Heat Transfer from Water Flowing Through a Chilled-bed Open Channel PDF Download
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Author: Paul W. Richmond
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Heat
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Book Description
Author: Paul W. Richmond
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Heat
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Book Description
Author: Paul W. Richmond
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Observations and experiments have shown that the transfer is greater for water flowing over ice than for water flowing over flat plates without melting. The mechanisms that contribute to this increased heat transfer are not completely understood. One possible cause is the density inversion of water at 4 C. In order to investigate this effect on heat transfer, a small open-channel flume was designed and constructed. Experiments were conducted with the flume bed at temperatures slightly above 0 C and at temperatures above 4 C. Bulk water temperatures ranged from 5 to 33 C. Flow data were obtained for 2500
Author: Paul W. Richmond
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Flumes
Languages : en
Pages : 85
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cold regions
Languages : en
Pages : 480
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Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 562
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Author: Paul Mayer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Thermal pollution of rivers, lakes, etc
Languages : en
Pages : 98
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Author:
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Category : Weights and measures
Languages : en
Pages : 590
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Author: Virgil J. Lunardini
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Heat
Languages : en
Pages : 98
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Experiments to study the melting of a horizontal ice sheet with a flow of water above it were conducted in a 35 m long refrigerated flume with a cross section of 1.2x1.2 m. Water depth, temperature, and velocity were varied as well as the temperature and initial surface profile of the ice sheet. The heat transfer regimes were found to consist of forced turbulent flow at high Reynolds numbers with a transition to free convection heat transfer. There was no convincing evidence of a forced laminar regime. The data were correlated for each of the regimes, with the Reynolds number, Re, or the Grashof number combined with the Reynolds number as Gr/Re to the 2.5 power used to characterize the different kinds of heat transfer. For water flowing over a horizontal ice sheet, the melting heat flux, for low flow velocities, was not found to drop below the value for the free convection case-488.5 W/sq m-as long as the water temperature exceeds 3.4 C. This is significant since the free convection melt values far exceed those for laminar forced convection. At the low flow velocities, the melting flux was not dependent upon the fluid temperature until the water temperature dropped below 3.4 C, when q sub c = 135.7 (Delta T). In general, the heat transfer was found to significantly exceed that of non-melting systems for the same regimes. This was attributed to increased free stream turbulence, thermal instability due to the density maximum of water near 4 C, and the turbulent eddies associated with the generation of a wavy ice surface during the melting.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Cold regions
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydrology
Languages : en
Pages : 1296
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