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Author: Gerald Vann Groves
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmosphere, Upper
Languages : en
Pages : 130
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Book Description
Monthly means of zonal mean temperature, pressure, density, number density, pressure scale height, and geostrophic W-E wind are tabulated at heights from 18 to 80 km and latitudes from 80 S to 80 N with a 10 deg latitude interval. Formulae by which these quantities may be computed are present. Monthly mean longitudinal variations of temperature, pressure and density are tabulated at 30 deg longitude intervals for September to April in the N hemisphere and April to November in the S hemisphere at latitudes 20, 30 ..., 80 N (or S) over the same range of heights. Formulae by which the temperature, pressure and density variations may be computed are presented. The zonal means are derived from tabulations of temperature and geopotential height based on Nimbus 5 SCR and Nimbus 6 PMR and a S hemisphere reference atmosphere based on rocketsonde data that were both prepared for the COSPAR Meeting, Graz 1984 and on two earlier N hemisphere rocket-based reference atmospheres. CIRA 1972 and Air Force Reference Atmospheres (1978). The longitudinal variations are derived solely from the satellite-based tabulations. Comparisons are made between the rocket-based reference atmospheres, the satellite-based tabulations and the reference values presented here. Keywords: Reference atmosphere; Temperature; Pressure; Density; Stratosphere; Mesosphere. (Author).
Author: Gerald Vann Groves
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmosphere, Upper
Languages : en
Pages : 130
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Book Description
Monthly means of zonal mean temperature, pressure, density, number density, pressure scale height, and geostrophic W-E wind are tabulated at heights from 18 to 80 km and latitudes from 80 S to 80 N with a 10 deg latitude interval. Formulae by which these quantities may be computed are present. Monthly mean longitudinal variations of temperature, pressure and density are tabulated at 30 deg longitude intervals for September to April in the N hemisphere and April to November in the S hemisphere at latitudes 20, 30 ..., 80 N (or S) over the same range of heights. Formulae by which the temperature, pressure and density variations may be computed are presented. The zonal means are derived from tabulations of temperature and geopotential height based on Nimbus 5 SCR and Nimbus 6 PMR and a S hemisphere reference atmosphere based on rocketsonde data that were both prepared for the COSPAR Meeting, Graz 1984 and on two earlier N hemisphere rocket-based reference atmospheres. CIRA 1972 and Air Force Reference Atmospheres (1978). The longitudinal variations are derived solely from the satellite-based tabulations. Comparisons are made between the rocket-based reference atmospheres, the satellite-based tabulations and the reference values presented here. Keywords: Reference atmosphere; Temperature; Pressure; Density; Stratosphere; Mesosphere. (Author).
Author: Gerald Vann Groves
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmosphere, Upper
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Book Description
A formulation is presented for modeling neutral atmosphere structure in an intermediate height region (70-130 km) between given lower and upper models in temperature, pressure, density and constituent gas concentrations and to maintain continuity in the second derivative of temperature and the other properties with respect to height. The method employs temperature as the prime parameter requiring simultaneously a best fit to available temperature data at the intermediate heights and hydrostatic consistency between the nitrogen partial pressures at 70 and 130 km. The method is well suited to upper and lower models that have analytical representations and is developed as the upper model and for polynomially-generated height-latitude cross-sections in the lower region. Attention is given to comparisons between observed and model temperatures and it is found that mid-latitude data (primarily obtained using the incoherent scatter technique) are on average higher than the models due to the requirement to maintain hydrostatic consistency in nitrogen partial pressures between the 70 km and 130 km values of the given lower and upper models. This discrepancy which at present remains an unresolved problem is discussed in the text. Tables of temperature, pressure, and density are included in the report based on the best fit to available data and simultaneously satisfying the constraints of the upper and lower models. Keywords: Temperature; Mesosphere; Pressure; Lower thermosphere; Density; Model atmospheres. (JHD).
Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 938
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric circulation
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 1176
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Author: Carl Gerald Justus
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric circulation
Languages : en
Pages : 920
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geomagnetism
Languages : en
Pages : 58
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Book Description
This report provides descriptions of environmental models used in the near-earth environment for the analysis of earth-based and satellite data. Included are models of the ionosphere, atmosphere, radiation belt, Earth's magnetic field, and orbital prediction. These models are used at PL for a variety of purposes, in particular, for the analysis of experimental data obtained from ground based instruments and, where applicable, instruments carried on balloons, rockets, and satellites. Some of the models described here were developed at PL based upon such measurements. For many of the models described here, computer output is provided together with estimates of computer (CPU) times required to generate such output. The computer codes (subroutines) for these models are frequently incorporated into programs used for data analysis and reduction, as well as mission planning. It is hoped that this report will serve as a useful reference for planning such future missions.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 1120
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Author: PLUMB
Publisher: Birkhäuser
ISBN: 3034858256
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 465
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PAGEOPH, stratosphere, these differences provide us with new evidence, interpretation of which can materially help to advance our understanding of stratospheric dynamics in general. It is now weil established that smaller-scale motions-in particular gravity waves and turbulence-are of fundamental importance in the general circulation of the mesosphere; they seem to be similarly, if less spectacularly, significant in the troposphere, and probably also in the stratosphere. Our understanding of these motions, their effects on the mean circulation and their mutual interactions is progressing rapidly, as is weil illustrated by the papers in this issue; there are reports of observational studies, especially with new instruments such as the Japanese MV radar, reviews of the state of theory, a laboratory study and an analysis of gravity waves and their effects in the high resolution "SKYHI" general circulation model. There are good reasons to suspect that gravity waves may be of crucial significance in making the stratospheric circulation the way it is (modeling experience being one suggestive piece of evidence for this). Direct observational proof has thus far been prevented by the difficulty of making observations of such scales of motion in this region; in one study reported here, falling sphere observations are used to obtain information on the structure and intensity of waves in the upper stratosphere.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Geophysics
Languages : en
Pages : 810
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