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Author: Eef Hogervorst
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521899370
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 293
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Book Description
Basic and clinical research on sex steroids, ageing, and cognition to integrate existing findings with emerging data.
Author: Eef Hogervorst
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521899370
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 293
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Book Description
Basic and clinical research on sex steroids, ageing, and cognition to integrate existing findings with emerging data.
Author: Paula Alhola
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cognition
Languages : en
Pages : 136
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Book Description
Author: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781490565668
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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Book Description
In this systematic evidence review, we evaluate data on the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to prevent cognitive decline and dementia in healthy postmenopausal women. Specifically, we reviewed the literature reporting effects of HRT on cognitive function in women without dementia. In addition, we conducted a review and meta-analysis of studies of HRT and dementia, focusing on Alzheimer disease. Results of this review have been recently published. This report is part of a larger project on the risks and benefits of HRT prepared for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force to assist them in making recommendations. Between 3 and 8 million people in the United States have dementia. The most common type of dementia is Alzheimer disease, which affects 3 to 4 million people and is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. The incidence of dementia is 1 percent per year in older individuals, although in the most elderly populations this rate may be as high as 2 to 3 percent. One community-based prevalence study in east Boston estimated that almost 50 percent of those aged 85 and over suffered from dementia. Most studies report that after accounting for differences in life expectancy, women have a 1.4 to 3-fold higher risk of Alzheimer disease than men. The life expectancy of demented patients is greatly reduced. Those with early-onset (before age 60) Alzheimer disease have a median survival of 6.7 to 8.1 years, while survival in those with late-onset disease is 4.8 to 6.0 years. In 1991, the annual cost of Alzheimer disease was estimated to be $67.3 billion. Given the expected growth of the elderly population, this financial cost, as well as the emotional and physical costs of caring for demented patients, will continue to increase. Observational data suggest a possible but inconsistent relationship between endogenous estrogen exposure and cognition. Women in the high estrogen phase of the menstrual cycle have been shown to perform better on tests of motor skills compared to when they are in the low estrogen phase of the cycle. Bone mineral density, hypothesized to be a marker of cumulative estrogen exposure, has been correlated with risk of cognitive deterioration. Because of the association between endogenous estrogen exposure and cognition, it can be hypothesized that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after menopause may prevent cognitive decline and the development of dementia.
Author: Natalie L. Rasgon
Publisher: JHU Press
ISBN: 0801888905
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 181
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Book Description
This timely volume reviews current data on the effects of estrogen on the central nervous system, highlighting clinical aspects of this topic. Experts from the fields of psychiatry, pharmacology, neurology, and geriatrics collaborate to clarify the known risks and benefits of hormone therapy and explore questions that remain to be elucidated. Among the topics discussed: " Preclinical data on estrogen's effects on cognitive performance " The short-lived effects of hormone replacement therapy on cognitive function " Structural and functional brain imaging data regarding estrogen's effects on the central nervous system " Preclinical efforts to develop effective NeuroSERMs for the brain " The effects of estrogen on mood Citing the ongoing confusion over the risks and benefits of estrogen therapy, the contributors emphasize the need for additional research on medication, doses, preparations, methods of administration, alternative therapies, and supplements. This volume educates researchers, clinicians, and students on the current knowledge—including the effects of estrogen on mood, cognition, and brain metabolism—and provides guidelines for clinical practice and future research. Contributors: Roberta Diaz Brinton, Ph.D., University of Southern California; Cheri L. Geist, B.A., David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles; Robert B. Gibbs, Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy; Eva Hogervorst, Ph.D., University of Loughborough and University of Oxford; Pauline M. Maki, Ph.D., Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of Illinois–Chicago; Peter J. Schmidt, M.D., National Institute of Mental Health; Daniel H. S. Silverman, M.D., Ph.D., David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles; Katherine E. Williams, M.D., Stanford University School of Medicine; Kristine Yaffe, M.D., University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco VA Medical Center; Laurel N. Zappert, B.A., Stanford University School of Medicine; Liqin Zhao, Ph.D., University of Southern California
Author: Erin LeBlanc
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
CONTEXT: Although postmenopausal hormone replacement (HRT) therapy is widely used, its risks and benefits are not well understood. Some observational data suggest that HRT may reduce the risk of cognitive decline and dementia but results have been conflicting. OBJECTIVE: To review and evaluate studies of HRT for preventing cognitive decline and dementia in healthy postmenopausal women. DATA SOURCES: Studies with English-language abstracts identified in MEDLINE (1966-December 2000), HealthSTAR (1975-December 2000), PsychINFO (1984-December 2000); Cochrane Library databases; and articles listed in reference lists of key articles. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials and cohort studies were reviewed for the effects of HRT on cognitive decline; cohort and case-control studies were reviewed for dementia risk. No randomized controlled trials regarding dementia risk were identified. DATA EXTRACTION: Twenty-nine studies met inclusion criteria and were rated. Two reviewers rated study quality independently and 100% agreement was reached on Jadad scores and 80% agreement was reached on U.S. Preventive Services Task Force quality scores. A final score was reached through consensus if reviewers disagreed. DATA SYNTHESIS: Studies of cognition were not combined quantitatively because of heterogeneous study design. Women symptomatic from menopause had improvements in verbal memory, vigilance, reasoning, and motor speed, but no enhancement of other cognitive functions. Generally, no benefits were observed in asymptomatic women. A Bayesian meta-analysis of 12 observational studies suggested that HRT was associated with a decreased risk of dementia (summary odds ratio, 0.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.53-0.82). However, possible biases and lack of control for potential confounders limit interpretation of these studies. Eight studies received a poor quality rating, 3 fair, and 1 good. Studies did not contain enough information to assess adequately the effects of progestin use, various estrogen preparations or doses, or duration of therapy. CONCLUSIONS: In women with menopausal symptoms, HRT may have specific cognitive effects, and future studies should target these effects. The meta-analysis found a decreased risk of dementia in HRT users but most studies had important methodological limitations.
Author: Grace J. Lee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Menopause
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
Abstract Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may protect postmenopausal women from cognitive decline. The effect of HRT on the relative decline in cognitive functioning of postmenopausal women across time was examined in 104 participants (35 HRT users, 15 HRT non-users, and 54 males) who completed neuropsychological evaluations at baseline and follow-up. On language scores, HRT users demonstrated more improvement over time than did men, whereas HRT non-users performed similar to men. Additionally, more years of HRT use was associated with more improvement in HRT users' delayed verbal memory scores between baseline and follow-up, r(28) = .34,p
Author: James Timothy Poysky
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cognition
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
Author: Hilary O. D. Critchley
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781904752110
Category : Menopause
Languages : en
Pages : 364
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Book Description
Author: Victor W. Henderson
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781850700784
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Book Description
Written by an acknowledged leader in the field, this is a vital clinical reference on the influence of estrogen replacement therapy on Alzheimer's disease, visual dementia, stroke, disorders of movement, epilepsy, migraine headache, and multiple sclerosis. It opens with introductory information and an overview of estrogen and the brain and with coverage of the mechanisms of estrogen action on the brain and the neuroprotective effects of estrogen. Two sections cover the effects of estrogen replacement therapy on mood behavior and cognition and a major section focuses on Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Another key section covers other neurological disorders, including stroke prevention after menopause, stroke protection in men, neuroprotection after stroke, movement disorders, epilepsy, migraine headache, and multiple sclerosis. Includes color illustrations, bibliographic references and index.
Author: Subhrangsu S. Mandal
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527322817
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 678
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Book Description
The first of its kind, this reference gives a comprehensive but concise introduction to epigenetics before covering the many interactions between hormone regulation and epigenetics at all levels. The contents are very well structured with no overlaps between chapters, and each one features supplementary material for use in presentations. Throughout, major emphasis is placed on pathological conditions, aiming at the many physiologists and developmental biologists who are familiar with the importance and mechanisms of hormone regulation but have a limited background in epigenetics.
