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Author: Stavroula Chrisdoulaki
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3640737156
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 17
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Book Description
Seminar paper from the year 2010 in the subject Politics - Region: Southeastern Europe, grade: A, University of Flensburg, language: English, abstract: The Treaty of Moundros, which was signed on 30th of October in 1918, formed the starting point of the end of the First World War. The defeated Central Powers, which were consisted by Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria had to accept the stipulations laid down by Entete Powers consisted by France, United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, United States and Greece, which entered the war in 1916 under the leading of Entete-friend Eleftherios Venizelos. One of the treaties signed after the war was the Treaty of Sevres on 10th of August in1920, which was indisputably concerned as a victory of Greek diplomacy and Venizelos‟ policies. According to Sevres Treaty East Thrace (until the borders of Constantinople) and the islands Imbros (Gökçeada) and Tenedos (Bozcaada) were ceded to Greece while at the area of Smyrna Greece had the ability of administration and the people after five years could decide- via referendum- their union with Greece or not.
Author: Stavroula Chrisdoulaki
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3640737156
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 17
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Book Description
Seminar paper from the year 2010 in the subject Politics - Region: Southeastern Europe, grade: A, University of Flensburg, language: English, abstract: The Treaty of Moundros, which was signed on 30th of October in 1918, formed the starting point of the end of the First World War. The defeated Central Powers, which were consisted by Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria had to accept the stipulations laid down by Entete Powers consisted by France, United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, United States and Greece, which entered the war in 1916 under the leading of Entete-friend Eleftherios Venizelos. One of the treaties signed after the war was the Treaty of Sevres on 10th of August in1920, which was indisputably concerned as a victory of Greek diplomacy and Venizelos‟ policies. According to Sevres Treaty East Thrace (until the borders of Constantinople) and the islands Imbros (Gökçeada) and Tenedos (Bozcaada) were ceded to Greece while at the area of Smyrna Greece had the ability of administration and the people after five years could decide- via referendum- their union with Greece or not.
Author: Bruce Clark
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 9780674023680
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
In the dismantling of the Ottoman Empire following World War I, nearly two million citizens in Turkey and Greece were expelled from homelands. The Lausanne treaty resulted in the deportation of Orthodox Christians from Turkey to Greece and of Muslims from Greece to Turkey. The transfer was hailed as a solution to the problem of minorities who could not coexist. Both governments saw the exchange as a chance to create societies of a single culture. The opinions and feelings of those uprooted from their native soil were never solicited. In an evocative book, Bruce Clark draws on new archival research in Turkey and Greece as well as interviews with surviving participants to examine this unprecedented exercise in ethnic engineering. He examines how the exchange was negotiated and how people on both sides came to terms with new lands and identities. Politically, the population exchange achieved its planners' goals, but the enormous human suffering left shattered legacies. It colored relations between Turkey and Greece, and has been invoked as a solution by advocates of ethnic separation from the Balkans to South Asia to the Middle East. This thoughtful book is a timely reminder of the effects of grand policy on ordinary people and of the difficulties for modern nations in contested regions where people still identify strongly with their ethnic or religious community.
Author: Renée Hirschon
Publisher: Berghahn Books
ISBN: 0857457020
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 318
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Book Description
Following the defeat of the Greek Army in 1922 by nationalist Turkish forces, the 1923 Lausanne Convention specified the first internationally ratified compulsory population exchange. It proved to be a watershed in the eastern Mediterranean, having far-reaching ramifications both for the new Turkish Republic, and for Greece which hadto absorb over a million refugees. Known as the Asia Minor Catastrophe by the Greeks, it marked the establishment of the independent nation state for the Turks. The consequences of this event have received surprisingly little attention despite the considerable relevance for the contemporary situation in the Balkans. This volume addresses the challenge of writing history from both sides of the Aegean and provides, for the first time, a forum for multidisciplinary dialogue across national boundaries.
Author: Safiye Bilge Temel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Minorities
Languages : en
Pages : 318
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Book Description
Author: Onur Yildirim
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136600094
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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Book Description
This study presents a comprehensive, balanced and factually grounded narrative of the Turco-Greek Exchange of Populations as a historic event that has been the subject of much distortion in the historiographical traditions of nationalist lore in Greece and Turkey, as well as in scholarly publications of various sorts elsewhere over the span of the past eighty years. Diplomacy and Displacement contributes to the general literature on the Exchange by incorporating into the broader picture the Turkish dimension of the event, particularly the Turkish side of the decision-making process, and the episode of the Muslim refugees that have been left outside the scope of the research agenda, thereby, breaking up the established notion of the Exchange skewed towards the Greek side. It thus sheds doubt on the success paradigm attributed to this event. By adopting a people-centered approach to the Lausanne Treaty and its consequences, the book offers a critique of official versions of the story and encourages people to consider policy decisions together with their huge and often devastating implications for the lives of ordinary people.
Author: Konstantinos Tsitselikis
Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
ISBN: 9004221522
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 628
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Book Description
Providing an interdisciplinary look at Greece’s Muslim minority and migrant communities, this book provides an exhaustive legal analysis of regulations and broadens our understanding of the political management of ethnic and religious otherness, while placing these phenomena in historical context.
Author: Aslı Iğsız
Publisher: Stanford University Press
ISBN: 1503606872
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 429
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Book Description
The 1923 Greek-Turkish population exchange forcibly relocated one and a half million people: Muslims in Greece were resettled in Turkey, and Greek Orthodox Christians in Turkey were moved to Greece. This landmark event set a legal precedent for population management on the basis of religious or ethnic difference. Similar segregative policies—such as creating walls, partitions, and apartheids—have followed in its wake. Strikingly, the exchange was purportedly enacted as a means to achieve peace. Humanism in Ruins maps the links between liberal discourses on peace and the legacies of this forced migration. Aslı Iğsız weaves together past and present, making visible the effects in Turkey across the ensuing century, of the 1923 exchange. Liberal humanism has responded to segregative policies by calling for coexistence and the acceptance of cultural diversity. Yet, as Iğsız makes clear, liberal humanism itself, with its ahistorical emphasis on a shared humanity, fails to confront an underlying racialized logic. This far-reaching and multilayered cultural history investigates what it means to be human—historically, socially, and politically. It delivers an urgent message about the politics of difference at a time when the reincarnation of fascism in different parts of the world invites citizens to participate in perpetuating a racialized and unequal world.
Author: Anthony Barker
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 331966851X
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
This book is a collection of essays on neglected aspects of the Great War. It begins by asking what exactly was so "Great" about it, before turning to individual studies of various aspects of the war. These fall broadly into two categories. Firstly personal, micro-narratives that deal directly with the experience of war, often derived from contemporary interest in diaries and oral histories. Presenting both a close-up view of the viscerality, and the tedium and powerlessness of personal situations, these same narratives also address the effects of the war on hitherto under-regarded groups such as children and animals. Secondly, the authors look at the impact of the course of the war on theatres, often left out in reflections on the main European combatants and therefore not part of the regular iconography of the trenches in places such as Denmark, Canada, India, the Levant, Greece and East Africa.
Author: Emine Yesim Bedlek
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN: 0857729977
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 224
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Book Description
In 1923 the Turkish government, under its new leader Kemal Ataturk, signed a renegotiated Balkan Wars treaty with the major powers of the day and Greece. This treaty provided for the forced exchange of 1.3 million Christians from Anatolia to Greece, in return for 30,000 Greek Muslims. The mass migration that ensued was a humanitarian catastrophe - of the 1.3 million Christians relocated it is estimated only 150,000 were successfully integrated into the Greek state. Furthermore, because the treaty was ethnicity-blind, tens of thousands of Muslim Greeks (ethnically and linguistically) were forced into Turkey against their will. Both the Greek and Turkish leadership saw this exchange as crucial to the state-strengthening projects both powers were engaged in after the First World War. Here, Emine Bedlek approaches this enormous shift in national thinking through literary texts - addressing the themes of loss, identity, memory and trauma which both populations experienced. The result is a new understanding of the tensions between religious and ethnic identity in modern Turkey.
Author: Joost Jongerden
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 0429559062
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 674
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Book Description
This Handbook discusses the new political and social realities in Turkey from a range of perspectives, emphasizing both changes as well as continuities. Contextualizing recent developments, the chapters, written by experts in their fields, combine analytical depth with a broad overview. In the last few years alone, Turkey has experienced a failed coup attempt; a prolonged state of emergency; the development of a presidential system based on the supreme power of the head of state; a crackdown on traditional and new media, universities and civil society organizations; the detention of journalists, mayors and members of parliament; the establishment of political tutelage over the judiciary; and a staggering economic crisis. It has also terminated talks with the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK); intervened in and occupied mountainous border areas in northern Iraq to fight that organization; occupied Afrin and strips of territory in northern Syria; intervened in Libya; articulated an assertive transnational politics toward “kin” across the world; strained its relations with the European Union and the US, while developing relations with Russia; flirted with China’s intercontinental Belt and Road Initiative; and carved out a presence in Africa, to name just a few of the most recent developments. This volume provides a comprehensive and wide-ranging overview of the making of modern Turkey. It is a key reference for students and scholars interested in political economy, security studies, international relations and Turkish studies.
