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Author: E.I. Givargizov
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 416
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Book Description
Anisotropy, i.e., the dependence of structure and properties on direction in space, is the most striking characteristic of crystals. Anisotropy is a result of the discrete nature of the crystal lattice, and it is the characteristic which distinguishes the crystalline state from another solid state of matter, the amorphous. The anisotropy of the structure and properties of crystals (this can be called their 'internal anisotropy') is also reflected in their external structure, i.e., morphology. The reflection is, however, non-linear: properties such as mechanical hardness ... do not change strongly (typically several tens of percents, depending on direction) while the morphology ... : the linear sizes in different directions of individual crystals often differ by several multiples or even several orders of magnitude, depending on the symmetry of the crystalline lattice and/or of the crystal prehistory. The enhanced anisotropy of morphology is, as a rule, a result of growth kinetics of different crystalline faces; it reflects a non-linear character of the kinetic laws of growth. This book is devoted to high morphological anisotropy. No strict classification of highly-anisotropic crystals exists. However some typical forms, or habits, can be singled out: first, whiskers (or needles, or fibers) as quasi-one-dimensional crystals, and second, platelets as quasi-two-dimensional crystals.
Author: E.I. Givargizov
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 416
Get Book Here
Book Description
Anisotropy, i.e., the dependence of structure and properties on direction in space, is the most striking characteristic of crystals. Anisotropy is a result of the discrete nature of the crystal lattice, and it is the characteristic which distinguishes the crystalline state from another solid state of matter, the amorphous. The anisotropy of the structure and properties of crystals (this can be called their 'internal anisotropy') is also reflected in their external structure, i.e., morphology. The reflection is, however, non-linear: properties such as mechanical hardness ... do not change strongly (typically several tens of percents, depending on direction) while the morphology ... : the linear sizes in different directions of individual crystals often differ by several multiples or even several orders of magnitude, depending on the symmetry of the crystalline lattice and/or of the crystal prehistory. The enhanced anisotropy of morphology is, as a rule, a result of growth kinetics of different crystalline faces; it reflects a non-linear character of the kinetic laws of growth. This book is devoted to high morphological anisotropy. No strict classification of highly-anisotropic crystals exists. However some typical forms, or habits, can be singled out: first, whiskers (or needles, or fibers) as quasi-one-dimensional crystals, and second, platelets as quasi-two-dimensional crystals.
Author: Michael Mayo Deal
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 78
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Book Description
Author: Muhammmed Samir Al-Kharusi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Diffraction
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
"A theoretical and experimental study on acoustic, optical and acoustooptic diffraction in anisotropic crystals is presented. It is shown that even though optical activity in quartz introduces only very small changes in the optical wave vector loci, its effects on acoustooptic diffraction geometry are nevertheless easily measurable. A calculation procedure for the diffraction angles incorporating optical activity is described and then experimentally verified. Topez, an optically biaxial crystal, is used to demonstrate the effects on shear-wave acoustooptic diffraction geometry of acoustic propagation along other thon symmetry axes and of interaction in nonsymmetry planes. The diffraction field of a plane aperture or a plane transducer in a highly anisotropic crystal is calculated by means of an angular spectrum of plane waves representation for which the phase velocity surface need only be defined numerically. This theory is experimentally verified by observing optical diffraction from a slit-type aperture in a biaxial crystal and by acoustooptic probe measurements of quasi-longitudinal and quasi-shear ultrasonic beam profiles under conditions of very high elastic anisotropy. Further verification is achieved by using published experimental measurements of ultrasonic surface wave beam profiles on lithium niobate. It is demonstrated that excellent agreement between theory and experiment is possible. Finally, the formalism and associated computational techniques are extended in order to examine various relevant problems in the diffraction and focusing of elastic surface waves."--
Author: M. S. Kharusi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: 林華愷
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Book Description
Author: Stephen John Porter
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: S.J Porter
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 131
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Book Description
Author: Robert E. Newnham
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0198520751
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 391
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Book Description
Crystals are sometimes called 'Flowers of the Mineral Kingdom'. In addition to their great beauty, crystals and other textured materials are enormously useful in electronics, optics, acoustics and many other engineering applications. This richly illustrated text describes the underlying principles of crystal physics and chemistry, covering a wide range of topics and illustrating numerous applications in many fields of engineering using the most important materials today. Tensors, matrices, symmetry and structure-property relationships form the main subjects of the book. While tensors and matrices provide the mathematical framework for understanding anisotropy, on which the physical and chemical properties of crystals and textured materials often depend, atomistic arguments are also needed to quantify the property coefficients in various directions. The atomistic arguments are partly based on symmetry and partly on the basic physics and chemistry of materials. After introducing the point groups appropriate for single crystals, textured materials and ordered magnetic structures, the directional properties of many different materials are described: linear and nonlinear elasticity, piezoelectricity and electrostriction, magnetic phenomena, diffusion and other transport properties, and both primary and secondary ferroic behavior. With crystal optics (its roots in classical mineralogy) having become an important component of the information age, nonlinear optics is described along with the piexo-optics, magneto-optics, and analogous linear and nonlinear acoustic wave phenomena. Enantiomorphism, optical activity, and chemical anisotropy are discussed in the final chapters of the book.
Author: Olga Viktorovna Kruglova
Publisher: IOS Press
ISBN: 9781586037451
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Book Description
Deals with the dependency between structure and dynamics and its influence on charge transfer properties of self-assembling discotic liquid crystalline materials. This title provides an overview of liquid crystals in general and discotic liquid crystals in particular. It discusses a theory of neutron scattering.
Author: Geon Dae Moon
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030039439
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 97
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Book Description
This book explores the recent advances in designing and synthesizing one- and two-dimensional metal chalcogenide nanostructures, along with their practical applications, helping readers understand what has happened, and what is currently happening in the field of nanotechnology. It also includes a comprehensive table showing 1D and 2D nanostructured metal chalcogenides, which presents the recent developments from a synthetic point of view. Further, it describes the wide applicability of anisotropic metal chalcogenides, such as in electronics, energy storage and conversion, and sensors. Lastly it discusses the current understanding of the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects associated with the forming mechanisms of anisotropic metal chalcogenide nanostructures. This book is a valuable reference resource for practitioners and researchers, enabling them to obtain a quick overview of anisotropic metal chalcogenide nanomaterials through synthetic approaches and related applications. Presenting representative applications of anisotropic metal chalcogenide nanomaterials that are important in the industrial sector, it is also of interest to academics and industry specialists.
