multicultural identities, cross-cultural examinations of trait structures and personality processes, and more. Each volume contains approximately 100 entries on personality and individual differences written by a diverse international panel of leading psychologists Covers significant classic and contemporary personality psychology models and theories, measurement and assessment techniques, personality processes and individuals differences, and research Provides a comprehensive and in-depth overview of the field of personality psychology The Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences is an important resource for all psychology students and professionals engaging in the study and research of personality.
The Wiley Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, Set
Author:
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119795273
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 2538
Book Description
The Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences (EPID) beschäftigt sich in vier Bänden mit Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschieden bei Individuen. Jeder Band konzentriert sich auf einen wichtigen Themenbereich bei der Untersuchung der Persönlichkeitspsychologie und den Unterschieden von Individuen. Der erste Band mit dem Titel Models and Theories betrachtet die wichtigsten klassischen und modernen Standpunkte, Perspektiven, Modelle und theoretischen Ansätze im Studium der Persönlichkeit und Unterschiede von Individuen. Der zweite Band, Measurement and Assessment, untersucht die wesentlichen klassischen und modernen Beurteilungsmethoden und -techniken. Der dritte Band mit dem Titel Personality Processes and Individual Differences erläutert die traditionellen und aktuellen Dimensionen, Konstrukte und Merkmale der Studienrichtung. Im vierten Band werden drei Hauptkategorien behandelt: klinische Zuarbeit, angewandte Forschung und interkulturelle Betrachtungen. Darüber hinaus werden Themen wie Kultur und Identität, multikulturelle Identitäten, interkulturelle Untersuchungen von Merkmalsstrukturen und Personalitätsprozesses u. v. m. behandelt. - Jeder Band enthält rund 100 Einträge zu Personalität und individuellen Unterschieden. Die Beiträge stammen von international führenden Psychologen. - Beschäftigt sich mit wichtigen klassischen und zeitgenössischen Modellen und Theorien der Persönlichkeitspsychologie, mit Mess- und Beurteilungsverfahren, Personalitätsprozessen und Unterschieden bei Individuen sowie mit Forschungsansätzen. - Bietet einen umfassenden und ausführlichen Überblick über die Persönlichkeitspsychologie. - The Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences ist ein wichtiges Referenzwerk für Studenten der Psychologie und Fachexperten, die sich mit der Untersuchung und Erforschung von Persönlichkeit beschäftigen.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119795273
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 2538
Book Description
The Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences (EPID) beschäftigt sich in vier Bänden mit Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschieden bei Individuen. Jeder Band konzentriert sich auf einen wichtigen Themenbereich bei der Untersuchung der Persönlichkeitspsychologie und den Unterschieden von Individuen. Der erste Band mit dem Titel Models and Theories betrachtet die wichtigsten klassischen und modernen Standpunkte, Perspektiven, Modelle und theoretischen Ansätze im Studium der Persönlichkeit und Unterschiede von Individuen. Der zweite Band, Measurement and Assessment, untersucht die wesentlichen klassischen und modernen Beurteilungsmethoden und -techniken. Der dritte Band mit dem Titel Personality Processes and Individual Differences erläutert die traditionellen und aktuellen Dimensionen, Konstrukte und Merkmale der Studienrichtung. Im vierten Band werden drei Hauptkategorien behandelt: klinische Zuarbeit, angewandte Forschung und interkulturelle Betrachtungen. Darüber hinaus werden Themen wie Kultur und Identität, multikulturelle Identitäten, interkulturelle Untersuchungen von Merkmalsstrukturen und Personalitätsprozesses u. v. m. behandelt. - Jeder Band enthält rund 100 Einträge zu Personalität und individuellen Unterschieden. Die Beiträge stammen von international führenden Psychologen. - Beschäftigt sich mit wichtigen klassischen und zeitgenössischen Modellen und Theorien der Persönlichkeitspsychologie, mit Mess- und Beurteilungsverfahren, Personalitätsprozessen und Unterschieden bei Individuen sowie mit Forschungsansätzen. - Bietet einen umfassenden und ausführlichen Überblick über die Persönlichkeitspsychologie. - The Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences ist ein wichtiges Referenzwerk für Studenten der Psychologie und Fachexperten, die sich mit der Untersuchung und Erforschung von Persönlichkeit beschäftigen.
Unfinished Seductions
Author: Raleigh Davis
Publisher: Penny Bright Publishing, LLC
ISBN:
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 243
Book Description
A billionaire husband and the estranged wife he never stopped loving… Callie: I only ever wanted to be the perfect wife. To prove to myself and a short-term world that Logan and I had a forever love. I was wrong. The harder I tried to be flawless, the farther apart we grew, until I never saw my husband. At least not at home—but definitely in the pages of gossip rags with beautiful women in his orbit, like in his playboy bachelor days. So I ran before my heart could break completely. But Logan’s found me… and he refuses to let me disappear again. Logan: I only ever wanted to be the perfect husband. To prove I could succeed where my dad hadn’t and provide my wife with everything she could ever want. I failed. The harder I worked, the more I made, the more I gave to her, the farther away Callie drifted. Until one day she was gone and my entire world went black. But I never stopped searching for her. When I find her, we reignite the passion between us—and uncover a whisper campaign to destroy our marriage. Finding who’s responsible and making them pay will be the easy part. Convincing Callie to give our marriage a second chance… that will be hardest fight of my life. Enter the world of Bastard Capital: Unrivaled men. Unimaginable wealth. Unlimited power. Binge read the complete series now! Books in the Bastard Capital Series Secret Acquisitions (Book One, Mark’s story) Unfinished Seductions (Book Two, Logan’s story) Competitive Instincts (Book Three, Finn’s story) Intimate Mergers (Book Four, Paul’s story) Hostile Attractions (Book Five, Elliot’s story) Private Disclosures (Book Six, Dev’s story) tech billionaire workplace office silicon valley marriage in trouble san francisco romance tech silicon valley billionaire romance enemies to lovers rivals san francisco office workplace billionaire wealthy suspense suspence romantic silicon valley venture capital romance enemies lovers rivals novel comedy alpha club books series boys workplace office banker male steamy hot sizzling thriller adventure silicon valley tech venture capitalist tycoon standalone
Publisher: Penny Bright Publishing, LLC
ISBN:
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 243
Book Description
A billionaire husband and the estranged wife he never stopped loving… Callie: I only ever wanted to be the perfect wife. To prove to myself and a short-term world that Logan and I had a forever love. I was wrong. The harder I tried to be flawless, the farther apart we grew, until I never saw my husband. At least not at home—but definitely in the pages of gossip rags with beautiful women in his orbit, like in his playboy bachelor days. So I ran before my heart could break completely. But Logan’s found me… and he refuses to let me disappear again. Logan: I only ever wanted to be the perfect husband. To prove I could succeed where my dad hadn’t and provide my wife with everything she could ever want. I failed. The harder I worked, the more I made, the more I gave to her, the farther away Callie drifted. Until one day she was gone and my entire world went black. But I never stopped searching for her. When I find her, we reignite the passion between us—and uncover a whisper campaign to destroy our marriage. Finding who’s responsible and making them pay will be the easy part. Convincing Callie to give our marriage a second chance… that will be hardest fight of my life. Enter the world of Bastard Capital: Unrivaled men. Unimaginable wealth. Unlimited power. Binge read the complete series now! Books in the Bastard Capital Series Secret Acquisitions (Book One, Mark’s story) Unfinished Seductions (Book Two, Logan’s story) Competitive Instincts (Book Three, Finn’s story) Intimate Mergers (Book Four, Paul’s story) Hostile Attractions (Book Five, Elliot’s story) Private Disclosures (Book Six, Dev’s story) tech billionaire workplace office silicon valley marriage in trouble san francisco romance tech silicon valley billionaire romance enemies to lovers rivals san francisco office workplace billionaire wealthy suspense suspence romantic silicon valley venture capital romance enemies lovers rivals novel comedy alpha club books series boys workplace office banker male steamy hot sizzling thriller adventure silicon valley tech venture capitalist tycoon standalone
Love and Attraction
Author: Mark Cook
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483279723
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 573
Book Description
Love and Attraction is a collection of papers presented at the International Conference on Love and Attraction. This book is organized into 12 parts encompassing 78 chapters that cover various aspects of the subjects, including friendship, intimacy, and sexuality. The introductory parts deal with the psychological aspects of physical attractiveness, non-verbal intimacy, attraction, and friendship. The subsequent parts examine the geographical difference in mate selection, marital relations, and romantic love. These chapters also look into the structural features of personality, behavior, and romantic love. These topics are followed by discussions of exchange theory applications to love and attraction; the social psychology of human sexuality; relationship between sexual behavior and society; and sex therapy. The final parts are devoted to other sex related topics, including sex therapy, erotica, arousal, child sexuality, and pedophilia. This book will prove useful to psychologists, sociologists, psychiatrists, counselors, and other academic and clinical workers.
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483279723
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 573
Book Description
Love and Attraction is a collection of papers presented at the International Conference on Love and Attraction. This book is organized into 12 parts encompassing 78 chapters that cover various aspects of the subjects, including friendship, intimacy, and sexuality. The introductory parts deal with the psychological aspects of physical attractiveness, non-verbal intimacy, attraction, and friendship. The subsequent parts examine the geographical difference in mate selection, marital relations, and romantic love. These chapters also look into the structural features of personality, behavior, and romantic love. These topics are followed by discussions of exchange theory applications to love and attraction; the social psychology of human sexuality; relationship between sexual behavior and society; and sex therapy. The final parts are devoted to other sex related topics, including sex therapy, erotica, arousal, child sexuality, and pedophilia. This book will prove useful to psychologists, sociologists, psychiatrists, counselors, and other academic and clinical workers.
Intimate Mergers
Author: Raleigh Davis
Publisher: Penny Bright Publishing, LLC
ISBN:
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 224
Book Description
A billionaire prince and the fake engagement that feels all too real… Grace: When I landed a job at a big-name tech company, it was like winning a golden ticket. At least until I uncovered a massive conspiracy and my golden ticket became a golden cage. Now I’m jobless and about to be deported. Imagine my surprise when Paul, the handsome Prince Charming of Bastard Capital, comes riding to my rescue. But then his mom, the Ice Queen, sweeps in and we’re suddenly pretending to be engaged. And my ex-employer acts like a big, bad troll and Paul saves me again. Fairy tales aren’t real, and I’m not princess, but Paul’s got me believing in the impossible… Paul: I’m a Bastard—the well bred, old money one. So when my mother shows up with an engagement ring and her unlucky choice of bride in tow, I don’t tell her to get lost. Instead, I spin a white lie about the wonderful woman I’m already engaged to. Grace is only too happy to take the deal—she fakes being in love and I set her up like royalty back home. She’s the perfect pretend fiancée: gracious, canny, and leaving very soon. But Grace turns out to be more than just an easy solution, with her sarcastic one liners, love of pro wrestling, and scorching hot kisses. And now I’m determined to make my fake fiancée my very real lover… Enter the world of Bastard Capital: Unrivaled men. Unimaginable wealth. Unlimited power. Binge read the complete series now! Books in the Bastard Capital Series Secret Acquisitions (Book One, Mark’s story) Unfinished Seductions (Book Two, Logan’s story) Competitive Instincts (Book Three, Finn’s story) Intimate Mergers (Book Four, Paul’s story) Hostile Attractions (Book Five, Elliot’s story) Private Disclosures (Book Six, Dev’s story) fake engagement tech silicon valley billionaire office workplace romance tech silicon valley billionaire romance enemies to lovers rivals san francisco office workplace billionaire wealthy suspense suspence romantic silicon valley venture capital romance enemies lovers rivals novel comedy alpha club books series boys workplace office banker male steamy hot sizzling thriller adventure silicon valley tech venture capitalist tycoon
Publisher: Penny Bright Publishing, LLC
ISBN:
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 224
Book Description
A billionaire prince and the fake engagement that feels all too real… Grace: When I landed a job at a big-name tech company, it was like winning a golden ticket. At least until I uncovered a massive conspiracy and my golden ticket became a golden cage. Now I’m jobless and about to be deported. Imagine my surprise when Paul, the handsome Prince Charming of Bastard Capital, comes riding to my rescue. But then his mom, the Ice Queen, sweeps in and we’re suddenly pretending to be engaged. And my ex-employer acts like a big, bad troll and Paul saves me again. Fairy tales aren’t real, and I’m not princess, but Paul’s got me believing in the impossible… Paul: I’m a Bastard—the well bred, old money one. So when my mother shows up with an engagement ring and her unlucky choice of bride in tow, I don’t tell her to get lost. Instead, I spin a white lie about the wonderful woman I’m already engaged to. Grace is only too happy to take the deal—she fakes being in love and I set her up like royalty back home. She’s the perfect pretend fiancée: gracious, canny, and leaving very soon. But Grace turns out to be more than just an easy solution, with her sarcastic one liners, love of pro wrestling, and scorching hot kisses. And now I’m determined to make my fake fiancée my very real lover… Enter the world of Bastard Capital: Unrivaled men. Unimaginable wealth. Unlimited power. Binge read the complete series now! Books in the Bastard Capital Series Secret Acquisitions (Book One, Mark’s story) Unfinished Seductions (Book Two, Logan’s story) Competitive Instincts (Book Three, Finn’s story) Intimate Mergers (Book Four, Paul’s story) Hostile Attractions (Book Five, Elliot’s story) Private Disclosures (Book Six, Dev’s story) fake engagement tech silicon valley billionaire office workplace romance tech silicon valley billionaire romance enemies to lovers rivals san francisco office workplace billionaire wealthy suspense suspence romantic silicon valley venture capital romance enemies lovers rivals novel comedy alpha club books series boys workplace office banker male steamy hot sizzling thriller adventure silicon valley tech venture capitalist tycoon
The Social Psychology of Attraction and Romantic Relationships
Author: Madeleine A. Fugère
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN: 113732483X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 256
Book Description
Why are we attracted to some people and not to others? Are first impressions accurate? Why do some romantic relationships succeed while others fail? Are our romantic choices influenced by evolution? In tackling questions like these, The Social Psychology of Attraction and Romantic Relationships reviews the theory and research behind this fascinating area. It combines real-life anecdotes and popular media examples with the latest psychological studies, making it a lively and engaging read. Ideal for students of social psychology and intimate relationships courses, this is a comprehensive introduction to an everyday subject that, on closer investigation, proves to be a dynamic, intriguing, and sometimes surprising area.
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN: 113732483X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 256
Book Description
Why are we attracted to some people and not to others? Are first impressions accurate? Why do some romantic relationships succeed while others fail? Are our romantic choices influenced by evolution? In tackling questions like these, The Social Psychology of Attraction and Romantic Relationships reviews the theory and research behind this fascinating area. It combines real-life anecdotes and popular media examples with the latest psychological studies, making it a lively and engaging read. Ideal for students of social psychology and intimate relationships courses, this is a comprehensive introduction to an everyday subject that, on closer investigation, proves to be a dynamic, intriguing, and sometimes surprising area.
Smokechasing
Author: Stephen J. Pyne
Publisher: University of Arizona Press
ISBN: 0816549109
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 277
Book Description
"Painting, architecture, politics, even gardening and golf—all have their critics and commentators," observes Stephen Pyne. "Fire does not." Aside from news reports on fire disasters, most writing about fire appears in government reports and scientific papers—and in journalism that has more in common with the sports page than the editorial page. Smokechasing presents commentaries by one of America's leading fire scholars, who analyzes fire the way another might an election campaign or a literary work. "Smokechasing" is an American coinage describing the practice of sending firefighters into the wild to track down the source of reported smoke. Now a self-described "friendly fire critic" tracks down more of the history and lore of fire in a collection that focuses on wildland fire and its management. Building on and complementing a previous anthology, World Fire, this new collection features thirty-two original articles and substantial revisions of works that have previously appeared in print. Pyne addresses many issues that have sparked public concern in the wake of disastrous wildfires in the West, such as fire ecology, federal fire management, and questions relating to fire suppression. He observes that the mistake in fire policy has been not that wildfires are suppressed but that controlled fires are no longer ignited; yet the attempted forced reintroduction of fire through prescribed burning has proved difficult, and sometimes damaging. There are, Pyne argues, many fire problems; some have technical solutions, some not. But there is no evading humanity's unique power and responsibility: what we don't do may be as ecologically powerful as what we do. Throughout the collection, Pyne makes it clear that humans and fire interact at particular places and times to profoundly shape the world, and that understanding the contexts in which fire occurs can tell us much about the world's natural and cultural landscapes. Fire's context gives it its meaning, and Smokechasing not only helps illuminate those contexts but also shows us how to devise new contexts for tomorrow's fires.
Publisher: University of Arizona Press
ISBN: 0816549109
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 277
Book Description
"Painting, architecture, politics, even gardening and golf—all have their critics and commentators," observes Stephen Pyne. "Fire does not." Aside from news reports on fire disasters, most writing about fire appears in government reports and scientific papers—and in journalism that has more in common with the sports page than the editorial page. Smokechasing presents commentaries by one of America's leading fire scholars, who analyzes fire the way another might an election campaign or a literary work. "Smokechasing" is an American coinage describing the practice of sending firefighters into the wild to track down the source of reported smoke. Now a self-described "friendly fire critic" tracks down more of the history and lore of fire in a collection that focuses on wildland fire and its management. Building on and complementing a previous anthology, World Fire, this new collection features thirty-two original articles and substantial revisions of works that have previously appeared in print. Pyne addresses many issues that have sparked public concern in the wake of disastrous wildfires in the West, such as fire ecology, federal fire management, and questions relating to fire suppression. He observes that the mistake in fire policy has been not that wildfires are suppressed but that controlled fires are no longer ignited; yet the attempted forced reintroduction of fire through prescribed burning has proved difficult, and sometimes damaging. There are, Pyne argues, many fire problems; some have technical solutions, some not. But there is no evading humanity's unique power and responsibility: what we don't do may be as ecologically powerful as what we do. Throughout the collection, Pyne makes it clear that humans and fire interact at particular places and times to profoundly shape the world, and that understanding the contexts in which fire occurs can tell us much about the world's natural and cultural landscapes. Fire's context gives it its meaning, and Smokechasing not only helps illuminate those contexts but also shows us how to devise new contexts for tomorrow's fires.
Gender and the Media
Author: Marcia Texler Segal
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN: 1787543307
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 236
Book Description
A variety of print, audio and visual media, including comics, trade publications, music and newspapers, are considered to explore the portrayal of gender and gender-related issues. With a focus on girls and women, the chapters ponder how media formats both shape, and are shaped by, the social order.
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN: 1787543307
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 236
Book Description
A variety of print, audio and visual media, including comics, trade publications, music and newspapers, are considered to explore the portrayal of gender and gender-related issues. With a focus on girls and women, the chapters ponder how media formats both shape, and are shaped by, the social order.