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Author: Jean-Luc Gouin
Publisher: Presses de l'Université Laval
ISBN: 2763737609
Category : Philosophy
Languages : fr
Pages : 340
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Book Description
Hegel ne dénature-t-il pas la raison en la fondant somme toute sur un acte de foi lorsqu'il maintient, dans Die Vernunft in der Geschichte, que « la seule idée qu'apporte la philosophie est la simple idée de la Raison – l'idée que la Raison gouverne le monde » ? On se doute qu'une telle proposition ne fit pas l'unanimité au sein des milieux intellectuels et philosophiques. Des pans entiers du réel, objecte-t-on à l'auteur, ne peuvent être considérés absolument rationnels. La réalité de manière générale n'est-elle pas tout au contraire un jeu confus, un va-et-vient invraisemblable où le mal, la souffrance, l'exploitation de l'homme, l'égarement et la violence possèdent en permanence les meilleures mains ? D'autre part, dans la lignée de la tradition idéaliste, on a tôt fait de rappeler à Hegel que la sphère de la raison reste distincte de la réalité « sensible ». Hegel ne perd pas pied. Imperturbable, il réplique incontinent que la raison demeure en vérité l'unique juge : le geste 'irréfléchi' est-il rationnel, l'Histoire est-elle rationnelle, l'univers empirique est-il rationnel... ? Qui peut le dire sinon la réflexion, la pensée, l'exercice de la raison en commerce avec son objet. Tout objet. Y compris elle-même. On ne saurait en effet opiner sérieusement sur quelque référent sans avoir préalablement réfléchi celui-ci, sans l'avoir chamboulé, littéralement, de nos interrogations. Le vrai et le faux sont par définition les enfants d'une réflexion. Les enfants de la raison. Or, si rien de signifiant ne peut être dit hors la raison, et que de ce fait celle-ci se révèle comme l'irréductible source de sens, il devient impératif de tout mettre en oeuvre de manière à « saisir la raison dans sa détermination ». C'est le projet hégélien.
Author: Jean-Luc Gouin
Publisher: Presses de l'Université Laval
ISBN: 2763737609
Category : Philosophy
Languages : fr
Pages : 340
Get Book Here
Book Description
Hegel ne dénature-t-il pas la raison en la fondant somme toute sur un acte de foi lorsqu'il maintient, dans Die Vernunft in der Geschichte, que « la seule idée qu'apporte la philosophie est la simple idée de la Raison – l'idée que la Raison gouverne le monde » ? On se doute qu'une telle proposition ne fit pas l'unanimité au sein des milieux intellectuels et philosophiques. Des pans entiers du réel, objecte-t-on à l'auteur, ne peuvent être considérés absolument rationnels. La réalité de manière générale n'est-elle pas tout au contraire un jeu confus, un va-et-vient invraisemblable où le mal, la souffrance, l'exploitation de l'homme, l'égarement et la violence possèdent en permanence les meilleures mains ? D'autre part, dans la lignée de la tradition idéaliste, on a tôt fait de rappeler à Hegel que la sphère de la raison reste distincte de la réalité « sensible ». Hegel ne perd pas pied. Imperturbable, il réplique incontinent que la raison demeure en vérité l'unique juge : le geste 'irréfléchi' est-il rationnel, l'Histoire est-elle rationnelle, l'univers empirique est-il rationnel... ? Qui peut le dire sinon la réflexion, la pensée, l'exercice de la raison en commerce avec son objet. Tout objet. Y compris elle-même. On ne saurait en effet opiner sérieusement sur quelque référent sans avoir préalablement réfléchi celui-ci, sans l'avoir chamboulé, littéralement, de nos interrogations. Le vrai et le faux sont par définition les enfants d'une réflexion. Les enfants de la raison. Or, si rien de signifiant ne peut être dit hors la raison, et que de ce fait celle-ci se révèle comme l'irréductible source de sens, il devient impératif de tout mettre en oeuvre de manière à « saisir la raison dans sa détermination ». C'est le projet hégélien.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Philosophy
Languages : un
Pages : 924
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Book Description
Author: Adam Pautz
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262038722
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 649
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Book Description
New essays on the philosophy of Ned Block, with substantive and wide-ranging responses by Block. Perhaps more than any other philosopher of mind, Ned Block synthesizes philosophical and scientific approaches to the mind; he is unique in moving back and forth across this divide, doing so with creativity and intensity. Over the course of his career, Block has made groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of intelligence, representation, and consciousness. Blockheads! (the title refers to Block's imaginary counterexample to the Turing test—and to the Block-enthusiast contributors) offers eighteen new essays on Block's work along with substantive and wide-ranging replies by Block. The essays and responses not only address Block's past contributions but are rich with new ideas and argument. They importantly clarify many key elements of Block's work, including his pessimism concerning such thought experiments as Commander Data and the Nation of China; his more general pessimism about intuitions and introspection in the philosophy of mind; the empirical case for an antifunctionalist, biological theory of phenomenal consciousness; the fading qualia problem for a biological theory; the link between phenomenal consciousness and representation (especially spatial representation); and the reducibility of phenomenal representation. Many of the contributors to Blockheads! are prominent philosophers themselves, including Tyler Burge, David Chalmers, Frank Jackson, and Hilary Putnam. Contributors Ned Block, Bill Brewer, Richard Brown, Tyler Burge, Marisa Carrasco, David Chalmers, Frank Jackson, Hakwan Lau, Geoffrey Lee, Janet Levin, Joseph Levine, William G. Lycan, Brian P. McLaughlin, Adam Pautz, Hilary Putnam, Sydney Shoemaker, Susanna Siegel, Nicholas Silins, Daniel Stoljar, Michael Tye, Sebastian Watzl
Author: Sam Baron
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 150952455X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 280
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Book Description
Time is central to our lived experience of the world. Yet, as this book reveals, it is startlingly difficult to reconcile the way we seem to experience time with many of the theories presented to us in physics and metaphysics. This comprehensive and accessible introduction guides the unfamiliar reader through difficult questions at the intersection of the metaphysics and physics of time. It starts with the assumption that physics and metaphysics are inextricably connected, and that each can, and should, shed light on the other. The authors explore a range of views about the nature of time, showing how different these are from the way we typically think about time and our place in it. They consider such questions as: whether time travel is possible, and, if it is, whether we can change the past; whether there is a single moment that is objectively present; whether time flows or is static; and whether, ultimately, time exists at all. An Introduction to the Philosophy of Time will appeal to students of physics and philosophy who want both a comprehensive overview of the area and enough depth to allow for rigorous discussion. The book’s detailed readings and exercises will challenge students and provide a clear roadmap for further study.
Author: Christopher Byrne
Publisher: University of Toronto Press
ISBN: 1487503962
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 209
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Book Description
Although Aristotle's contribution to biology has long been recognized, there are many philosophers and historians of science who still hold that he was the great delayer of natural science, calling him the man who held up the Scientific Revolution by two thousand years. They argue that Aristotle never considered the nature of matter as such or the changes that perceptible objects undergo simply as physical objects; he only thought about the many different, specific natures found in perceptible objects. Aristotle's Science of Matter and Motion focuses on refuting this misconception, arguing that Aristotle actually offered a systematic account of matter, motion, and the basic causal powers found in all physical objects. Author Christopher Byrne sheds lights on Aristotle's account of matter, revealing how Aristotle maintained that all perceptible objects are ultimately made from physical matter of one kind or another, accounting for their basic common features. For Aristotle, then, matter matters a great deal.
Author: Anil Gupta
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 0674987780
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 441
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Book Description
A distinguished philosopher offers a novel account of experience and reason, and develops our understanding of conscious experience and its relationship to thought: a new reformed empiricism. The role of experience in cognition is a central and ancient philosophical concern. How, theorists ask, can our private experiences guide us to knowledge of a mind-independent reality? Exploring topics in logic, philosophy of mind, and epistemology, Conscious Experience proposes a new answer to this age-old question, explaining how conscious experience contributes to the rationality and content of empirical beliefs. According to Anil Gupta, this contribution cannot be determined independently of an agent’s conceptual scheme and prior beliefs, but that doesn’t mean it is entirely mind-dependent. While the rational contribution of an experience is not propositional—it does not, for example, provide direct knowledge of the world—it does authorize certain transitions from prior views to new views. In short, the rational contribution of an experience yields a rule for revising views. Gupta shows that this account provides theoretical freedom: it allows the observer to radically reconceive the world in light of empirical findings. Simultaneously, it grants empirical reason significant power to constrain, forcing particular conceptions of self and world on the rational inquirer. These seemingly contrary virtues are reconciled through novel treatments of presentation, appearances, and ostensive definitions. Collectively, Gupta’s arguments support an original theory: reformed empiricism. He abandons the idea that experience is a source of knowledge and justification. He also abandons the idea that concepts are derived from experience. But reformed empiricism preserves empiricism’s central insight: experience is the supreme epistemic authority. In the resolution of factual disagreements, experience trumps all.
Author: Robert Lane
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108415229
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 217
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Book Description
Re-evaluates Peirce's metaphysics, exploring his views on pragmatism, reality, truth, and the mind's relation to the external world.
Author: Ben Mijuskovic
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004385975
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 517
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Book Description
Current research claims loneliness is passively caused by external conditions: environmental, cultural, situational, and even chemical imbalances in the brain and hence avoidable. In this book, the author argues that loneliness is actively constituted by acts of reflexive self-consciousness (Kant) and transcendent intentionality (Husserl) and is, therefore, unavoidable. This work employs a historical, conceptual, and interdisciplinary approach (philosophy, psychology, literature, sociology, etc.) criticizing both psychoanalysis and neuroscience. The book pits materialism, mechanism, determinism, empiricism, phenomenalism, behaviorism, and the neurosciences against dualism, both subjective and objective idealism, rationalism, freedom, phenomenology, and existentialism. It offers a dynamic of loneliness, whose spontaneous subconscious sources undercuts the unconscious of Freud and the “computerism” of the neurosciences by challenging their claims to be predictive sciences. "Mijuscovic demonstrates a psychological framework in which the self is motivated by a fear of loneliness and the desire for intimacy. The author thoroughly substantiates his perspective via a ‘History of Ideas’ format, which engages Plato’s metaphor of ‘the Battle between the Gods and the Giants,’ an allusion to the historical debate between idealists and materialists. Ultimately, these two groups and their allies attempt to address the question: can senseless matter think? The idealists, with whom Mijuscovic identifies, assert the reality of the self, reflexive self-consciousness, and the spontaneity of the mind." -Joshua Marcus Cragle, University of Amsterdam, Journal of Thought, Fall/Winter 2019 "Ben Mijuskovic continues his ambitious life project in this fifth installment of an interdisciplinary series in consciousness and loneliness within philosophical, psychological, and literary discourse. Mijuskovic possesses the unique combination of academic, clinical, and professional experience to cross the aisle between philosophers and therapists. Such a CV emboldens his argument for a return to a metaphysical argument for human consciousness culminating in intrinsic and inevitable loneliness. Embracing this universal reality is the first step to philosophical grounding and psychological wholeness. His methodology, argumentation, and conclusions tend to be highly provocative in the age of contemporary neuroscientific and pharmaceutical predominance." -Michael D. Bobo, Norco College, Philosophy in Review 40.1 (February 2020)
Author: T. M. Rudavsky
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192557653
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 344
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Book Description
T. M. Rudavsky presents a new account of the development of Jewish philosophy from the tenth century to Spinoza in the seventeenth, viewed as part of an ongoing dialogue with medieval Christian and Islamic thought. Her aim is to provide a broad historical survey of major figures and schools within the medieval Jewish tradition, focusing on the tensions between Judaism and rational thought. This is reflected in particular philosophical controversies across a wide range of issues in metaphysics, language, cosmology, and philosophical theology. The book illuminates our understanding of medieval thought by offering a much richer view of the Jewish philosophical tradition, informed by the considerable recent research that has been done in this area.
Author: William B. Irvine
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190869216
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 374
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Book Description
What are you? Obviously, you are a person with human ancestors that can be plotted on a family tree, but you have other identities as well. According to evolutionary biologists, you are a member of the species Homo sapiens and as such have ancestral species that can be plotted on the tree of life. According to microbiologists, you are a collection of cells, each of which has a cellular ancestry that goes back billions of years. A geneticist, though, will think of you primarily as a gene-replication machine and might produce a tree that reveals the history of any given gene. And finally, a physicist will give a rather different answer to the identity question: you can best be understood as a collection of atoms, each of which has a very long history. Some have been around since the Big Bang, and others are the result of nuclear fusion that took place within a star. Not only that, but most of your atoms belonged to other living things before joining you. From your atoms' point of view, then, you are just a way station on a multibillion-year-long journey. You: A Natural History offers a multidisciplinary investigation of your hyperextended family tree, going all the way back to the Big Bang. And while your family tree may contain surprises, your hyperextended history contains some truly amazing stories. As the result of learning more about who and what you are, and about how you came to be here, you will likely see the world around you with fresh eyes. You will also become aware of all the one-off events that had to take place for your existence to be possible: stars had to explode, the earth had to be hit 4.5 billion years ago by a planetesimal and 65 million years ago by an asteroid, microbes had to engulf microbes, the African savanna had to undergo climate change, and of course, any number of your direct ancestors had to meet and mate. It is difficult, on becoming aware of just how contingent your own existence is, not to feel very lucky to be part of our universe.
