Author: G. Jousma
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400923015
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 640
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Book Description
The protection of groundwater resources has emerged in recent years as a high priority topic on the agenda of many countries. In responding to the growing concern over deteriorating groundwater quality, many countries are developing a comprehensive regulatory framework for the management of subsurface water resources with management referring to both quantity and quality aspects. Within this framework, groundwater models are rapidly coming to playa central role in the development of protection and rehabilitation strategies. These models provide forecasts of the future state of the groundwater aquifer systems and/or the unsaturated zone in response to proposed management initiatives. For example, models will predict the effects of implementing a proposed management scheme on water levels and on the transport and fate of pollutants. The models are now used in the formulation of policies and regulations, the issuing of permits, design of monitoring and data collection systems, and the development of enforcement actions. The growth in the use of these sophisticated tools has led to many unforeseen problems in groundwater management. Lingering issues include reliability of codes, quality assurance in model development and applications, efficient utiliza tion of human and material resources, technology transfer and training. Some issues have legal ramifications, as in cases where the applications of models have been contested in courts.
Author: Jacob Bear
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400933797
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 426
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Book Description
Groundwater constitutes an important component of many water resource systems, supplying water for domestic use, for industry, and for agriculture. Management of a groundwater system, an aquifer, or a system of aquifers, means making such decisions as to the total quantity of water to be withdrawn annually, the location of wells for pumping and for artificial recharge and their rates, and control conditions at aquifer boundaries. Not less important are decisions related to groundwater qUality. In fact, the quantity and quality problems cannot be separated. In many parts of the world, with the increased withdrawal of ground water, often beyond permissible limits, the quality of groundwater has been continuously deteriorating, causing much concern to both suppliers and users. In recent years, in addition to general groundwater quality aspects, public attention has been focused on groundwater contamination by hazardous industrial wastes, by leachate from landfills, by oil spills, and by agricultural activities such as the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides, and by radioactive waste in repositories located in deep geological formations, to mention some of the most acute contamination sources. In all these cases, management means making decisions to achieve goals without violating specified constraints. In order to enable the planner, or the decision maker, to compare alternative modes of action and to ensure that the constraints are not violated, a tool is needed that will provide information about the response of the system (the aquifer) to various alternatives.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309110009
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
Many regulations issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are based on the results of computer models. Models help EPA explain environmental phenomena in settings where direct observations are limited or unavailable, and anticipate the effects of agency policies on the environment, human health and the economy. Given the critical role played by models, the EPA asked the National Research Council to assess scientific issues related to the agency's selection and use of models in its decisions. The book recommends a series of guidelines and principles for improving agency models and decision-making processes. The centerpiece of the book's recommended vision is a life-cycle approach to model evaluation which includes peer review, corroboration of results, and other activities. This will enhance the agency's ability to respond to requirements from a 2001 law on information quality and improve policy development and implementation.
Author: Michael J. Focazio
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
Author: Jacob Bear
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402066821
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 851
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Book Description
In many parts of the world, groundwater resources are under increasing threat from growing demands, wasteful use, and contamination. To face the challenge, good planning and management practices are needed. A key to the management of groundwater is the ability to model the movement of fluids and contaminants in the subsurface. The purpose of this book is to construct conceptual and mathematical models that can provide the information required for making decisions associated with the management of groundwater resources, and the remediation of contaminated aquifers. The basic approach of this book is to accurately describe the underlying physics of groundwater flow and solute transport in heterogeneous porous media, starting at the microscopic level, and to rigorously derive their mathematical representation at the macroscopic levels. The well-posed, macroscopic mathematical models are formulated for saturated, single phase flow, as well as for unsaturated and multiphase flow, and for the transport of single and multiple chemical species. Numerical models are presented and computer codes are reviewed, as tools for solving the models. The problem of seawater intrusion into coastal aquifers is examined and modeled. The issues of uncertainty in model input data and output are addressed. The book concludes with a chapter on the management of groundwater resources. Although one of the main objectives of this book is to construct mathematical models, the amount of mathematics required is kept minimal.
Author: Srikanta Mishra
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 352
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Book Description
This collection contains 30 peer-reviewed papers presented at a symposium, Probabilistic Approaches and Groundwater Modeling, at the 2003 World Environmental and Water Resources Congress, held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, June 24-26, 2003.
Author: Jacob Bear
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Groundwater
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Book Description
Author: Henry Gilbert
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural chemicals
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309047994
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 227
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Book Description
Since the need to protect ground water from pollution was recognized, researchers have made progress in understanding the vulnerability of ground water to contamination. Yet, there are substantial uncertainties in the vulnerability assessment methods now available. With a wealth of detailed information and practical advice, this volume will help decision-makers derive the most benefit from available assessment techniques. It offers: Three laws of ground water vulnerability. Six case studies of vulnerability assessment. Guidance for selecting vulnerability assessments and using the results. Reviews of the strengths and limitations of assessment methods. Information on available data bases, primarily at the federal level. This book will be indispensable to policymakers and resource managers, environmental professionals, researchers, faculty, and students involved in ground water issues, as well as investigators developing new assessment methods.
Author: J. van Eyk
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1351425218
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 325
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Book Description
Petroleum bioventing is a new technique for the biological in situ removal of petroleum hydrocarbons from soil. This book investigates the composition and the behaviour of petroleum in soil, soil properties and soil processes, their interaction with bacterial processes, possibilities for optimizing the removal of petroleum hydrocarbons from soil by bacteria and it explains the phenomenon of recalcitrance. This interdisciplinary approach forms the basis for both modelling and design principles of bioventing. Key features: Background knowledge on the physical/chemical/biogeochemical properties of soil and soil processes with respect to petroleum bioventing; Background knowledge on petroleum biodegradation and noval approaches to stimulate petroleum biodegradation to stimulate petroleum biodegradation in soil and biofilters; Modelling efforts showing the effect of diffusion and soil porosity on bioventing design and the effect of ventilation quotients on the aeration & biological clean up of soils, particularly heterogeneous soils; New insights into biological removal of priority pollutants from petroleum hydrocarbons, the problem of residual concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil & the requirements by the Law on Soil Protection.
