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Author: Muhammad Umar Qureshi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Book Description
Impacts that cause high accelerations of the head are a major cause of mTBIs (mild traumatic brain injuries) or concussions. Repetitive head impacts can also potentially cause long term damage to the brain and cognitive abilities. Recently, due to increasing public awareness, wearable technologies and devices targeted towards measuring head impact kinematics during sport are gaining popularity. However, existing devices come with limitations that prevent on-the-field usage in one way or another. In this work, we devised methods to address the problem of accurately measuring impact kinematics and impact location, while also addressing the limitations of existing devices. We developed novel calibration and impact measurement algorithms that allowed us to design a complete impact measurement device; while also reducing the number of sensors and scale. We also proposed a wearable device prototype that can eventually be developed into a low-cost finished product for on-the-field impact measurement. We tested the accuracy of the device and algorithms by comparing the impact linear and rotational acceleration, rotational velocity, and impact location estimate with an industrial-grade IMU and a Hybrid-III dummy Head. Results showed that the device has great potential for relatively low-cost sports applications and can help in establishing a link between impacts and resulting brain injuries in the future.
Author: Muhammad Umar Qureshi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Book Description
Impacts that cause high accelerations of the head are a major cause of mTBIs (mild traumatic brain injuries) or concussions. Repetitive head impacts can also potentially cause long term damage to the brain and cognitive abilities. Recently, due to increasing public awareness, wearable technologies and devices targeted towards measuring head impact kinematics during sport are gaining popularity. However, existing devices come with limitations that prevent on-the-field usage in one way or another. In this work, we devised methods to address the problem of accurately measuring impact kinematics and impact location, while also addressing the limitations of existing devices. We developed novel calibration and impact measurement algorithms that allowed us to design a complete impact measurement device; while also reducing the number of sensors and scale. We also proposed a wearable device prototype that can eventually be developed into a low-cost finished product for on-the-field impact measurement. We tested the accuracy of the device and algorithms by comparing the impact linear and rotational acceleration, rotational velocity, and impact location estimate with an industrial-grade IMU and a Hybrid-III dummy Head. Results showed that the device has great potential for relatively low-cost sports applications and can help in establishing a link between impacts and resulting brain injuries in the future.
Author: Society of Automotive Engineers
Publisher: SAE International
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 158
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Book Description
Thirteen papers from the biomechanics technical sessions of the 2002 SAE congress use laboratory experiments, computer models, and field data to evaluate the human body's kinematics, kinetics, and injury potential in response to impact loads caused by automobile accidents. Topics include finite elem
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Detectors
Languages : en
Pages : 127
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Book Description
The need to characterize normal and pathological human movement has consistently driven researchers to develop new tracking devices and to improve movement analysis systems. Movement has traditionally been captured by either optical, magnetic, mechanical, structured light, or acoustic systems. All of these systems have inherent limitations. Optical systems are costly, require fixed cameras in a controlled environment, and suffer from problems of occlusion. Similarly, acoustic and structured light systems suffer from the occlusion problem. Magnetic and radio frequency systems suffer from electromagnetic disturbances, noise and multipath problems. Mechanical systems have physical constraints that limit the natural body movement. Recently, the availability of low-cost wearable inertial sensors containing accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers has provided an alternative means to overcome the limitations of other motion capture systems. Inertial sensors can be used to track human movement in and outside of a laboratory, cannot be occluded, and are low cost. To calculate changes in orientation, researchers often integrate the angular velocity. However, a relatively small error or drift in the measured angular velocity leads to large integration errors. This restricts the time of accurate measurement and tracking to a few seconds. To compensate that drift, complementary data from accelerometers and magnetometers are normally integrated in tracking systems that utilize the Kalman filter (KF) or the extended Kalman filter (EKF) to fuse the nonlinear inertial data. Orientation estimates are only accurate for brief moments when the body is not moving and acceleration is only due to gravity. Moreover, success of using magnetometers to compensate drift about the vertical axis is limited by magnetic field disturbance. We combine kinematic models designed for control of robotic arms with state space methods to estimate angles of the human shoulder and elbow using two wireless wearable inertial measurement units. The same method can be used to track movement of other joints using a minimal sensor configuration with one sensor on each segment. Each limb is modeled as one kinematic chain. Velocity and acceleration are recursively tracked and propagated from one limb segment to another using Newton-Euler equations implemented in state space form. To mitigate the effect of sensor drift on the tracking accuracy, our system incorporates natural physical constraints on the range of motion for each joint, models gyroscope and accelerometer random drift, and uses zero-velocity updates. The combined effect of imposing physical constraints on state estimates and modeling the sensor random drift results in superior joint angles estimates. The tracker utilizes the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) which is an improvement to the EKF. This removes the need for linearization of the system equations which introduces tracking errors. We validate the performance of the inertial tracking system over long durations of slow, normal, and fast movements. Joint angles obtained from our inertial tracker are compared to those obtained from an optical tracking system and a high-precision industrial robot arm. Results show an excellent agreement between joint angles estimated by the inertial tracker and those obtained from the two reference systems.
Author: Calvin Kuo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Mild traumatic brain injury was once considered a silent epidemic due to difficulties in detecting and diagnosing its subtle neurological symptoms. However, increased public awareness of mild traumatic brain injuries coupled with recent advances in wearable sensing, sideline assessments, and basic understanding of underlying mechanisms has placed a large spotlight on the dangers of brain injuries to short-term and long-term neurological health. Today, researchers are approaching a consensus that head angular rotations are particularly dangerous as it results in shearing of the brain tissue. Studies on animals, cadavers, and surrogates were instrumental in developing hypotheses linking head angular rotations with injury, while studies on human subject populations at high risk of brain injury were instrumental in confirming these hypotheses. Yet, despite all that has been discovered regarding mild traumatic brain injuries, they are still difficult to predict and prevent. This is because we lack an understanding of how impact forces cause dangerous head rotations, and we lack methods to accurately measure the head rotations that result in brain injuries. In this thesis, I will discuss my work in the development of head and neck models to understand how the head is set in motion by impact forces, and the development of wearable sensors to measure head impact rotations in the field. In the future, my head and neck models can serve to determine susceptibilities of the head to impact forces and inform improvement for preventative equipment. Furthermore, the wearable sensor technologies and algorithms I developed in my thesis can be used as accurate, real-time diagnostic tools to detect severe head impacts likely to result in brain injuries. Together, these can be both be used to reduce brain injury incidence and identify injured individuals for proper treatment and rest.
Author: Xiaoye Xia
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Deepak Uttamchandani
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0081004508
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 290
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Book Description
Wireless MEMS Networks and Applications reviews key emerging applications of MEMS in wireless and mobile networks. This book covers the different types of wireless MEMS devices, also exploring MEMS in smartphones, tablets, and the MEMS used for energy harvesting. The book reviews the range of applications of wireless MEMS networks in manufacturing, infrastructure monitoring, environmental monitoring, space applications, agricultural monitoring for food safety, health applications, and systems for smart cities. - Focuses on the use of MEMS in the emerging area of wireless applications - Contains comprehensive coverage of the range of applications of MEMS for wireless networks - Presents an international range of expert contributors who identify key research in the field
Author: Mariano Vázquez
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889458172
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 449
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Book Description
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444639551
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 512
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Book Description
Sports Neurology is designed to be a comprehensive overview of neurology within the context of sports medicine. This definitive text addresses the history of sports neurology, including its unique role within sports medicine, and provides a detailed assessment of central and peripheral nervous system injuries and illnesses in athletes. Sports Neurology is a critical companion for all sports medicine clinicians and for neurologists who manage athletes. - Provides an introduction and overview of concussion in sport, discussing the epidemiology, biomechanics and pathophysiology of concussion, as well as considerations for sideline evaluation and emergency room diagnosis and management - Explores the long-term consequences of concussion and repetitive head impacts and the relationship with neurodegeneration - Offers an overview of mild, moderate and severe brain injury classification; compares moderate and severe traumatic brain injury within the context of civilian, military and sports circumstances - Describes key issues for the evaluation and treatment of cervical spinal cord injuries, peripheral nerve injuries, and sports-related pain - Provides an overview of neuroepidemiology and the importance of obtaining meaningful sport-related neuroepidemiologic data that will ultimately provide the foundation for making data-driven decisions for central and peripheral nervous system injuries in sport
Author: Michael W. Ross
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 1437711766
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1424
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Book Description
Covering many different diagnostic tools, this essential resource explores both traditional treatments and alternative therapies for conditions that can cause gait abnormalities in horses. Broader in scope than any other book of its kind, this edition describes equine sporting activities and specific lameness conditions in major sport horse types, and includes up-to-date information on all imaging modalities. This title includes additional digital media when purchased in print format. For this digital book edition, media content may not be included. Cutting-edge information on diagnostic application for computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging includes the most comprehensive section available on MRI in the live horse. Coverage of traditional treatment modalities also includes many aspects of alternative therapy, with a practical and realistic perspective on prognosis. An examination of the various types of horses used in sports describes the lameness conditions to which each horse type is particularly prone, as well as differences in prognosis. Guidelines on how to proceed when a diagnosis cannot easily be reached help you manage conditions when faced with the limitations of current diagnostic capabilities. Clinical examination and diagnostic analgesia are given a special emphasis. Practical, hands-on information covers a wide range of horse types from around the world. A global perspective is provided by a team of international authors, editors, and contributors. A full-color insert shows thermography images. Updated chapters include the most current information on topics such as MRI, foot pain, stem cell therapy, and shock wave treatment. Two new chapters include The Biomechanics of the Equine Limb and its Effect on Lameness and Clinical Use of Stem Cells, Marrow Components, and Other Growth Factors. The chapter on the hock has been expanded substantially, and the section on lameness associated with the foot has been completely rewritten to include state-of-the-art information based on what has been learned from MRI. Many new figures appear throughout the book.
Author: Billy Sperlich
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889634620
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 311
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Book Description
Several internal and external factors have been identified to estimate and control the psycho-biological stress of training in order to optimize training responses and to avoid fatigue, overtraining and other undesirable health effects of an athlete. An increasing number of lightweight sensor-based wearable technologies (“wearables”) have entered the sports technology market. Non-invasive sensor-based wearable technologies could transmit physical, physiological and biological data to computing platform and may provide through human-machine interaction (smart watch, smartphone, tablet) bio-feedback of various parameters for training load management and health. However, in theory, several wearable technologies may assist to control training load but the assessment of accuracy, reliability, validity, usability and practical relevance of new upcoming technologies for the management of training load is paramount for optimal adaptation and health.
