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Author: World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9290215763
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 49
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Book Description
Elimination of the residual foci of malaria transmission is a dynamic process, taking place mainly during the late stage of the attack and consolidation phases of malaria elimination. This approach is suitable for countries or areas that are targeting interruption of malaria transmission in their territories. Countries can plan for a selective elimination of P. falciparum foci in the first stage, to be expanded to P. vivax at a later stage when more resources and a stronger program are available. During the past 15 years several national malaria programs in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region adopted elimination strategies. It is the vision of the Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean to expand malaria-free areas at sub-regional level and to support new initiatives wherever feasible. These guidelines on the elimination of malaria transmission foci provide information on identification of foci of malaria transmission, epidemiological classification, selection and application of appropriate measures and monitoring and evaluation of implemented interventions. The publication is targeted at policy and decision makers, malaria program managers at national and sub-national levels, and field staff. It can also be used in training courses on planning and management of malaria elimination
Author: World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9290215763
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 49
Get Book Here
Book Description
Elimination of the residual foci of malaria transmission is a dynamic process, taking place mainly during the late stage of the attack and consolidation phases of malaria elimination. This approach is suitable for countries or areas that are targeting interruption of malaria transmission in their territories. Countries can plan for a selective elimination of P. falciparum foci in the first stage, to be expanded to P. vivax at a later stage when more resources and a stronger program are available. During the past 15 years several national malaria programs in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region adopted elimination strategies. It is the vision of the Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean to expand malaria-free areas at sub-regional level and to support new initiatives wherever feasible. These guidelines on the elimination of malaria transmission foci provide information on identification of foci of malaria transmission, epidemiological classification, selection and application of appropriate measures and monitoring and evaluation of implemented interventions. The publication is targeted at policy and decision makers, malaria program managers at national and sub-national levels, and field staff. It can also be used in training courses on planning and management of malaria elimination
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9241564997
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 35
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Book Description
The World Health Organization's Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016- 2030 has been developed with the aim to help countries to reduce the human suffering caused by the world's deadliest mosquito-borne disease. Adopted by the World Health Assembly in May 2015 it provides comprehensive technical guidance to countries and development partners for the next 15 years emphasizing the importance of scaling up malaria responses and moving towards elimination. It also highlights the urgent need to increase investments across all interventions - including preventive measures diagnostic testing treatment and disease surveillance- as well as in harnessing innovation and expanding research. By adopting this strategy WHO Member States have endorsed the bold vision of a world free of malaria and set the ambitious new target of reducing the global malaria burden by 90% by 2030. They also agreed to strengthen health systems address emerging multi-drug and insecticide resistance and intensify national cross-border and regional efforts to scale up malaria responses to protect everyone at risk.
Author: Sylvie Manguin
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1789235502
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 454
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Book Description
Towards Malaria Elimination - A Leap Forward was started to mark the occasion for renewed commitment to end malaria transmission for good (the WHO's call for "Malaria Free World" by 2030). This book is dedicated for the benefit of researchers, scientists, program and policy managers, students and anyone interested in malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases with the goal of sharing recent information on success stories, innovative control approaches and challenges in different regions of the world. Some main issues that emerged included multidrug-resistant malaria and pandemic risk, vaccines, cross-border malaria, asymptomatic parasite reservoir, the threat of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi, insecticide resistance in Anopheles vectors and outdoor malaria transmission. This book is one little step forward to bring together in 17 chapters the experiences of malaria-expert researchers from five continents to present updated information on disease epidemiology and control at the national/regional level, highlighting the constraints, challenges, accomplishments and prospects of malaria elimination.
Author: King K. Holmes
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464805253
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1027
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Book Description
Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Author: Emilio Pampana
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 622
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Book Description
Author: Nkuchia M. M'ikanatha
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118543521
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1139
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Book Description
This fully updated edition of Infectious Disease Surveillance is for frontline public health practitioners, epidemiologists, and clinical microbiologists who are engaged in communicable disease control. It is also a foundational text for trainees in public health, applied epidemiology, postgraduate medicine and nursing programs. The second edition portrays both the conceptual framework and practical aspects of infectious disease surveillance. It is a comprehensive resource designed to improve the tracking of infectious diseases and to serve as a starting point in the development of new surveillance systems. Infectious Disease Surveillance includes over 45 chapters from over 100 contributors, and topics organized into six sections based on major themes. Section One highlights the critical role surveillance plays in public health and it provides an overview of the current International Health Regulations (2005) in addition to successes and challenges in infectious disease eradication. Section Two describes surveillance systems based on logical program areas such as foodborne illnesses, vector-borne diseases, sexually transmitted diseases, viral hepatitis healthcare and transplantation associated infections. Attention is devoted to programs for monitoring unexplained deaths, agents of bioterrorism, mass gatherings, and disease associated with international travel. Sections Three and Four explore the uses of the Internet and wireless technologies to advance infectious disease surveillance in various settings with emphasis on best practices based on deployed systems. They also address molecular laboratory methods, and statistical and geospatial analysis, and evaluation of systems for early epidemic detection. Sections Five and Six discuss legal and ethical considerations, communication strategies and applied epidemiology-training programs. The rest of the chapters offer public-private partnerships, as well lessons from the 2009-2010 H1N1 influenza pandemic and future directions for infectious disease surveillance.
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9241549394
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 139
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Book Description
The first version of the WHO Malaria microscopy quality assurance manual (2009) was based on recommendations made at a series of informal consultations organized by WHO particularly a bi-regional meeting of the WHO regional offices for South-East Asia and the Western Pacific in April 2005 in Kuala Lumpur Malaysia followed by informal consultations held in March 2006 and February 2008 in Geneva Switzerland. Subsequently extensive consultations among international malaria experts led to consensus and preparation of the manual. This second version of the Manual is based on the recommendations of experts made at a WHO technical consultation in March 2014 in Geneva Switzerland. The aim of the meeting was to review the experiences of national malaria control programmes (NMCPs) national reference laboratories (NRLs) and technical agencies in using the Manual and country experience in order to improve systems for managing the quality of malaria microscopy. This second version takes into account the many years of experience of several agencies in the various aspects of quality assurance (QA) described in the Manual. In particular the sections on assessment of competence in malaria microscopy are based on use of this method by the WHO regional offices for South-East Asia and the Western Pacific in collaboration with the WHO Coordinating Centre for Malaria in Australia and by the WHO Regional Office for Africa in collaboration with Amref Health Africa. The section on setting up and managing an international reference malaria slide bank is based on the work of the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific in collaboration with the WHO Coordinating Centre for Malaria Diagnosis in the Philippines. The section on proficiency testing for malaria microscopy is based on work in the WHO Regional Office for Africa in collaboration with the National Institute for Communicable Diseases in South Africa and experience in regional initiatives by Amref Health Africa. The section on slide validation is based on work by Médecins sans Frontières and the section on outreach training and supportive supervision (OTSS) is based on work by the President's Malaria Initiative Malaria Care Project Medical Care Development International and Amref Health Africa. The Manual is designed primarily to assist managers of NMCPs and general laboratory services responsible for malaria control. The information is also applicable to nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and funding agencies involved in improving quality management systems for malaria microscopy. The Manual is not designed for QA of microscopy in research situations such as in clinical trials of new drugs and vaccines or for monitoring parasite drug resistance. It forms part of a series of WHO documents designed to assist countries in improving the quality of malaria diagnosis in clinical settings including the revised training manuals on Basic malaria microscopy (2010) and the Bench aids for malaria microscopy (2010).
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9241565659
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 210
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Book Description
This year s report shows that after an unprecedented period of success in global malaria control progress has stalled. Data from 2015?2017 highlight that no significant progress in reducing global malaria cases was made in this period. There were an estimated 219 million cases and 435 000 related deaths in 2017. The World malaria report 2018 draws on data from 90 countries and areas with ongoing malaria transmission. The information is supplemented by data from national household surveys and databases held by other organizations.
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9241549122
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 317
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Book Description
Malaria remains an important cause of illness and death in children and adults in countries in which it is endemic. Malaria control requires an integrated approach including prevention (primarily vector control) and prompt treatment with effective antimalarial agents. Malaria case management consisting of prompt diagnosis and effective treatment remains a vital component of malaria control and elimination strategies. Since the publication of the first edition of the Guidelines for the treatment of malaria in 2006 and the second edition in 2010 all countries in which P. falciparum malaria is endemic have progressively updated their treatment policy from use of ineffective monotherapy to the currently recommended artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACT). This has contributed substantially to current reductions in global morbidity and mortality from malaria. Unfortunately resistance to artemisinins has arisen recently in P. falciparum in South-East Asia which threatens these gains. This third edition of the WHO Guidelines for the treatment of malaria contains updated recommendations based on a firmer evidence base for most antimalarial drugs and in addition include recommendation on the use of drugs to prevent malaria in groups at high risk. The Guidelines provide a framework for designing specific detailed national treatment protocols taking into account local patterns of resistance to antimalarial drugs and health service capacity. It provides recommendations on treatment of uncomplicated and severe malaria in all age groups all endemic areas in special populations and several complex situations. In addition on the use of antimalarial drugs as preventive therapy in healthy people living in malaria-endemic areas who are high risk in order to reduce morbidity and mortality from malaria. The Guidelines are designed primarily for policy-makers in ministries of health who formulate country-specific treatment guidelines. Other groups that may find them useful include health professionals and public health and policy specialists that are partners in health or malaria control and the pharmaceutical industry. The treatment recommendations in the main document are brief; for those who wish to study the evidence base in more detail a series of annexes is provided with references to the appropriate sections of the main document.
Author: Dirk F. Moore
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319312456
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 245
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Book Description
Applied Survival Analysis Using R covers the main principles of survival analysis, gives examples of how it is applied, and teaches how to put those principles to use to analyze data using R as a vehicle. Survival data, where the primary outcome is time to a specific event, arise in many areas of biomedical research, including clinical trials, epidemiological studies, and studies of animals. Many survival methods are extensions of techniques used in linear regression and categorical data, while other aspects of this field are unique to survival data. This text employs numerous actual examples to illustrate survival curve estimation, comparison of survivals of different groups, proper accounting for censoring and truncation, model variable selection, and residual analysis. Because explaining survival analysis requires more advanced mathematics than many other statistical topics, this book is organized with basic concepts and most frequently used procedures covered in earlier chapters, with more advanced topics near the end and in the appendices. A background in basic linear regression and categorical data analysis, as well as a basic knowledge of calculus and the R system, will help the reader to fully appreciate the information presented. Examples are simple and straightforward while still illustrating key points, shedding light on the application of survival analysis in a way that is useful for graduate students, researchers, and practitioners in biostatistics.
