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Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309452961
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 583
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Book Description
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309452961
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 583
Get Book Here
Book Description
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Author: Ganga Bey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Racial disparities in health have long been one of the primary foci of health inequity research in the United States, yet the use of theoretical frameworks outside of biological determinism has generally been minimal within this literature. Only recently has epidemiology begun to incorporate Intersectionality and other social theories in the study of racial health inequities. Even still, the majority of this research base neglects to engage deeply the theoretical complexity that such frameworks demand, often leaving unanswered the important question of whether and why any observed race effects vary across other social group categories. The limited body of epidemiologic work grounded in Intersectionality Theory indicates that race can be further divided into meaningfully disparate categories with important implications for accurately assessing health and health disparities. Yet, Intersectionality Theory, as it is frequently applied, is only one lens with which to appraise disparate health outcomes at these social junctures. This chapter provides an overview of current evidence for racial differences in health, which vary across gender, building support for the necessity of wholistic identity approaches that move beyond current understandings of Intersectionality Theory.
Author: Danielle Laraque-Arena
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1000623165
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 217
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Book Description
This book takes a case study approach to explore leadership narratives of women in healthcare and science, paying attention to the intersection of gender, identity, and race in each story. Putting forward a new vision and pathway inclusive of the lived experiences and contributions of women worldwide, this text proposes a strength-based approach to meeting leadership challenges. Key themes discussed include leadership redefined by those not identifying as leaders, the influence of the intersectionality of race and gender on leadership, and the implications for how we teach about leadership in healthcare and science. Grounded in theory that is translated into practice and evidenced by the leadership case studies described, the book draws out useful tools and organizational learnings to support transformation of the landscape of clinical care, education, research and policies healthcare and science. This book is an invaluable reference for leaders at all levels across healthcare and science. It is also of interest to students and academics from gender studies, leadership studies, organization and governance, anthropology, sociology, higher education, public health, social work, nursing and medicine.
Author: Amy J. Schulz
Publisher: Jossey-Bass
ISBN: 9780787976637
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Gender, Race, Class, and Health examines relationships between economic structures, race, culture, and gender, and their combined influence on health. The authors systematically apply social and behavioral science to inspect how these dimensions intersect to influence health and health care in the United States. This examination brings into sharp focus the potential for influencing policy to improve health through a more complete understanding of the structural nature of race, gender, and class disparities in health. As useful as it is readable, this book is ideal for students and professionals in public health, sociology, anthropology, and women’s studies.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309092116
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 753
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Book Description
In their later years, Americans of different racial and ethnic backgrounds are not in equally good-or equally poor-health. There is wide variation, but on average older Whites are healthier than older Blacks and tend to outlive them. But Whites tend to be in poorer health than Hispanics and Asian Americans. This volume documents the differentials and considers possible explanations. Selection processes play a role: selective migration, for instance, or selective survival to advanced ages. Health differentials originate early in life, possibly even before birth, and are affected by events and experiences throughout the life course. Differences in socioeconomic status, risk behavior, social relations, and health care all play a role. Separate chapters consider the contribution of such factors and the biopsychosocial mechanisms that link them to health. This volume provides the empirical evidence for the research agenda provided in the separate report of the Panel on Race, Ethnicity, and Health in Later Life.
Author: Lourdes Dolores Follins
Publisher: Lexington Books
ISBN: 1498535771
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 243
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Book Description
Black LGBT Health in the United States: The Intersection of Race, Gender, and Sexual Orientation focuses on the mental, physical, and spiritual aspects of health, and considers both risk and resiliency factors for the Black LGBT population. Contributors to this collection intimately understand the associations between health and intersectional anti-Black racism, heterosexism, homonegativity, biphobia, transphobia, and social class. This collection fills a gap in current scholarship by providing information about an array of health issues like cancer, juvenile incarceration, and depression that affect all subpopulations of Black LGBT people, especially Black bisexual-identified women, Black bisexual-identified men, and Black transgender men. This book is recommended for readers interested in psychology, health, gender studies, race studies, social work, and sociology.
Author: Bonnie Thornton Dill
Publisher: Rutgers University Press
ISBN: 0813546516
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Book Description
The United States is known as a "melting pot" yet this mix tends to be volatile and contributes to a long history of oppression, racism, and bigotry. Emerging Intersections, an anthology of ten previously unpublished essays, looks at the problems of inequality and oppression from new angles and promotes intersectionality as an interpretive tool that can be utilized to better understand the ways in which race, class, gender, ethnicity, and other dimensions of difference shape our lives today. The book showcases innovative contributions that expand our understanding of how inequality affects people of color, demonstrates the ways public policies reinforce existing systems of inequality, and shows how research and teaching using an intersectional perspective compels scholars to become agents of change within institutions. By offering practical applications for using intersectional knowledge, Emerging Intersections will help bring us one step closer to achieving positive institutional change and social justice.
Author: Ilan H. Meyer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387313346
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 740
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Book Description
This is the first concise handbook on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) health in the past few years. It breaks the myths, breaks the silence, and breaks new ground on this subject. This resource offers a multidimensional picture of LGBT health across clinical and social disciplines to give readers a full and nuanced understanding of these diverse populations. It contains real-world matters of definition and self-definition, meticulous analyses of stressor and health outcomes, a extensive coverage of research methodology concerns, and critical insights into the sociopolitical context of LGBT individuals’ health and lives.
Author: Jennie Jacobs Kronenfeld
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN: 183982798X
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
This volume investigates race, ethnicity and gender as factors in health and health care.
Author: Carla S. Alvarado
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cardiovascular system
Languages : en
Pages : 128
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Book Description
Health disparity scholars and researchers call to expand the conceptualization of health disparities research beyond the predominant and long-standing race-based analyses. The call requests the inclusion of frameworks and theories that reflect the complex, multi-level and multifactorial social processes that yield health disparities. Intersectionality is a theoretical framework that is a product of Black feminist scholars and activists from the 1970s equipped to answer this call. The framework, in its basic tenets, emphasizes the multiple, mutually constitutive and simultaneous relationships between social categories (gender, race, class, sexual identity, ability) and the positions (advantage and disadvantage), identities and processes (sexism, racism, and other forms of discrimination) that arise from them. The framework calls for the acknowledgment of such complex power relationships in social processes, such as health disparities. Intersectionality has traditionally been applied via qualitative research methods quantitative applications are in a nascent stage and face a number of methodological challenges. This dissertation identifies an alternative population-based approach that is intuitive and has practical significance while remaining loyal to the principles of intersectionality. The approach identifies groups representing the intersection of social disadvantage, across the categories of gender, race and class, and uses the most socially advantaged group as a referent for comparison. The three manuscripts that constitute this dissertation are empirical applications of this population-based intersectional approach and assess disparities in self-reported health status as captured by the physical component score (PCS) of the SF-12 (a subjective measure of health), cardiovascular disease and stroke diagnoses (objective measures of health), and health care access as measured by insurance coverage and having a usual source of care (structural factors affecting health). The 2010 Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality was analyzed for the three separate studies. Self-reported health status disparities were assessed using survey-weighted OLS regression. Disparities were detected; groups of low income women belonging to racial minority groups (Black, Native, Asian and Multiracial) reported significantly lower PCS scores than the White high income male group. Different socially advantaged referents were used, and this changed the magnitude of the decrease of the comparison groups, highlighting the intersectionality tenet that social categories modify one another. This suggests that in health disparities research it is insufficient to use the White group as a referent without paying attention to the gender and social class as well. Using logistic regression, disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke diagnoses among women were assessed. The models incorporated healthcare access factors and risk behaviors, since both components have an important role in their diagnosis. The specific socially disadvantaged groups that experienced an increase in the odds of being diagnosed with CVD/stroke were contingent upon whether the diagnoses were acute (heart attack or stroke) or chronic (coronary heart disease, angina and other unspecified heart conditions). The study highlights the importance of accounting for multilevel factors when assessing CVD/stroke disparities, as the disparities change contingent upon the factors considered. The lack of improvements in reducing CVD/stroke disparities in the last 30 years may in part be due to the incomplete information that race-based analyses provide. Healthcare access disparities among groups of different social advantage were assessed using logistic regression and average marginal effects. The odds of being uninsured were higher for all but one group (Multiracial low income) compared to the most socially advantaged referent (White high income male), with Asian low income women having the highest increase in the probability of not being insured. The odds of not having a usual source of care were estimated by stratifying by gender and insurance status. Among insured women the Native low income group had the highest increase in the probability of not having a usual source of care (USOC); for insured women it was the Asian low income group. Among uninsured males, Native low income males had the highest increase in the probability of not having a USOC; for insured males it was the Asian low income group. These results show that belonging to a socially disadvantaged group hampers meaningful access to health care. The disadvantage persists even among the insured, where disparities in having a usual source of care are marked.
