Author: Jake Christopher Kurczek
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Amnesia
Languages : en
Pages : 156
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Book Description
The final goal of this study was to understand the effects of unilateral hippocampal damage on language processing. Individuals with unilateral hippocampal damage participated in all of the previous experiments. It was predicted that individuals with left hippocampal damage would perform worse than individuals with right hippocampal damage, and their performance was significantly impaired across measures. This suggests that the left hippocampus may be particularly important for processing linguistic material outside of even verbal memory.
Author: Deborah E. Hannula
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319504061
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 587
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Book Description
The hippocampus has long been considered a critical substrate in the neurobiology, neuropsychology, and cognitive neuroscience of memory. Over the past few decades, a number of ground-breaking theoretical and methodological advances have radically enhanced our understanding of the structure and function of the hippocampus and revolutionized the neuroscientific study of memory. Cutting across disciplines and approaches, these advances offer novel insights into the molecular and cellular structure and physiology of the hippocampus, the role of hippocampus in the formation, (re)consolidation, enhancement, and retrieval of memory across time and development, and permit investigators to address questions about how the hippocampus interacts, functionally and anatomically, with other neural systems in service of memory. In addition, recent investigations also suggest that the mechanistic properties and functional processing features of the hippocampus permit broader contributions to cognition, beyond memory, to the domains of attention, decision-making, language, social cognition, and a variety of other capacities that are critical for flexible cognition and behavior. These advances have profound implications for the neurobiology and cognitive neuroscience of hippocampus dependent cognition and for the numerous psychiatric and neurological diseases and disorders for which hippocampal pathology is a hallmark such as Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia. The goal of this book is to bring together in a single source an integrated review of these advances providing state of the art treatment on the structure and function of the hippocampus. Contributors will examine the hippocampus from a variety of levels (from cells to systems) using a wide range of methods (from neurobiological approaches in non-human animals to neuroimaging and neuropsychological work in humans).
Author: Saleh Alamri
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
Humans display distinct unlimited capacity to produce expressions in language and use them flexibly in language processing. This characteristic of human language allows speakers to use novel, flexible, and complex structures during communication. Neurobiologically, however, it is not fully understood how the rapid process of language production and language comprehension occurs, including word generation, interpretations and common representations that facilitate the process of real-time language processing. The classical theories and approaches have limited the language network to perisylvian cortical regions, namely the Broca's and Wernicke's areas. This thesis proposes that the language network goes beyond the cortical regions indicated by traditional views. In doing so, this thesis puts forward a hypothesis that subcortical structures are not only fundamental to memory but also to language, in which online language processing receives a major contribution from the hippocampal declarative memory, which allows speakers and listeners to use language flexibly. The mechanism of such a contribution by the hippocampal declarative memory system during online language processing is via relational binding in which hippocampal declarative memory rapidly retrieves a network of relative, stored information to serve in the particular context. To support the hypothesis of hippocampal implications in language processing, several pathologies that affect the hippocampus have been reviewed, including Alzheimer's disease, Down syndrome, Williams' syndrome, schizophrenia, depression and bipolar disorder. The review evaluated hippocampal neurobiological alterations in each pathology, and determined cognitive and language profiles. Findings from previous pathologies indicate that the hippocampus affects language at two levels. First, in the general delay in language acquisition and other cognitive aspects, and second, in the disturbed use of language during online communication; short lag interaction is seen to occur when the hippocampal formation is lesioned. It appears that hippocampal lesions suppress the flexible use of stored information within certain contexts in communication, as it does in flexible navigation in animal models. This thesis concludes that the hippocampus is a multi-cognitive operator that is implicated in several cognitive areas including the flexible use of language during real-time processing, and therefore it should be taken into account in the language network in the human brain.
Author: Nathaniel Bloem Klooster
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hippocampus (Brain)
Languages : en
Pages : 149
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Book Description
Semantic memory includes vocabulary and word meanings, conceptual information, and general facts about the world (Tulving, 1972). According to the standard view of semantic memory in cognitive neuroscience, the hippocampus is necessary to first acquire new semantic information (Gabrieli, Cohen, & Corkin, 1988), but these representations are then consolidated in the neocortex and become independent of the hippocampus with time (McClelland, McNaughton, & O'Reilly, 1995). Remote semantic memory is considered independent of the hippocampus, and the hippocampus is not thought to play a critical role in the processing and use of such representations. The current work challenges the notion that previously acquired semantic knowledge, and its use during communication, is independent of the hippocampus. A group of patients with bilateral hippocampal damage and severe impairments in declarative memory were tested. Intact naming and word-definition matching performance in amnesia, has led to the notion that remote semantic memory is intact in patients with hippocampal amnesia. Motivated by perspectives of word learning as a protracted process where additional features and senses of a word are added over time, and by recent discoveries about the time course of hippocampal contributions to on-line relational processing, reconsolidation, and the flexible integration of information, we revisit the notion that remote semantic memory is intact in amnesia. Using measures of semantic richness and vocabulary depth from psycholinguistics and first and second language-learning studies, we examined how much information is associated with previously acquired, highly familiar words in hippocampal amnesic patients.
Author: Per Andersen
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 9780195100273
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 892
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Book Description
The hippocampus is one of a group of remarkable structures embedded within the brain's medial temporal lobe. Long known to be important for memory, it has been a prime focus of neuroscience research for many years. The Hippocampus Book promises to facilitate developments in the field in a major way by bringing together, for the first time, contributions by leading international scientists knowledgeable about hippocampal anatomy, physiology, and function. This authoritative volume offers the most comprehensive, up-to-date account of what the hippocampus does, how it does it, and what happens when things go wrong. At the same time, it illustrates how research focusing on this single brain structure has revealed principles of wider generality for the whole brain in relation to anatomical connectivity, synaptic plasticity, cognition and behavior, and computational algorithms. Well-organized in its presentation of both theory and experimental data, this peerless work vividly illustrates the astonishing progress that has been made in unraveling the workings of the brain. The Hippocampus Book is destined to take a central place on every neuroscientist's bookshelf.
Author: Greig I. de Zubicaray
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190914866
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 672
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Book Description
Neurolinguistics is a young and highly interdisciplinary field, with influences from psycholinguistics, psychology, aphasiology, and (cognitive) neuroscience, as well as other fields. Neurolinguistics, like psycholinguistics, covers aspects of language processing; but unlike psycholinguistics, it draws on data from patients with damage to language processing capacities, or the use of modern neuroimaging technologies such as fMRI, TMS, or both. The burgeoning interest in neurolinguistics reflects that an understanding of the neural bases of this data can inform more biologically plausible models of the human capacity for language. The Oxford Handbook of Neurolinguistics provides concise overviews of this rapidly-growing field, and engages a broad audience with an interest in the neurobiology of language. The chapters do not attempt to provide exhaustive coverage, but rather present discussions of prominent questions posed by given topics. The volume opens with essential methodological chapters: Section I, Methods, covers the key techniques and technologies used to study the neurobiology of language today, with chapters structured along the basic divisions of the field. Section II addresses the neurobiology of language acquisition during healthy development and in response to challenges presented by congenital and acquired conditions. Section III covers the many facets of our articulate brain, or speech-language pathology, and the capacity for language production-written, spoken, and signed. Questions regarding how the brain comprehends meaning, including emotions at word and discourse levels, are addressed in Section IV. Finally, Section V reaches into broader territory, characterizing and contextualizing the neurobiology of language with respect to more fundamental neuroanatomical mechanisms and general cognitive domains.
Author: Howard Eichenbaum
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0198024703
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 594
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Book Description
This cutting-edge book offers a theoretical account of the evolution of multiple memory systems of the brain. The authors conceptualize these memory systems from both behavioral and neurobiological perspectives, guided by three related principles. First, that our understanding of a wide range of memory phenomena can be advanced by breaking down memory into multiple forms with different operating characteristics. Second, that different forms of memory representation are supported by distinct brain pathways with circuitry and neural coding properties. Third, that the contributions of different brain systems can be compared and contrasted by distinguishing between dedicated (or specific) and elaborate (or general) memory systems. A primary goal of this work is to relate the neurobiological properties of dedicated and elaborate systems to their neuropsychological counterparts, and in so doing, account for the phenomenology of memory, from conditioning to conscious recollection.
Author: Melissa Duff
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889661210
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 263
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Book Description
Language and memory have historically been studied apart, as unique cognitive abilities, and with distinct research traditions and methods. Over the past several decades, however, a growing body of evidence suggests that language and memory are heavily intertwined and may even rely on shared cognitive and neural mechanisms. Cutting across theoretical and methodological approaches, these findings offer novel insights into the interactions and interdependencies of language and memory. These advances also have considerable theoretical and clinical implications for the neurobiology of language and memory, their development, representation, and maintenance across the lifespan, the intervention and rehabilitation of disorders of language and memory, and the evolution of these two quintessential human abilities.
Author: Ricardo Insausti
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642048048
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 99
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Book Description
The postnatal development of the human hippocampal formation (HF) is subject of increasing interest due to its implication in important pathologies that hamper the normal development of children. In this work, the authors present a glimpse of the main events that constitute important milestones in the development and shaping of some of the most important psychological capabilities such as autobiographical memory. Although they examined some cases in the last trimester of gestation, their description starts at birth, around 40 gestational weeks. Serial sections with thionin for Nissl analysis revealed that all fields of the HF were present and identifiable at birth. However, the relative growth of the cortical mantle was much higher relative to the HF. The main structural changes took place during the first postnatal year, in particular in the dentate gyrus and in the entorhinal cortex. At subsequent ages, a growth in size was noted in all components of the HF. This growth was more evident at the body and tail of the hippocampus, as evidenced by measurements of the neuroanatomical series. In addition, the authors examined in some cases the MRI appearance of the HF at different postnatal ages obtained by post-mortem imaging. MRI neuroanatomical series provided anatomically identified landmarks useful for the MRI identification of different components of the HF during postnatal development.
Author: Nikolai Axmacher
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319450662
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 418
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Book Description
This edited volume provides an overview the state-of-the-art in the field of cognitive neuroscience of memory consolidation. In a number of sections, the editors collect contributions of leading researchers . The topical focus lies on current issues of interest such as memory consolidation including working and long-term memory. In particular, the role of sleep in relation to memory consolidation will be addressed. The target audience primarily comprises research experts in the field of cognitive neuroscience but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students.
