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Author: Mark Bovens
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192507915
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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Book Description
Lay politics lies at the heart of democracy. Political offices are the only offices for which no formal qualifications are required. Contemporary political practices are diametrically opposed to this constitutional ideal. Most democracies in Western Europe are diploma democracies - ruled by those with the highest formal qualifications. Citizens with low or medium educational qualifications currently make up about 70 percent of the electorates, yet they have become virtually absent from almost all political arenas. University graduates have come to dominate all political institutions and venues, from political parties, parliaments and cabinets, to organised interests, deliberative settings, and Internet consultations. This rise of a political meritocracy is part of larger trend. In the information society, educational background, like class or religion, is an important source of social and political divides. Those who are well educated tend to be cosmopolitans, whereas the lesser educated citizens are more likely to be nationalists. This book documents the context, contours, and consequences of this rise of a political meritocracy. It explores the domination of higher educated citizens in political participation, civil society, and political office in Western Europe. It discusses the consequences of this rise of a political meritocracy, such as descriptive deficits, policy incongruences, biased standards, and cynicism and distrust. Also, it looks at ways to remedy, or at least mitigate, some of the negative effects of diploma democracy.
Author: Mark Bovens
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192507915
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 328
Get Book Here
Book Description
Lay politics lies at the heart of democracy. Political offices are the only offices for which no formal qualifications are required. Contemporary political practices are diametrically opposed to this constitutional ideal. Most democracies in Western Europe are diploma democracies - ruled by those with the highest formal qualifications. Citizens with low or medium educational qualifications currently make up about 70 percent of the electorates, yet they have become virtually absent from almost all political arenas. University graduates have come to dominate all political institutions and venues, from political parties, parliaments and cabinets, to organised interests, deliberative settings, and Internet consultations. This rise of a political meritocracy is part of larger trend. In the information society, educational background, like class or religion, is an important source of social and political divides. Those who are well educated tend to be cosmopolitans, whereas the lesser educated citizens are more likely to be nationalists. This book documents the context, contours, and consequences of this rise of a political meritocracy. It explores the domination of higher educated citizens in political participation, civil society, and political office in Western Europe. It discusses the consequences of this rise of a political meritocracy, such as descriptive deficits, policy incongruences, biased standards, and cynicism and distrust. Also, it looks at ways to remedy, or at least mitigate, some of the negative effects of diploma democracy.
Author: Nick Fellows
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107659957
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 241
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Book Description
An exciting series that covers selected topics from the Higher Level options in the IB History syllabus. This coursebook covers Higher Level option 3, Topic 9, Political Developments in the Americas after the Second World War 1945-79. The text is divided into clear sections following the IB syllabus structure and content specifications. It offers a sound historical account along with detailed explanations and analysis, and an emphasis on historical debate to prepare students for the in-depth, extended essay required in the Paper 3 examination. It also provides plenty of exam practice including student answers with examiner's comments, simplified mark schemes and practical advice on approaching the Paper 3 examination.
Author: Mike Wells
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107560969
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 249
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Book Description
Comprehensive second editions of History for the IB Diploma Paper 1, revised for first teaching in 2015.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 1038
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Europe
Languages : en
Pages : 998
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Book Description
Author: Jean Bottaro
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 110755635X
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 321
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Book Description
Comprehensive second editions of History for the IB Diploma Paper 2, revised for first teaching in 2015. This coursebook covers Paper 2, World History Topic 9: Evolution and Development of Democratic States (1848-2000) of the History for the IB Diploma syllabus for first assessment in 2017. Tailored to the requirements of the IB syllabus and written by experienced IB History examiners and teachers, it offers authoritative and engaging guidance through the following detailed studies from around the world: South Africa, India, Germany, and the USA.
Author: John Stanley
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107698901
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 241
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Book Description
An exciting series that covers selected topics from the Higher Level options in the IB History syllabus. This coursebook covers Higher Level option 3, Topic 10, The Cold War and the Americas 1945-81. The text is divided into clear sections following the IB syllabus structure and content specifications. It offers a sound historical account along with detailed explanations and analysis, and an emphasis on historical debate to prepare students for the in-depth, extended essay required in the Paper 3 examination. It also provides plenty of exam practice including student answers with examiner's comments, simplified mark schemes and practical advice on approaching the Paper 3 examination.
Author: Dublin city, univ
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 750
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Book Description
Author: Michael Scott-Baumann
Publisher: Hodder Education
ISBN: 1471839230
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 333
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Book Description
A new book for Paper 1, Prescribed Subject 4: Rights and Protest The renowned IB Diploma History series, combining compelling narratives with academic rigor. An authoritative and engaging narrative, with the widest variety of sources at this level, helping students to develop their knowledge and analytical skills. Provides: - Reliable, clear and in-depth content from topic experts - Analysis of the historiography surrounding key debates - Dedicated exam practice with model answers and practice questions - TOK support and Historical Investigation questions to help with all aspects of the Diploma
Author: Allan Todd
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521189322
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 241
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Book Description
An exciting new series that covers the five Paper 2 topics of the IB 20th Century World History syllabus. This stimulating coursebook covers Paper 2, Topic 5, The Cold War, in the 20th Century World History syllabus for the IB History programme. The book is divided into thematic sections, following the IB syllabus structure and is written in clear, accessible English. It covers the following areas for detailed study: Wartime conferences: Yalta and Potsdam; US policies and developments in Europe: Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, NATO; Soviet policies: Sovietisation of Eastern and Central Europe, COMECON, Warsaw Pact; Sino-Soviet relations; US-Chinese relations; Germany; and Castro, Gorbachev, Kennedy, Mao, Reagan, Stalin, Truman.
