Author: John H. Lau
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 732
Book Description
Surface mount technology (SMT) is a mature technology. SMT allows placement of more surface mount components (SMC) into smaller and tighter printed circuit board (PCB) areas. This increased density means increased performance and power in smaller packaging systems, and allows manufacturing of smaller and higher performance products at lower cost. The advance of integrated circuit (IC) technology and the requirements of high density for high-speed circuity is driving the design of SM C to higher pin count and smaller package size. In general, the higher pin count and smaller package size are accomplished by reducing the bond pad size and spacing (pitch) on the chip level and the lead/pin/solder dimensions and pitch on the chip carrier (module) level. The last few years have witnessed an explosive growth in the research and development efforts devoted to FPT as a direct result of the rapid growth of SMT and miniaturization. Some examples are: hand held lightweight video recorders that can take sharp pictures, hand held lightweight devices that can track the worldwide package movements, and portable computers with tiny yet powerful microprocessors and large memory capability that can fit into a briefcase or into the palm of your hand.
Handbook of Fine Pitch Surface Mount Technology
Author: John H. Lau
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 732
Book Description
Surface mount technology (SMT) is a mature technology. SMT allows placement of more surface mount components (SMC) into smaller and tighter printed circuit board (PCB) areas. This increased density means increased performance and power in smaller packaging systems, and allows manufacturing of smaller and higher performance products at lower cost. The advance of integrated circuit (IC) technology and the requirements of high density for high-speed circuity is driving the design of SM C to higher pin count and smaller package size. In general, the higher pin count and smaller package size are accomplished by reducing the bond pad size and spacing (pitch) on the chip level and the lead/pin/solder dimensions and pitch on the chip carrier (module) level. The last few years have witnessed an explosive growth in the research and development efforts devoted to FPT as a direct result of the rapid growth of SMT and miniaturization. Some examples are: hand held lightweight video recorders that can take sharp pictures, hand held lightweight devices that can track the worldwide package movements, and portable computers with tiny yet powerful microprocessors and large memory capability that can fit into a briefcase or into the palm of your hand.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 732
Book Description
Surface mount technology (SMT) is a mature technology. SMT allows placement of more surface mount components (SMC) into smaller and tighter printed circuit board (PCB) areas. This increased density means increased performance and power in smaller packaging systems, and allows manufacturing of smaller and higher performance products at lower cost. The advance of integrated circuit (IC) technology and the requirements of high density for high-speed circuity is driving the design of SM C to higher pin count and smaller package size. In general, the higher pin count and smaller package size are accomplished by reducing the bond pad size and spacing (pitch) on the chip level and the lead/pin/solder dimensions and pitch on the chip carrier (module) level. The last few years have witnessed an explosive growth in the research and development efforts devoted to FPT as a direct result of the rapid growth of SMT and miniaturization. Some examples are: hand held lightweight video recorders that can take sharp pictures, hand held lightweight devices that can track the worldwide package movements, and portable computers with tiny yet powerful microprocessors and large memory capability that can fit into a briefcase or into the palm of your hand.
Fine Pitch Surface Mount Technology
Author: Phil Marcoux
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461535328
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 351
Book Description
Fine pitch high lead count integrated circuit packages represent a dramatic change from the conventional methods of assembling electronic components to a printed interconnect circuit board. To some, these FPTpackages appear to bean extension of the assembly technology called surface mount or SMT. Many of us who have spent a significant amount of time developing the process and design techniques for these fine pitchpackages haveconcluded that these techniquesgobeyondthose commonly useed for SMT. In 1987 the presentauthor, convincedofthe uniqueness ofthe assembly and design demands ofthese packages, chaired ajoint committee where the members agreed to use fine pitch technology (FPT) as the defining term for these demands. The committee was unique in several ways, one being that it was the first time three U. S. standards organizations, the IPC (Lincolnwood, IL), theEIA(Washington, D. C. ),and theASTM (Philadelphia),cametogether tocreate standards before a technology was in high demand. The term fine pitch technology and its acronym FPT have since become widely accepted in the electronics industry. The knowledge of the terms and demands of FPT currently exceed the usage of FPT packaged components, but this is changing rapidly because of the size, performance, and cost savings of FPT. I have resisted several past invitations to write other technical texts. However, I feel there are important advantages and significant difficulties to be encountered with FPT.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461535328
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 351
Book Description
Fine pitch high lead count integrated circuit packages represent a dramatic change from the conventional methods of assembling electronic components to a printed interconnect circuit board. To some, these FPTpackages appear to bean extension of the assembly technology called surface mount or SMT. Many of us who have spent a significant amount of time developing the process and design techniques for these fine pitchpackages haveconcluded that these techniquesgobeyondthose commonly useed for SMT. In 1987 the presentauthor, convincedofthe uniqueness ofthe assembly and design demands ofthese packages, chaired ajoint committee where the members agreed to use fine pitch technology (FPT) as the defining term for these demands. The committee was unique in several ways, one being that it was the first time three U. S. standards organizations, the IPC (Lincolnwood, IL), theEIA(Washington, D. C. ),and theASTM (Philadelphia),cametogether tocreate standards before a technology was in high demand. The term fine pitch technology and its acronym FPT have since become widely accepted in the electronics industry. The knowledge of the terms and demands of FPT currently exceed the usage of FPT packaged components, but this is changing rapidly because of the size, performance, and cost savings of FPT. I have resisted several past invitations to write other technical texts. However, I feel there are important advantages and significant difficulties to be encountered with FPT.
SMT Soldering Handbook
Author: RUDOLF STRAUSS
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080480977
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 389
Book Description
Surface Mount Technology has had a profound influence on the electronics industry, and has led to the use of new materials, techniques and manufacturing processes. Since the first edition of this book was written, electronic assemblies have continued to become still smaller and more complex, while soldering still remains the dominant connecting technique. This is a comprehensive guide to current methods of soldering components to their substrates, written by one of the founding fathers of the technology. It also covers component placement, the post-CFC technology of cleaning after soldering, and the principles and methods of quality control and rework. New sections deal with Ball-Grid-Array (BGA) technology, lead-free solders, no-clean fluxes, and the current standard specifications for solders and fluxes. Dr Rudolf Strauss has spent most of his working life with a leading manufacturer of solders and fluxes. He was responsible for a number of innovations including the concept of wave soldering, and for many years has been active as lecturer, consultant, and technical author. His book explains the principles of soldering and surface mount technology in practical terms and plain language, free from jargon. It is addressed to the man, or woman, who has to do the job, but it will also be of help in planning manufacturing strategy and in making purchasing decisions relating to consumables and equipment. - Written by founding father of SMT technology - Standard specifications have been fully updated - New chapter covering Ball Grid Array (BGA) technology
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080480977
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 389
Book Description
Surface Mount Technology has had a profound influence on the electronics industry, and has led to the use of new materials, techniques and manufacturing processes. Since the first edition of this book was written, electronic assemblies have continued to become still smaller and more complex, while soldering still remains the dominant connecting technique. This is a comprehensive guide to current methods of soldering components to their substrates, written by one of the founding fathers of the technology. It also covers component placement, the post-CFC technology of cleaning after soldering, and the principles and methods of quality control and rework. New sections deal with Ball-Grid-Array (BGA) technology, lead-free solders, no-clean fluxes, and the current standard specifications for solders and fluxes. Dr Rudolf Strauss has spent most of his working life with a leading manufacturer of solders and fluxes. He was responsible for a number of innovations including the concept of wave soldering, and for many years has been active as lecturer, consultant, and technical author. His book explains the principles of soldering and surface mount technology in practical terms and plain language, free from jargon. It is addressed to the man, or woman, who has to do the job, but it will also be of help in planning manufacturing strategy and in making purchasing decisions relating to consumables and equipment. - Written by founding father of SMT technology - Standard specifications have been fully updated - New chapter covering Ball Grid Array (BGA) technology
Soldering Handbook For Printed Circuits and Surface Mounting
Author: Howard H. Manko
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780442012069
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 548
Book Description
Soldering Handbook for Printed Circuits and Surface Mounting, Second Edition, covers every aspect of this packaging technology, and contains the latest information on design, presolder operations, materials, equipment, surface mount technology, cleaning, quality and inspection, touch-up and repair, process economy, line management, and more.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780442012069
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 548
Book Description
Soldering Handbook for Printed Circuits and Surface Mounting, Second Edition, covers every aspect of this packaging technology, and contains the latest information on design, presolder operations, materials, equipment, surface mount technology, cleaning, quality and inspection, touch-up and repair, process economy, line management, and more.
Microelectronics Packaging Handbook
Author: Rao Tummala
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780412084515
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 662
Book Description
This thoroughly revised and updated three volume set continues to be the standard reference in the field, providing the latest in microelectronics design methods, modeling tools, simulation techniques, and manufacturing procedures. Unlike reference books that focus only on a few aspects of microelectronics packaging, these outstanding volumes discuss state-of-the-art packages that meet the power, cooling, protection, and interconnection requirements of increasingly dense and fast microcircuitry. Providing an excellent balance of theory and practical applications, this dynamic compilation features step-by-step examples and vital technical data, simplifying each phase of package design and production. In addition, the volumes contain over 2000 references, 900 figures, and 250 tables. Part I: Technology Drivers covers the driving force of microelectronics packaging - electrical, thermal, and reliability. It introduces the technology developer to aspects of manufacturing that must be considered during product development. Part II: Semiconductor Packaging discusses the interconnection of the IC chip to the first level of packaging and all first level packages. Electrical test, sealing, and encapsulation technologies are also covered in detail. Part III: Subsystem Packaging explores board level packaging as well as connectors, cables, and optical packaging.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780412084515
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 662
Book Description
This thoroughly revised and updated three volume set continues to be the standard reference in the field, providing the latest in microelectronics design methods, modeling tools, simulation techniques, and manufacturing procedures. Unlike reference books that focus only on a few aspects of microelectronics packaging, these outstanding volumes discuss state-of-the-art packages that meet the power, cooling, protection, and interconnection requirements of increasingly dense and fast microcircuitry. Providing an excellent balance of theory and practical applications, this dynamic compilation features step-by-step examples and vital technical data, simplifying each phase of package design and production. In addition, the volumes contain over 2000 references, 900 figures, and 250 tables. Part I: Technology Drivers covers the driving force of microelectronics packaging - electrical, thermal, and reliability. It introduces the technology developer to aspects of manufacturing that must be considered during product development. Part II: Semiconductor Packaging discusses the interconnection of the IC chip to the first level of packaging and all first level packages. Electrical test, sealing, and encapsulation technologies are also covered in detail. Part III: Subsystem Packaging explores board level packaging as well as connectors, cables, and optical packaging.
Area Array Interconnection Handbook
Author: Karl J. Puttlitz
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461513898
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1250
Book Description
Microelectronic packaging has been recognized as an important "enabler" for the solid state revolution in electronics which we have witnessed in the last third of the twentieth century. Packaging has provided the necessary external wiring and interconnection capability for transistors and integrated circuits while they have gone through their own spectacular revolution from discrete device to gigascale integration. At IBM we are proud to have created the initial, simple concept of flip chip with solder bump connections at a time when a better way was needed to boost the reliability and improve the manufacturability of semiconductors. The basic design which was chosen for SLT (Solid Logic Technology) in the 1960s was easily extended to integrated circuits in the '70s and VLSI in the '80s and '90s. Three I/O bumps have grown to 3000 with even more anticipated for the future. The package families have evolved from thick-film (SLT) to thin-film (metallized ceramic) to co-fired multi-layer ceramic. A later family or ceramics with matching expansivity to sili con and copper internal wiring was developed as a predecessor of the chip interconnection revolution in copper, multilevel, submicron wiring. Powerful server packages have been de veloped in which the combined chip and package copper wiring exceeds a kilometer. All of this was achieved with the constant objective of minimizing circuit delays through short, efficient interconnects.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461513898
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1250
Book Description
Microelectronic packaging has been recognized as an important "enabler" for the solid state revolution in electronics which we have witnessed in the last third of the twentieth century. Packaging has provided the necessary external wiring and interconnection capability for transistors and integrated circuits while they have gone through their own spectacular revolution from discrete device to gigascale integration. At IBM we are proud to have created the initial, simple concept of flip chip with solder bump connections at a time when a better way was needed to boost the reliability and improve the manufacturability of semiconductors. The basic design which was chosen for SLT (Solid Logic Technology) in the 1960s was easily extended to integrated circuits in the '70s and VLSI in the '80s and '90s. Three I/O bumps have grown to 3000 with even more anticipated for the future. The package families have evolved from thick-film (SLT) to thin-film (metallized ceramic) to co-fired multi-layer ceramic. A later family or ceramics with matching expansivity to sili con and copper internal wiring was developed as a predecessor of the chip interconnection revolution in copper, multilevel, submicron wiring. Powerful server packages have been de veloped in which the combined chip and package copper wiring exceeds a kilometer. All of this was achieved with the constant objective of minimizing circuit delays through short, efficient interconnects.
The Electrical Engineering Handbook - Six Volume Set
Author: Richard C. Dorf
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420049755
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 3627
Book Description
In two editions spanning more than a decade, The Electrical Engineering Handbook stands as the definitive reference to the multidisciplinary field of electrical engineering. Our knowledge continues to grow, and so does the Handbook. For the third edition, it has grown into a set of six books carefully focused on specialized areas or fields of study. Each one represents a concise yet definitive collection of key concepts, models, and equations in its respective domain, thoughtfully gathered for convenient access. Combined, they constitute the most comprehensive, authoritative resource available. Circuits, Signals, and Speech and Image Processing presents all of the basic information related to electric circuits and components, analysis of circuits, the use of the Laplace transform, as well as signal, speech, and image processing using filters and algorithms. It also examines emerging areas such as text to speech synthesis, real-time processing, and embedded signal processing. Electronics, Power Electronics, Optoelectronics, Microwaves, Electromagnetics, and Radar delves into the fields of electronics, integrated circuits, power electronics, optoelectronics, electromagnetics, light waves, and radar, supplying all of the basic information required for a deep understanding of each area. It also devotes a section to electrical effects and devices and explores the emerging fields of microlithography and power electronics. Sensors, Nanoscience, Biomedical Engineering, and Instruments provides thorough coverage of sensors, materials and nanoscience, instruments and measurements, and biomedical systems and devices, including all of the basic information required to thoroughly understand each area. It explores the emerging fields of sensors, nanotechnologies, and biological effects. Broadcasting and Optical Communication Technology explores communications, information theory, and devices, covering all of the basic information needed for a thorough understanding of these areas. It also examines the emerging areas of adaptive estimation and optical communication. Computers, Software Engineering, and Digital Devices examines digital and logical devices, displays, testing, software, and computers, presenting the fundamental concepts needed to ensure a thorough understanding of each field. It treats the emerging fields of programmable logic, hardware description languages, and parallel computing in detail. Systems, Controls, Embedded Systems, Energy, and Machines explores in detail the fields of energy devices, machines, and systems as well as control systems. It provides all of the fundamental concepts needed for thorough, in-depth understanding of each area and devotes special attention to the emerging area of embedded systems. Encompassing the work of the world's foremost experts in their respective specialties, The Electrical Engineering Handbook, Third Edition remains the most convenient, reliable source of information available. This edition features the latest developments, the broadest scope of coverage, and new material on nanotechnologies, fuel cells, embedded systems, and biometrics. The engineering community has relied on the Handbook for more than twelve years, and it will continue to be a platform to launch the next wave of advancements. The Handbook's latest incarnation features a protective slipcase, which helps you stay organized without overwhelming your bookshelf. It is an attractive addition to any collection, and will help keep each volume of the Handbook as fresh as your latest research.
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420049755
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 3627
Book Description
In two editions spanning more than a decade, The Electrical Engineering Handbook stands as the definitive reference to the multidisciplinary field of electrical engineering. Our knowledge continues to grow, and so does the Handbook. For the third edition, it has grown into a set of six books carefully focused on specialized areas or fields of study. Each one represents a concise yet definitive collection of key concepts, models, and equations in its respective domain, thoughtfully gathered for convenient access. Combined, they constitute the most comprehensive, authoritative resource available. Circuits, Signals, and Speech and Image Processing presents all of the basic information related to electric circuits and components, analysis of circuits, the use of the Laplace transform, as well as signal, speech, and image processing using filters and algorithms. It also examines emerging areas such as text to speech synthesis, real-time processing, and embedded signal processing. Electronics, Power Electronics, Optoelectronics, Microwaves, Electromagnetics, and Radar delves into the fields of electronics, integrated circuits, power electronics, optoelectronics, electromagnetics, light waves, and radar, supplying all of the basic information required for a deep understanding of each area. It also devotes a section to electrical effects and devices and explores the emerging fields of microlithography and power electronics. Sensors, Nanoscience, Biomedical Engineering, and Instruments provides thorough coverage of sensors, materials and nanoscience, instruments and measurements, and biomedical systems and devices, including all of the basic information required to thoroughly understand each area. It explores the emerging fields of sensors, nanotechnologies, and biological effects. Broadcasting and Optical Communication Technology explores communications, information theory, and devices, covering all of the basic information needed for a thorough understanding of these areas. It also examines the emerging areas of adaptive estimation and optical communication. Computers, Software Engineering, and Digital Devices examines digital and logical devices, displays, testing, software, and computers, presenting the fundamental concepts needed to ensure a thorough understanding of each field. It treats the emerging fields of programmable logic, hardware description languages, and parallel computing in detail. Systems, Controls, Embedded Systems, Energy, and Machines explores in detail the fields of energy devices, machines, and systems as well as control systems. It provides all of the fundamental concepts needed for thorough, in-depth understanding of each area and devotes special attention to the emerging area of embedded systems. Encompassing the work of the world's foremost experts in their respective specialties, The Electrical Engineering Handbook, Third Edition remains the most convenient, reliable source of information available. This edition features the latest developments, the broadest scope of coverage, and new material on nanotechnologies, fuel cells, embedded systems, and biometrics. The engineering community has relied on the Handbook for more than twelve years, and it will continue to be a platform to launch the next wave of advancements. The Handbook's latest incarnation features a protective slipcase, which helps you stay organized without overwhelming your bookshelf. It is an attractive addition to any collection, and will help keep each volume of the Handbook as fresh as your latest research.
Handbook of Lead-Free Solder Technology for Microelectronic Assemblies
Author: Karl J. Puttlitz
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0203021487
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1044
Book Description
This reference provides a complete discussion of the conversion from standard lead-tin to lead-free solder microelectronic assemblies for low-end and high-end applications. Written by more than 45 world-class researchers and practitioners, the book discusses general reliability issues concerning microelectronic assemblies, as well as factors specif
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0203021487
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1044
Book Description
This reference provides a complete discussion of the conversion from standard lead-tin to lead-free solder microelectronic assemblies for low-end and high-end applications. Written by more than 45 world-class researchers and practitioners, the book discusses general reliability issues concerning microelectronic assemblies, as well as factors specif
The Electrical Engineering Handbook,Second Edition
Author: Richard C. Dorf
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781420049763
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 2758
Book Description
In 1993, the first edition of The Electrical Engineering Handbook set a new standard for breadth and depth of coverage in an engineering reference work. Now, this classic has been substantially revised and updated to include the latest information on all the important topics in electrical engineering today. Every electrical engineer should have an opportunity to expand his expertise with this definitive guide. In a single volume, this handbook provides a complete reference to answer the questions encountered by practicing engineers in industry, government, or academia. This well-organized book is divided into 12 major sections that encompass the entire field of electrical engineering, including circuits, signal processing, electronics, electromagnetics, electrical effects and devices, and energy, and the emerging trends in the fields of communications, digital devices, computer engineering, systems, and biomedical engineering. A compendium of physical, chemical, material, and mathematical data completes this comprehensive resource. Every major topic is thoroughly covered and every important concept is defined, described, and illustrated. Conceptually challenging but carefully explained articles are equally valuable to the practicing engineer, researchers, and students. A distinguished advisory board and contributors including many of the leading authors, professors, and researchers in the field today assist noted author and professor Richard Dorf in offering complete coverage of this rapidly expanding field. No other single volume available today offers this combination of broad coverage and depth of exploration of the topics. The Electrical Engineering Handbook will be an invaluable resource for electrical engineers for years to come.
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781420049763
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 2758
Book Description
In 1993, the first edition of The Electrical Engineering Handbook set a new standard for breadth and depth of coverage in an engineering reference work. Now, this classic has been substantially revised and updated to include the latest information on all the important topics in electrical engineering today. Every electrical engineer should have an opportunity to expand his expertise with this definitive guide. In a single volume, this handbook provides a complete reference to answer the questions encountered by practicing engineers in industry, government, or academia. This well-organized book is divided into 12 major sections that encompass the entire field of electrical engineering, including circuits, signal processing, electronics, electromagnetics, electrical effects and devices, and energy, and the emerging trends in the fields of communications, digital devices, computer engineering, systems, and biomedical engineering. A compendium of physical, chemical, material, and mathematical data completes this comprehensive resource. Every major topic is thoroughly covered and every important concept is defined, described, and illustrated. Conceptually challenging but carefully explained articles are equally valuable to the practicing engineer, researchers, and students. A distinguished advisory board and contributors including many of the leading authors, professors, and researchers in the field today assist noted author and professor Richard Dorf in offering complete coverage of this rapidly expanding field. No other single volume available today offers this combination of broad coverage and depth of exploration of the topics. The Electrical Engineering Handbook will be an invaluable resource for electrical engineers for years to come.
Microvias
Author: John H. Lau
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN: 0071500472
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 595
Book Description
State-of-the-art introduction to high-density interconnect technology The first-ever book on this hot topic, Microvias: Low Cost, High Density Interconnects gives you a thorough look at the technology that’s changing the nature of printed circuit boards--and driving the mobile electronic revolution. A "must" for electronics and mechanical engineers, John Lau and Ricky Lee’s intensive introduction to microvia technology expertly covers all major techniques. You get important details on mechanical NC drilling, laser drilling, photo-defined, chemical and plasma etching, and conductive ink formation. You also get a survey of the work of leading companies and their products, including Canon, Compaq, Fujitsu Limited, Gore, Hitachi Chemical Co., Ibiden, IBM, JCI, JVC, K&S (X-Lam), Kyocera/JME, Matsushita, Mitsubishi, NEC, Samsung, Sheldahl, Shinko, Toshiba.
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN: 0071500472
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 595
Book Description
State-of-the-art introduction to high-density interconnect technology The first-ever book on this hot topic, Microvias: Low Cost, High Density Interconnects gives you a thorough look at the technology that’s changing the nature of printed circuit boards--and driving the mobile electronic revolution. A "must" for electronics and mechanical engineers, John Lau and Ricky Lee’s intensive introduction to microvia technology expertly covers all major techniques. You get important details on mechanical NC drilling, laser drilling, photo-defined, chemical and plasma etching, and conductive ink formation. You also get a survey of the work of leading companies and their products, including Canon, Compaq, Fujitsu Limited, Gore, Hitachi Chemical Co., Ibiden, IBM, JCI, JVC, K&S (X-Lam), Kyocera/JME, Matsushita, Mitsubishi, NEC, Samsung, Sheldahl, Shinko, Toshiba.