Author: Sm Publishing
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 120
Book Description
Black Girl Magic 2022-2023 Weekly Planner 🌟Product Details : 🌟Printed on high quality 🌟120 pages 🌟8.5 x 11 Size 🌟monthly and weekly overviews 🌟One week per page 🌟black & white interior
The Black Girl Magic 2022-2023 Planner
Author: Sm Publishing
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 120
Book Description
Black Girl Magic 2022-2023 Weekly Planner 🌟Product Details : 🌟Printed on high quality 🌟120 pages 🌟8.5 x 11 Size 🌟monthly and weekly overviews 🌟One week per page 🌟black & white interior
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 120
Book Description
Black Girl Magic 2022-2023 Weekly Planner 🌟Product Details : 🌟Printed on high quality 🌟120 pages 🌟8.5 x 11 Size 🌟monthly and weekly overviews 🌟One week per page 🌟black & white interior
Boss Girl Life Guide Budget Planner
Author: The Real Nyee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 120
Book Description
A 12 month budget planner, that includes everything you need stay organized and productive. Every boss girl needs a daily planner to help her prioritize, budget & plan task for her busy day.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 120
Book Description
A 12 month budget planner, that includes everything you need stay organized and productive. Every boss girl needs a daily planner to help her prioritize, budget & plan task for her busy day.
#GIRLBOSS
Author: Sophia Amoruso
Publisher: Penguin
ISBN: 0698154908
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 253
Book Description
In the New York Times bestseller that the Washington Post called “Lean In for misfits,” Sophia Amoruso shares how she went from dumpster diving to founding one of the fastest-growing retailers in the world. Amoruso spent her teens hitchhiking, committing petty theft, and scrounging in dumpsters for leftover bagels. By age twenty-two she had dropped out of school, and was broke, directionless, and checking IDs in the lobby of an art school—a job she’d taken for the health insurance. It was in that lobby that Sophia decided to start selling vintage clothes on eBay. Flash forward to today, and she’s the founder of Nasty Gal and the founder and CEO of Girlboss. Sophia was never a typical CEO, or a typical anything, and she’s written #GIRLBOSS for other girls like her: outsiders (and insiders) seeking a unique path to success, even when that path is windy as all hell and lined with naysayers. #GIRLBOSS proves that being successful isn’t about where you went to college or how popular you were in high school. It’s about trusting your instincts and following your gut; knowing which rules to follow and which to break; when to button up and when to let your freak flag fly. “A witty and cleverly told account . . . It’s this kind of honest advice, plus the humorous ups and downs of her rise in online retail, that make the book so appealing.” —Los Angeles Times “Amoruso teaches the innovative and entrepreneurial among us to play to our strengths, learn from our mistakes, and know when to break a few of the traditional rules.” —Vanity Fair “#GIRLBOSS is more than a book . . . #GIRLBOSS is a movement.” —Lena Dunham
Publisher: Penguin
ISBN: 0698154908
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 253
Book Description
In the New York Times bestseller that the Washington Post called “Lean In for misfits,” Sophia Amoruso shares how she went from dumpster diving to founding one of the fastest-growing retailers in the world. Amoruso spent her teens hitchhiking, committing petty theft, and scrounging in dumpsters for leftover bagels. By age twenty-two she had dropped out of school, and was broke, directionless, and checking IDs in the lobby of an art school—a job she’d taken for the health insurance. It was in that lobby that Sophia decided to start selling vintage clothes on eBay. Flash forward to today, and she’s the founder of Nasty Gal and the founder and CEO of Girlboss. Sophia was never a typical CEO, or a typical anything, and she’s written #GIRLBOSS for other girls like her: outsiders (and insiders) seeking a unique path to success, even when that path is windy as all hell and lined with naysayers. #GIRLBOSS proves that being successful isn’t about where you went to college or how popular you were in high school. It’s about trusting your instincts and following your gut; knowing which rules to follow and which to break; when to button up and when to let your freak flag fly. “A witty and cleverly told account . . . It’s this kind of honest advice, plus the humorous ups and downs of her rise in online retail, that make the book so appealing.” —Los Angeles Times “Amoruso teaches the innovative and entrepreneurial among us to play to our strengths, learn from our mistakes, and know when to break a few of the traditional rules.” —Vanity Fair “#GIRLBOSS is more than a book . . . #GIRLBOSS is a movement.” —Lena Dunham
The Most Powerful Woman in the Room Is You
Author: Lydia Fenet
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 1982101156
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 304
Book Description
The Senior Vice President of Christie’s and seasoned auctioneer Lydia Fenet, with her “razor-sharp humor and her don’t-mess-with-me gavel strike” (Mariska Hargitay, star of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit), shares the secrets of success and the strategies behind her revolutionary sales approach to show you how to embrace and channel your own power in any room. Who is the most powerful woman in the room? She’s the one who can raise a million dollars in a minute. She’s the one who can command the attention of a group of any size from one person to five thousand. She’s the one who can sell anything to anyone. And she can be you. As a senior executive at Christie’s, leader in her field, and one of Gotham magazine’s Most Influential Women in New York, Lydia Fenet knows firsthand that the one skill that can set women apart in both their personal life and career is the ability to sell. The Most Powerful Woman in the Room Is You equips you with everything you need to know—from how to sell authentically and how to network (or die), to the importance of never apologizing (start negotiating instead), how to perfect your poker face, and always, always, tell the truth. Most of all, she offers plenty of encouragement to take ownership in your position and look for opportunities to innovate. Filled with additional case studies, thoughtful insights, and meaningful advice from some of the most powerful and successful women in business, fashion, journalism, sports, and the arts, The Most Powerful Woman in the Room Is You “is an insightful, inspiring guide for women who are trying to claim their own seat at the table” (New York Journal of Books).
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 1982101156
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 304
Book Description
The Senior Vice President of Christie’s and seasoned auctioneer Lydia Fenet, with her “razor-sharp humor and her don’t-mess-with-me gavel strike” (Mariska Hargitay, star of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit), shares the secrets of success and the strategies behind her revolutionary sales approach to show you how to embrace and channel your own power in any room. Who is the most powerful woman in the room? She’s the one who can raise a million dollars in a minute. She’s the one who can command the attention of a group of any size from one person to five thousand. She’s the one who can sell anything to anyone. And she can be you. As a senior executive at Christie’s, leader in her field, and one of Gotham magazine’s Most Influential Women in New York, Lydia Fenet knows firsthand that the one skill that can set women apart in both their personal life and career is the ability to sell. The Most Powerful Woman in the Room Is You equips you with everything you need to know—from how to sell authentically and how to network (or die), to the importance of never apologizing (start negotiating instead), how to perfect your poker face, and always, always, tell the truth. Most of all, she offers plenty of encouragement to take ownership in your position and look for opportunities to innovate. Filled with additional case studies, thoughtful insights, and meaningful advice from some of the most powerful and successful women in business, fashion, journalism, sports, and the arts, The Most Powerful Woman in the Room Is You “is an insightful, inspiring guide for women who are trying to claim their own seat at the table” (New York Journal of Books).
Ask a Manager
Author: Alison Green
Publisher: Ballantine Books
ISBN: 0399181822
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 306
Book Description
From the creator of the popular website Ask a Manager and New York’s work-advice columnist comes a witty, practical guide to 200 difficult professional conversations—featuring all-new advice! There’s a reason Alison Green has been called “the Dear Abby of the work world.” Ten years as a workplace-advice columnist have taught her that people avoid awkward conversations in the office because they simply don’t know what to say. Thankfully, Green does—and in this incredibly helpful book, she tackles the tough discussions you may need to have during your career. You’ll learn what to say when • coworkers push their work on you—then take credit for it • you accidentally trash-talk someone in an email then hit “reply all” • you’re being micromanaged—or not being managed at all • you catch a colleague in a lie • your boss seems unhappy with your work • your cubemate’s loud speakerphone is making you homicidal • you got drunk at the holiday party Praise for Ask a Manager “A must-read for anyone who works . . . [Alison Green’s] advice boils down to the idea that you should be professional (even when others are not) and that communicating in a straightforward manner with candor and kindness will get you far, no matter where you work.”—Booklist (starred review) “The author’s friendly, warm, no-nonsense writing is a pleasure to read, and her advice can be widely applied to relationships in all areas of readers’ lives. Ideal for anyone new to the job market or new to management, or anyone hoping to improve their work experience.”—Library Journal (starred review) “I am a huge fan of Alison Green’s Ask a Manager column. This book is even better. It teaches us how to deal with many of the most vexing big and little problems in our workplaces—and to do so with grace, confidence, and a sense of humor.”—Robert Sutton, Stanford professor and author of The No Asshole Rule and The Asshole Survival Guide “Ask a Manager is the ultimate playbook for navigating the traditional workforce in a diplomatic but firm way.”—Erin Lowry, author of Broke Millennial: Stop Scraping By and Get Your Financial Life Together
Publisher: Ballantine Books
ISBN: 0399181822
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 306
Book Description
From the creator of the popular website Ask a Manager and New York’s work-advice columnist comes a witty, practical guide to 200 difficult professional conversations—featuring all-new advice! There’s a reason Alison Green has been called “the Dear Abby of the work world.” Ten years as a workplace-advice columnist have taught her that people avoid awkward conversations in the office because they simply don’t know what to say. Thankfully, Green does—and in this incredibly helpful book, she tackles the tough discussions you may need to have during your career. You’ll learn what to say when • coworkers push their work on you—then take credit for it • you accidentally trash-talk someone in an email then hit “reply all” • you’re being micromanaged—or not being managed at all • you catch a colleague in a lie • your boss seems unhappy with your work • your cubemate’s loud speakerphone is making you homicidal • you got drunk at the holiday party Praise for Ask a Manager “A must-read for anyone who works . . . [Alison Green’s] advice boils down to the idea that you should be professional (even when others are not) and that communicating in a straightforward manner with candor and kindness will get you far, no matter where you work.”—Booklist (starred review) “The author’s friendly, warm, no-nonsense writing is a pleasure to read, and her advice can be widely applied to relationships in all areas of readers’ lives. Ideal for anyone new to the job market or new to management, or anyone hoping to improve their work experience.”—Library Journal (starred review) “I am a huge fan of Alison Green’s Ask a Manager column. This book is even better. It teaches us how to deal with many of the most vexing big and little problems in our workplaces—and to do so with grace, confidence, and a sense of humor.”—Robert Sutton, Stanford professor and author of The No Asshole Rule and The Asshole Survival Guide “Ask a Manager is the ultimate playbook for navigating the traditional workforce in a diplomatic but firm way.”—Erin Lowry, author of Broke Millennial: Stop Scraping By and Get Your Financial Life Together
Boss Bitch
Author: Nicole Lapin
Publisher: Currency
ISBN: 0451495861
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 402
Book Description
New York Times bestselling author Nicole Lapin is back with a sassy and actionable guide empowering women to be the boss of their own lives and careers. You don’t need dozens or hundreds of employees to be a boss, says financial expert and serial entrepreneur Nicole Lapin. Hell, you don’t even need one. You just need to be confident, savvy, and ready to get out there and make your success happen. You need to find your inner Boss Bitch — your most confident, savvy, ambitious self—and own it. A Boss Bitch is the she-ro of her own story. She is someone who takes charge of herself and her future and embraces being a “boss” in all senses of the word: whether as the boss of her own life, a boss at work, or the literal boss of her own company (or all three). Whichever she chooses, being a Boss Bitch isn’t something to apologize for—it’s something to be proud of! We all have what it takes to be a boss bitch, says Lapin. The problem is: we don’t learn how to do it in school. Even if we study business, we’re not getting enough real-deal business education. Until now. Here, Lapin draws on raw and often hilariously real stories from her own career and experiences starting businesses—the good, the bad, and the ugly—to show what it means to be a "boss" in twelve easy steps. In her refreshingly honest and relatable style, she first shows how to embrace the boss-of-you mentality by seizing the power that comes from believing in yourself and expanding your personal skillset. Then she offers candid no-nonsense advice on how to kill it as the boss at work whether you have a high-up role or not. And finally, for those who want to take the plunge as an entrepreneur, she lays out the nuts and bolts of how to be the boss of your own business—from raising money and getting it off the ground to hiring a kickass staff and dealing office drama to turning a profit. Being a rock star in your career is something that should be worn as a badge of honor. Here Lapin shows how to crush it in our careers like like a Boss Bitch!
Publisher: Currency
ISBN: 0451495861
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 402
Book Description
New York Times bestselling author Nicole Lapin is back with a sassy and actionable guide empowering women to be the boss of their own lives and careers. You don’t need dozens or hundreds of employees to be a boss, says financial expert and serial entrepreneur Nicole Lapin. Hell, you don’t even need one. You just need to be confident, savvy, and ready to get out there and make your success happen. You need to find your inner Boss Bitch — your most confident, savvy, ambitious self—and own it. A Boss Bitch is the she-ro of her own story. She is someone who takes charge of herself and her future and embraces being a “boss” in all senses of the word: whether as the boss of her own life, a boss at work, or the literal boss of her own company (or all three). Whichever she chooses, being a Boss Bitch isn’t something to apologize for—it’s something to be proud of! We all have what it takes to be a boss bitch, says Lapin. The problem is: we don’t learn how to do it in school. Even if we study business, we’re not getting enough real-deal business education. Until now. Here, Lapin draws on raw and often hilariously real stories from her own career and experiences starting businesses—the good, the bad, and the ugly—to show what it means to be a "boss" in twelve easy steps. In her refreshingly honest and relatable style, she first shows how to embrace the boss-of-you mentality by seizing the power that comes from believing in yourself and expanding your personal skillset. Then she offers candid no-nonsense advice on how to kill it as the boss at work whether you have a high-up role or not. And finally, for those who want to take the plunge as an entrepreneur, she lays out the nuts and bolts of how to be the boss of your own business—from raising money and getting it off the ground to hiring a kickass staff and dealing office drama to turning a profit. Being a rock star in your career is something that should be worn as a badge of honor. Here Lapin shows how to crush it in our careers like like a Boss Bitch!
The Good Boss
Author: Kate Eberle Walker
Publisher: National Geographic Books
ISBN: 195066581X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
When it comes to a woman's day-to-day experience and her career trajectory, one key player has the most significant impact: her boss. If we really want to support women in the workplace, managers must step up. The good news is that many of the things you can do to be a better manager for women are easy. In The Good Boss, CEO and business consultant Kate Eberle Walker offers timely, tactical advice based on her experience coaching managers, as well as the lessons she learned working her own way up the corporate ladder. Eberle Walker outlines nine straightforward rules that any manager can follow to help the women on their team—whether they oversee one, one hundred, or one thousand employees. You'll learn: • How to build stronger working relationships by being your authentic self • How she balances work and family, and what you can do to help • What to do (and what not to do) when a new mother returns to work • How to identify and deal with problematic comments and behaviors from her coworkers • When is the right time to be a tough boss and how to navigate difficult conversations Eberle Walker also shares insights from CEOs across a range of industries who use creative, forward-thinking methods to support women throughout an entire organization. This guide is for all managers—male and female—who want to avoid common missteps, get great results from their employees, and put them on the path to happy and fulfilling careers.
Publisher: National Geographic Books
ISBN: 195066581X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
When it comes to a woman's day-to-day experience and her career trajectory, one key player has the most significant impact: her boss. If we really want to support women in the workplace, managers must step up. The good news is that many of the things you can do to be a better manager for women are easy. In The Good Boss, CEO and business consultant Kate Eberle Walker offers timely, tactical advice based on her experience coaching managers, as well as the lessons she learned working her own way up the corporate ladder. Eberle Walker outlines nine straightforward rules that any manager can follow to help the women on their team—whether they oversee one, one hundred, or one thousand employees. You'll learn: • How to build stronger working relationships by being your authentic self • How she balances work and family, and what you can do to help • What to do (and what not to do) when a new mother returns to work • How to identify and deal with problematic comments and behaviors from her coworkers • When is the right time to be a tough boss and how to navigate difficult conversations Eberle Walker also shares insights from CEOs across a range of industries who use creative, forward-thinking methods to support women throughout an entire organization. This guide is for all managers—male and female—who want to avoid common missteps, get great results from their employees, and put them on the path to happy and fulfilling careers.
Girl Boss 2021 Planner
Author: Nifty Planners
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 149
Book Description
Promotional Price & Limited Time Offer 2021 Weekly Planner Our fresh, stylish personal 2021 Planners are finally here! Gorgeous and hand-designed by our designers they hold everything your heart desires; 2021 vision boards, to-do lists, notes, weekly, monthly & yearly calendar views and motivating inspirational quotes! Perfect to keep track of all your to-do's, meetings, passions and others throughout the entire year. Our range of 2021 weekly planners are an absolute must-have for school, college, home and work! **Contains: 2021 vision board, yearly monthly & daily planner, weekly to-do lists, inspirational quotes and +20 college ruled notes pages** This on-trend weekly planner has weekly spreads with plenty of space to write your weekly to-do lists, personal goals and much more. The stylish and clean design will help you stay focussed on your objectives and passions. The 2021 weekly view has inspirational quotes throughout the planner to keep you going strong all-year round and boost your motivation. It also contains 20+ college ruled notes pages for jotting, doodling and personal notes. Better get out the markers and washi tape! 2021 Planner Features: 8.5 x 11 in dimensions - perfect size to carry everywhere - ample space for setting meetings, journalling or note taking High-quality, sturdy off-white paper 2021 vision board to help you achieve your goals Clean yearly and weekly calendar views to help you plan your year ahead Weekly to-do lists, funny holidays and inspirational quotes to boost productivity Weekly view with plenty of space to write down your daily plans and goals Notes section (+20 pg's) to scribble down your brilliant ideas and plans Durable and stylish printed matte finish cover to protect your planner Designed and printed in USA Perfect Christmas gift for girls and women Buy this pretty, hand-designed 2021 Planner now and start planning 2021 immediately. Visit our author page for dozens of other stylish 2021 planners, journals and notebook designs.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 149
Book Description
Promotional Price & Limited Time Offer 2021 Weekly Planner Our fresh, stylish personal 2021 Planners are finally here! Gorgeous and hand-designed by our designers they hold everything your heart desires; 2021 vision boards, to-do lists, notes, weekly, monthly & yearly calendar views and motivating inspirational quotes! Perfect to keep track of all your to-do's, meetings, passions and others throughout the entire year. Our range of 2021 weekly planners are an absolute must-have for school, college, home and work! **Contains: 2021 vision board, yearly monthly & daily planner, weekly to-do lists, inspirational quotes and +20 college ruled notes pages** This on-trend weekly planner has weekly spreads with plenty of space to write your weekly to-do lists, personal goals and much more. The stylish and clean design will help you stay focussed on your objectives and passions. The 2021 weekly view has inspirational quotes throughout the planner to keep you going strong all-year round and boost your motivation. It also contains 20+ college ruled notes pages for jotting, doodling and personal notes. Better get out the markers and washi tape! 2021 Planner Features: 8.5 x 11 in dimensions - perfect size to carry everywhere - ample space for setting meetings, journalling or note taking High-quality, sturdy off-white paper 2021 vision board to help you achieve your goals Clean yearly and weekly calendar views to help you plan your year ahead Weekly to-do lists, funny holidays and inspirational quotes to boost productivity Weekly view with plenty of space to write down your daily plans and goals Notes section (+20 pg's) to scribble down your brilliant ideas and plans Durable and stylish printed matte finish cover to protect your planner Designed and printed in USA Perfect Christmas gift for girls and women Buy this pretty, hand-designed 2021 Planner now and start planning 2021 immediately. Visit our author page for dozens of other stylish 2021 planners, journals and notebook designs.
Girlboss 2021 Planner
Author: Creative Planners
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 149
Book Description
Promotional Price & Limited Time Offer 2021 Weekly Planner Our fresh, stylish personal 2021 Planners are finally here! Gorgeous and hand-designed by our designers they hold everything your heart desires; 2021 vision boards, to-do lists, notes, weekly, monthly & yearly calendar views and motivating inspirational quotes! Perfect to keep track of all your to-do's, meetings, passions and others throughout the entire year. Our range of 2021 weekly planners are an absolute must-have for school, college, home and work! **Contains: 2021 vision board, yearly monthly & daily planner, weekly to-do lists, inspirational quotes and +20 college ruled notes pages** This on-trend weekly planner has weekly spreads with plenty of space to write your weekly to-do lists, personal goals and much more. The stylish and clean design will help you stay focussed on your objectives and passions. The 2021 weekly view has inspirational quotes throughout the planner to keep you going strong all-year round and boost your motivation. It also contains 20+ college ruled notes pages for jotting, doodling and personal notes. Better get out the markers and washi tape! 2021 Planner Features: 8.5 x 11 in dimensions - perfect size to carry everywhere - ample space for setting meetings, journalling or note taking High-quality, sturdy off-white paper 2021 vision board to help you achieve your goals Clean yearly and weekly calendar views to help you plan your year ahead Weekly to-do lists, funny holidays and inspirational quotes to boost productivity Weekly view with plenty of space to write down your daily plans and goals Notes section (+20 pg's) to scribble down your brilliant ideas and plans Durable and stylish printed matte finish cover to protect your planner Designed and printed in USA Perfect Christmas gift for girls and women Buy this pretty, hand-designed 2021 Planner now and start planning 2021 immediately. Visit our author page for dozens of other stylish 2021 planners, journals and notebook designs.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 149
Book Description
Promotional Price & Limited Time Offer 2021 Weekly Planner Our fresh, stylish personal 2021 Planners are finally here! Gorgeous and hand-designed by our designers they hold everything your heart desires; 2021 vision boards, to-do lists, notes, weekly, monthly & yearly calendar views and motivating inspirational quotes! Perfect to keep track of all your to-do's, meetings, passions and others throughout the entire year. Our range of 2021 weekly planners are an absolute must-have for school, college, home and work! **Contains: 2021 vision board, yearly monthly & daily planner, weekly to-do lists, inspirational quotes and +20 college ruled notes pages** This on-trend weekly planner has weekly spreads with plenty of space to write your weekly to-do lists, personal goals and much more. The stylish and clean design will help you stay focussed on your objectives and passions. The 2021 weekly view has inspirational quotes throughout the planner to keep you going strong all-year round and boost your motivation. It also contains 20+ college ruled notes pages for jotting, doodling and personal notes. Better get out the markers and washi tape! 2021 Planner Features: 8.5 x 11 in dimensions - perfect size to carry everywhere - ample space for setting meetings, journalling or note taking High-quality, sturdy off-white paper 2021 vision board to help you achieve your goals Clean yearly and weekly calendar views to help you plan your year ahead Weekly to-do lists, funny holidays and inspirational quotes to boost productivity Weekly view with plenty of space to write down your daily plans and goals Notes section (+20 pg's) to scribble down your brilliant ideas and plans Durable and stylish printed matte finish cover to protect your planner Designed and printed in USA Perfect Christmas gift for girls and women Buy this pretty, hand-designed 2021 Planner now and start planning 2021 immediately. Visit our author page for dozens of other stylish 2021 planners, journals and notebook designs.
Rethinking Organised Crime
Author: Leslie Holmes
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 180220623X
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 289
Book Description
A complex phenomenon which has undergone significant changes in the past forty years, Leslie Holmes argues that organised crime is in need of re-conceptualisation. This innovative book navigates the evolution of this issue to grasp its full scope in the twenty-first century.
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 180220623X
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 289
Book Description
A complex phenomenon which has undergone significant changes in the past forty years, Leslie Holmes argues that organised crime is in need of re-conceptualisation. This innovative book navigates the evolution of this issue to grasp its full scope in the twenty-first century.