Guide for Characterization of Sites Contaminated with Energetic Materials PDF Download
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Author: Sonia Thiboutot
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Explosives
Languages : en
Pages : 49
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Book Description
Author: Sonia Thiboutot
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Explosives
Languages : en
Pages : 49
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 73
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Book Description
This protocol will serve as a reference guide for future sampling campaigns on sites that are potentially contaminated with explosives. The protocol is based on Defence Research Establishment Valcartier research efforts and expertise in the chemistry of energetic materials, on the current literature, and on experience gained in practical field sampling. The protocol detailed in this report covers all aspects related to surface and subsurface sampling, extraction, analysis, field screening methods, and environmental fate of explosive-related contaminants. Safety procedures are also described that take into account the explosive and toxic nature of those compounds.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 030909447X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 371
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Book Description
At hundreds of thousands of commercial, industrial, and military sites across the country, subsurface materials including groundwater are contaminated with chemical waste. The last decade has seen growing interest in using aggressive source remediation technologies to remove contaminants from the subsurface, but there is limited understanding of (1) the effectiveness of these technologies and (2) the overall effect of mass removal on groundwater quality. This report reviews the suite of technologies available for source remediation and their ability to reach a variety of cleanup goals, from meeting regulatory standards for groundwater to reducing costs. The report proposes elements of a protocol for accomplishing source remediation that should enable project managers to decide whether and how to pursue source remediation at their sites.
Author: Geoffrey I. Sunahara
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420004344
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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Book Description
Managing sites contaminated with munitions constituents is an international challenge. Although the choice of approach and the use of Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) tools may vary from country to country, the assurance of quality and the direction of ecotoxicological research are universally recognized as shared concerns. Drawing on a multidiscip
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 824
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hazardous waste sites
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 91
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Book Description
This is the final report for the Source Characterization Model (SCM) developed by Aerodyne Research, Inc. (ARI) in collaboration with the U.S. Army Environmental Center (USAEC). It describes work performed under contract DACA72-00-C-0001 from the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) for the project CP-1159 entitled "A Predictive Capability for the Source Terms of Residual Energetic Materials from Burning and/or Detonation Activities". A portion of thisreport was previously released as a supplement to the 2002 Annual Report for that SERDP project. Detonation of energetic materials produces a wide range of air and surface pollutants, including carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, acid gases, and particulate matter. These emissions, including undecomposed or partially decomposed energetic materials, may lead to atmospheric pollution or ground water contamination. The speciation and amounts of these emitted pollutants depend on the identity and amount of energetic material detonated, the detonation order, the detonation mode (air burst, surface detonation, buried detonation), and the munitions type (shell, mine, detonation charge, etc.). In order to determine whether U.S. military training or munitions disposal activities produce emissions that threaten air or ground water quality, reliable estimates of emission factors must be available for a representative fraction of the thousands of munitions types in the inventory. A variety of recent detonation experiments, including detonation chamber tests, and open-air field detonations have yielded increasingly rich data sets of measured gaseous and particulate emissions factors from a range of energetic materials deployed as both unconfined charges and standard munitions. These data have been used under CP-1159 to guide the development of a detonation source characterization model (SCM) to be used to predict emissions across munitions classes and detonation modes.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Explosives, Military
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309373727
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 177
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Book Description
Fractured rock is the host or foundation for innumerable engineered structures related to energy, water, waste, and transportation. Characterizing, modeling, and monitoring fractured rock sites is critical to the functioning of those infrastructure, as well as to optimizing resource recovery and contaminant management. Characterization, Modeling, Monitoring, and Remediation of Fractured Rock examines the state of practice and state of art in the characterization of fractured rock and the chemical and biological processes related to subsurface contaminant fate and transport. This report examines new developments, knowledge, and approaches to engineering at fractured rock sites since the publication of the 1996 National Research Council report Rock Fractures and Fluid Flow: Contemporary Understanding and Fluid Flow. Fundamental understanding of the physical nature of fractured rock has changed little since 1996, but many new characterization tools have been developed, and there is now greater appreciation for the importance of chemical and biological processes that can occur in the fractured rock environment. The findings of Characterization, Modeling, Monitoring, and Remediation of Fractured Rock can be applied to all types of engineered infrastructure, but especially to engineered repositories for buried or stored waste and to fractured rock sites that have been contaminated as a result of past disposal or other practices. The recommendations of this report are intended to help the practitioner, researcher, and decision maker take a more interdisciplinary approach to engineering in the fractured rock environment. This report describes how existing tools-some only recently developed-can be used to increase the accuracy and reliability of engineering design and management given the interacting forces of nature. With an interdisciplinary approach, it is possible to conceptualize and model the fractured rock environment with acceptable levels of uncertainty and reliability, and to design systems that maximize remediation and long-term performance. Better scientific understanding could inform regulations, policies, and implementation guidelines related to infrastructure development and operations. The recommendations for research and applications to enhance practice of this book make it a valuable resource for students and practitioners in this field.
Author: Azamal Husen
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 032398309X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 470
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Book Description
Environmental pollution as a consequence of diverse human activities has become a global concern. Urbanization, mining, industrial revolution, burning of fossil fuels/firewood and poor agricultural practices, in addition to improper dumping of waste products, are largely responsible for the undesirable change in the environment composition. Environmental pollution is mainly classified as air pollution, water pollution, land pollution, noise pollution, thermal pollution, light pollution, and plastic pollution. Nowadays, it has been realized that with the increasing environmental pollution, impurities may accumulate in plants, which are required for basic human uses such as for food, clothing, medicine, and so on. Environmental pollution has tremendous impacts on phenological events, structural patterns, physiological phenomena, biochemical status, and the cellular and molecular features of plants. Exposure to environmental pollution induces acute or chronic injury depending on the pollutant concentration, exposure duration, season and plant species. Moreover, the global rise of greenhouse gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxides, methane, chlorofluorocarbons and ozone in the atmosphere is among the major threats to the biodiversity. They have also shown visible impacts on life cycles and distribution of various plant species. Anthropogenic activities, including the fossil-fuel combustion in particular, are responsible for steady increases in the atmospheric greenhouse gases concentrations. This phenomenon accelerates the global heating. Studies have suggested that the changes in carbon dioxide concentrations, rainfall and temperature have greatly influenced the plant physiological and metabolic activities including the formation of biologically active ingredients. Taken together, plants interact with pollutants, and cause adverse ecological and economic outcomes. Therefore, plant response to pollutants requires more investigation in terms of damage detection, adaptation, tolerance, and the physiological and molecular responses. The complex interplay among other emerging pollutants, namely, radioisotopes, cell-phone radiation, nanoparticles, nanocomposites, heavy metals etc. and their impact on plant adaptation strategies, and possibility to recover, mitigation, phytoremediation, etc., also needs to be explored. Further, it is necessary to elucidate better the process of the pollutant's uptake by plant and accumulation in the food chain, and the plant resistance capability against the various kinds of environmental pollutants. In this context, the identification of tolerance mechanisms in plants against pollutants can help in developing eco-friendly technologies, which requires molecular approaches to increase plant tolerance to pollutants, such as plant transformation and genetic modifications. Pollutant-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species that cause DNA damage and apoptosis-related alterations, has also been examined. They also trigger changes at the levels of transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome, which has been discussed in this book.
