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Author: Paula Žitinski Elías
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN: 9175191741
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 131
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Book Description
A seemingly straightforward way to enhance the quality of printed images is to increase the number of colorants, beyond the four traditionally used, in multi-channel printing. Potential improvements to reproduced images include: increased colour accuracy, enhanced colour smoothness and reduced image graininess. Nevertheless, numerous challenges exist, one of them being the implementation of halftoning algorithms, which transform the original image into a binary one that is reproducible by the printing system. This thesis concerns the development, implementation and verification of halftoning algorithms suitable for an increased number of colorants in multi-channel printing. The first focus in this thesis is on the implementation of an amplitude modulated (AM) halftoning method for seven-channel printing utilizing CMYKRGB colorants. The proposed AM halftoning method utilizes non-orthogonal halftone screens instead of orthogonal ones (dots), thus enabling a wider angle range for the channels that makes possible to accommodate multi-channel impressions. The performance of the non-orthogonal halftoning method was evaluated by computational simulation of channel misregistration for 1600 different scenarios and assessment of printed orthogonal and non-orthogonal patches. The simulated and printed results demonstrate that the proposed halftoning method utilizing non-orthogonal screens shows no visible moiré and produces smaller colour shifts in case of misregistration when compared to orthogonal halftoning. However, the layer thickness of the combined colorants is not controlled by the aforementioned multi-channel AM halftoning approach. Therefore, the second focus in this thesis concerns the adjustment and implementation of a multilevel halftoning algorithm for achromatic and chromatic inks. In this algorithm, a channel is processed so that it can be printed using multiple inks of same hue value, achieving a single ink layer. Here, the thresholds for ink separation and dot gain compensation pose an interesting challenge. Since dot gain originates from the interaction between a specific ink and specific paper, compensating the original image for multilevel halftoning means expressing the dot gain of multiple inks in terms of the nominal coverage of a single ink. The applicability of the proposed multilevel halftoning workflow is demonstrated using multiple inks while avoiding dot-on-dot placement and accounting for dot gain. The results also show that the multilevel halftoned image is visually improved in terms of graininess and detailenhancement when compared to a bi-level halftoned image.
Author: Paula Žitinski Elías
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN: 9175191741
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 131
Get Book Here
Book Description
A seemingly straightforward way to enhance the quality of printed images is to increase the number of colorants, beyond the four traditionally used, in multi-channel printing. Potential improvements to reproduced images include: increased colour accuracy, enhanced colour smoothness and reduced image graininess. Nevertheless, numerous challenges exist, one of them being the implementation of halftoning algorithms, which transform the original image into a binary one that is reproducible by the printing system. This thesis concerns the development, implementation and verification of halftoning algorithms suitable for an increased number of colorants in multi-channel printing. The first focus in this thesis is on the implementation of an amplitude modulated (AM) halftoning method for seven-channel printing utilizing CMYKRGB colorants. The proposed AM halftoning method utilizes non-orthogonal halftone screens instead of orthogonal ones (dots), thus enabling a wider angle range for the channels that makes possible to accommodate multi-channel impressions. The performance of the non-orthogonal halftoning method was evaluated by computational simulation of channel misregistration for 1600 different scenarios and assessment of printed orthogonal and non-orthogonal patches. The simulated and printed results demonstrate that the proposed halftoning method utilizing non-orthogonal screens shows no visible moiré and produces smaller colour shifts in case of misregistration when compared to orthogonal halftoning. However, the layer thickness of the combined colorants is not controlled by the aforementioned multi-channel AM halftoning approach. Therefore, the second focus in this thesis concerns the adjustment and implementation of a multilevel halftoning algorithm for achromatic and chromatic inks. In this algorithm, a channel is processed so that it can be printed using multiple inks of same hue value, achieving a single ink layer. Here, the thresholds for ink separation and dot gain compensation pose an interesting challenge. Since dot gain originates from the interaction between a specific ink and specific paper, compensating the original image for multilevel halftoning means expressing the dot gain of multiple inks in terms of the nominal coverage of a single ink. The applicability of the proposed multilevel halftoning workflow is demonstrated using multiple inks while avoiding dot-on-dot placement and accounting for dot gain. The results also show that the multilevel halftoned image is visually improved in terms of graininess and detailenhancement when compared to a bi-level halftoned image.
Author: Paula Žitinski Elías
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN: 9176855589
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 189
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Book Description
Color printing is traditionally achieved by separating an input image into four channels (CMYK) and binarizing them using halftoning algorithms, in order to designate the locations of ink droplet placement. Multi-channel printing means a reproduction that employs additional inks other than these four in order to augment the color gamut (scope of reproducible colors) and reduce undesirable ink droplet visibility, so-called graininess. One aim of this dissertation has been to characterize a print setup in which both the primary inks CMYK and their light versions are used. The presented approach groups the inks, forming subsets, each representing a channel that is reproduced with multiple inks. To halftone the separated channels in the present methodology, a specific multilevel halftoning algorithm is employed, halftoning each channel to multiple levels. This algorithm performs the binarization from the ink subsets to each separate colorant. Consequently, the print characterization complexity remains unaltered when employing the light inks, avoiding the normal increase in computational complexity, the one-to-many mapping problem and the increase in the number of training samples. The results show that the reproduction is visually improved in terms of graininess and detail enhancement. The secondary color inks RGB are added in multi-channel printing to increase the color gamut. Utilizing them, however, potentially increases the perceived graininess. Moreover, employing the primary, secondary and light inks means a color separation from a three-channel CIELAB space into a multi-channel colorant space, resulting in colorimetric redundancy in which multiple ink combinations can reproduce the same target color. To address this, a proposed cost function is incorporated in the color separation approach, weighting selected factors that influence the reproduced image quality, i.e. graininess and color accuracy, in order to select the optimal ink combination. The perceived graininess is modeled by employing S-CIELAB, a spatial low-pass filtering mimicking the human visual system. By applying the filtering to a large dataset, a generalized prediction that quantifies the perceived graininess is carried out and incorporated as a criterion in the color separation. Consequently, the presented research increases the understanding of color reproduction and image quality in multi-channel printing, provides concrete solutions to challenges in the practical implementation, and rises the possibilities to fully utilize the potential in multi-channel printing for superior image quality.
Author: Andreas Nilsson
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN: 9175192217
Category : Anesthesia
Languages : en
Pages : 88
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Book Description
The need for procedural sedation is extensive and on the increase in numbers of patients. Minor treatments or diagnostic procedures are being performed with inadequate sedation or even without any sedatives or analgesics. Also, sedation techniques that support advanced, high-quality, in-patient care procedures representing easy performance and rapid recovery are requested for increased effectiveness. In this doctoral thesis, patient-controlled sedation (PCS) using propofol and alfentanil for surgical and diagnostic procedures was studied. The overall aim was to study aspects of safety, procedural feasibility and patients’ experiences. The main hypothesis was that PCS using only propofol is a safe and effective method for the induction and maintenance of moderate procedural sedation. The studies included were prospective, interventional, and in some cases, randomized and double-blinded. Data on cardiopulmonary changes, level of conscious sedation (bispectral index and Observer’s assessment of alertness/sedation [OAA/S]), pain, discomfort, anxiety, nausea (visual analogue scales), interventions performed by nurse anaesthetists, surgeons’ evaluation of feasibility, procedure characteristics, recovery (Aldrete score) and pharmacokinetic simulation of concentrations of drugs at the effect site supported the analysis and comparison between PCS and anaesthetist-controlled sedation and propofol PCS with or without alfentanil. PCS can be adjusted to cover a broad range of areas where sedation is needed, which, in this thesis, included burn care, gynaecological out-patient surgery and endoscopic procedures for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in the bile ducts (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography [ERCP]). PCS for burn wound treatment demands the addition of alfentanil, but still seems to be safe. PCS was preferred by the patients instead of anaesthetist-controlled sedation. The addition of alfentanil to PCS as an adjunct to gynaecological surgical procedures also using local anaesthesia increases the surgeon’s access to the patients, but impairs safety. Apnoea and other such conditions requiring interventions to restore respiratory function were seen in patients receiving both alfentanil and propofol for PCS. Patients’ experiencing perioperative pain and anxiety did not explain the effect-site concentrations of drugs. Different gynaecological procedures and patients’ weights seemed to best explain the concentrations. For discomfort and pain during the endoscopic procedure (ERCP), propofol PCS performs almost the same as anaesthetist-performed sedation. Overall, as part of the pre-operative procedures, PCS does not seem to be time-consuming. In respect to the perioperative perspective, PCS supports rapid recovery with a low incidence of tiredness, pain, and post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV). The data suggest that PCS further needs to be adapted to the patient, the specific procedure and the circumstances of sedation for optimal benefit and enhanced safety.
Author: Daniel L. Lau
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 142004754X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 687
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Book Description
The late 1980s, revolutionary advances in digital halftoning enabled inkjet printers to achieve much higher image fidelity. The rapid rate of progress has resulted in numerous breakthroughs scattered throughout the literature, rendering old technologies obsolete and renewing the need for a centralized source on the current state of the art. Entirely revised and updated, Modern Digital Halftoning, Second Edition provides an integrated and up-to-date treatment of stochastic halftoning and digital printing. Using full-color illustrations to enhance the text, this edition incorporates new topics as well as updated models, algorithms, and methods used to construct and improve the quality of green-noise, blue-noise, and multitone images. Following a review of various halftoning techniques, this edition now covers amplitude modulated dither arrays, adapting to human visual models, direct binary search, and handling stochastic moiré problems. It also presents a new chapter on lenticular printing, a means for printing color holographic images. Accompanying downloadable resources contain MATLAB® software files and illustrated examples employing algorithms, statistics, and other key concepts from the book. Documenting the development of digital printing since the first edition, Modern Digital Halftoning, Second Edition offers a well-rounded and accurate perspective on the technological capabilities of digital printing and provides all the necessary tools for continuing research in the field.
Author: Joceli Mayer
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319740830
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 142
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Book Description
This book presents covert, semi-covert and overt techniques for communication over printed media by modifying images, texts or barcodes within the document. Basic and advanced techniques are discussed aimed to modulate information into images, texts and barcodes. Conveying information over printed media can be useful for content authentication, author copyright, information and piracy product deterrent, side information for marketing, among other applications. Practical issues are discussed and experiments are provided to evaluate competitive approaches for hard-copy communication. This book is a useful resource for researchers, practitioners and graduate students in the field of hard-copy communication by providing the fundamentals, basic and advanced techniques as examples of approaches to address the hard-copy media distortions and particularities.
Author: Daniel L. Lau
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780824704568
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 474
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Book Description
A comprehensive treatment of various approaches to monochrome and digital halftoning. It describes ideal spatial and spectral characteristics of green- and blue-noise halftoning that provide patterns of visual appeal and computational complexity in a wide range of printing technologies. The book comes with a CD-ROM of algorithms and statistics with colour examples.
Author: José Braz
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319648705
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 625
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Book Description
This book constitutes thoroughly revised and selected papers from the 11th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications, VISIGRAPP 2016, held in Rome, Italy, in February 2016. VISIGRAPP comprises GRAPP, International Conference on Computer Graphics Theory and Applications; IVAPP, International Conference on Information Visualization Theory and Applications; and VISAPP, International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications. The 28 thoroughly revised and extended papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 338 submissions. The book also contains one invited talk in full-paper length. The regular papers were organized in topical sections named: computer graphics theory and applications; information visualization theory and applications; and computer vision theory and applications.
Author: Peter Bauer
Publisher: Que Publishing
ISBN: 9780789727602
Category : Adobe Photoshop
Languages : en
Pages : 512
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Book Description
CD-ROM contains: "many useful third party tools and utilities plus the samples from the book."
Author: Gerald F. Marshall
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0824759893
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 811
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Book Description
The Handbook of Optical and Laser Scanning reveals the fundamentals of controlling light beam deflection, factors in image fidelity and quality, and the newest technological developments currently impacting scanner system design and applications. This highly practical reference features a logical chapter organization, authoritative yet accessible w
Author: Gaurav Sharma
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351835971
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 845
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Book Description
Digital technology now enables unparalleled functionality and flexibility in the capture, processing, exchange, and output of color images. But harnessing its potential requires knowledge of color science, systems, processing algorithms, and device characteristics-topics drawn from a broad range of disciplines. One can acquire the requisite background with an armload of physics, chemistry, engineering, computer science, and mathematics books and journals- or one can find it here, in the Digital Color Imaging Handbook. Unprecedented in scope, this handbook presents, in a single concise and authoritative publication, the elements of these diverse areas relevant to digital color imaging. The first three chapters cover the basics of color vision, perception, and physics that underpin digital color imaging. The remainder of the text presents the technology of color imaging with chapters on color management, device color characterization, digital halftoning, image compression, color quantization, gamut mapping, computationally efficient transform algorithms, and color image processing for digital cameras. Each chapter is written by world-class experts and largely self-contained, but cross references between chapters reflect the topics' important interrelations. Supplemental materials are available for download from the CRC Web site, including electronic versions of some of the images presented in the book.
