Germplasm Identification of Bean ( Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) and Lettuce ( Lactuca Sativa L.) Resistant to Avirulent Populations of Meloidogyne Spp. to Mi Gene PDF Download
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Author: Anna Sanz Prieto
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Languages : en
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Phytoparasitic nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne spp. are the cause of important losses in horticulture. In recent years, plant resistance has been used to reduce this damage in a sustainable way. The present work determines the resistance against Meloidogyne spp. of two varieties of lettuce Grand Rapids and Salinas 88, and the resistance of three varieties of common bean Aporé, Macarrão Atibaia and Ouro Negro, which have previously been studied in the University Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Brazil. Furthermore this study will assess the possibility of resistance of a common bean cultivar, Cornell 49242, which has not been previously tested. As a method of controlling all the tests carried out two cultivars were used - Regina 71 for lettuce and Bolinha for common bean. In order to characterize the resistance, two experiments were carried out. Firstly, both crops were confronted with 11 populations of Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica in a pot experiment. Secondly, a field conditions experiment was used to observe the behaviour of the different cultivars under different densities of Meloidogyne incognita. The results confirmed the resistance of the Grand Rapids and Salinas 88 lettuce cv to nematode populations from Almeria, Murcia and Catalonia., as they obtained lower nematode reproductions in the pot experiment and reduced the soil population in the field experiment. The common bean cultivars showed more diverse results. Aporé cv. proved to be resistant in all experiments. The results for Macarrão Atibaia and Ouro Negro showed their slight resistance and susceptibility (of the 45%) to the majority of the nematode populations used in the pot experiment. In field conditions the results differed. Ouro Negro was slightly resistant, but Macarrão Atibaia behaved as susceptible with an 81.9% of reproduction compared to Bolinha (susceptible cultivar of control). The cultivar Cornell 49242 behaved as susceptible in front the majority of the Meloidogyne spp. populations of the pot experiment.
Author: Anna Sanz Prieto
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Phytoparasitic nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne spp. are the cause of important losses in horticulture. In recent years, plant resistance has been used to reduce this damage in a sustainable way. The present work determines the resistance against Meloidogyne spp. of two varieties of lettuce Grand Rapids and Salinas 88, and the resistance of three varieties of common bean Aporé, Macarrão Atibaia and Ouro Negro, which have previously been studied in the University Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Brazil. Furthermore this study will assess the possibility of resistance of a common bean cultivar, Cornell 49242, which has not been previously tested. As a method of controlling all the tests carried out two cultivars were used - Regina 71 for lettuce and Bolinha for common bean. In order to characterize the resistance, two experiments were carried out. Firstly, both crops were confronted with 11 populations of Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica in a pot experiment. Secondly, a field conditions experiment was used to observe the behaviour of the different cultivars under different densities of Meloidogyne incognita. The results confirmed the resistance of the Grand Rapids and Salinas 88 lettuce cv to nematode populations from Almeria, Murcia and Catalonia., as they obtained lower nematode reproductions in the pot experiment and reduced the soil population in the field experiment. The common bean cultivars showed more diverse results. Aporé cv. proved to be resistant in all experiments. The results for Macarrão Atibaia and Ouro Negro showed their slight resistance and susceptibility (of the 45%) to the majority of the nematode populations used in the pot experiment. In field conditions the results differed. Ouro Negro was slightly resistant, but Macarrão Atibaia behaved as susceptible with an 81.9% of reproduction compared to Bolinha (susceptible cultivar of control). The cultivar Cornell 49242 behaved as susceptible in front the majority of the Meloidogyne spp. populations of the pot experiment.
Author: Tamara Iva Miller
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781085732857
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is consumed by millions of people worldwide and is a staple source of protein, starch and micronutrients. Common bean production across the world is affected by abiotic and biotic stresses that limit the growth and yield of this important crop. Efforts to breed improved common bean for dissemination to farmers and consumers in East Africa is underway in several breeding programs worldwide. Improvement on agronomic and consumer traits such as disease resistance can be greatly aided by the application of next generation sequencing technologies. With the decreasing cost of DNA sequencing, genomic re-sequencing of diverse common bean accessions facilitates marker- assisted breeding that can be used to speed the creation of new common bean cultivars. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is an important aspect of modern bean breeding that seeks to utilize genetic markers to select individuals with improved agronomic and consumer traits. For example, breeders in the African Bean Consortium seek to introgress known genetic loci conferring resistance to multiple diseases into bean genetic backgrounds with preferred seed and agronomic characteristics. However, the usefulness of markers is dependent on whether they are polymorphic in the specific parents of the breeding program. Often genetic markers identified in a specific plant population are not useful for marker assisted selection among a different set of bean parents, which necessitates identification of novel markers linked to the genes of interest that are polymorphic among breeding parents. One disease that greatly affects common bean production in humid tropical and sub-tropical growing regions is Angular Leaf Spot (ALS; caused by the foliar fungus Pseudocercospora griseola Sacc.). Marker assisted breeding is being used in multiple different bean breeding programs to improve the resistance of adapted cultivars to ALS. The ALS resistance locus, Phg-2, is an important resistance locus used to improve plant resistance to Angular Leaf Spot in South America and Pan Africa, however in the case of the African Bean Consortium breeding programs in East Africa, certain bean parents used for breeding were monomorphic for the original marker used to perform marker assisted selection of Phg-2. In order to facilitate marker assisted selection of Phg-2 in specific breeding parents used in the Uganda bean improvement program, an alternative, co-dominant, marker linked to the Phg-2 ALS resistance locus was developed (Chapter 1). A new marker, g796, was identified which is polymorphic among the breeding parents; its co-segregation was confirmed in a segregating F2 population derived from the cross between French bean variety Amy and the ALS resistance donor, Mexico 54. This work was conducted in collaboration with Stephen Kimno and Esther Arunga at Embu University, Kenya, as well as other members of the African Bean Consortium bean breeding programs in Tanzania, Uganda, and Ethiopia. The application of DNA sequencing to marker-assisted breeding and crop improvement is rapidly becoming common in the development of improved bean varieties. A nearly complete reference genome and transcriptome for Phaseolus vulgaris was released in 2014 and newly resequenced genomes of diverse bean accessions are being developed for the purpose of marker assisted breeding. In Chapter 2, whole-genome resequencing of 29 bean accessions, including accessions commonly used as breeding parents, was carried out in collaboration with the Ratz lab at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT, Colombia). Genetic diversity analysis was performed in order to access the evolutionary relationships between the sequenced bean genomes. Data generated by this work was made available to the larger bean research community and will be used by breeders and geneticists to perform marker-assisted selection and genetic analysis in the future. Angular leaf spot (ALS) occurs throughout Eastern and Southern Africa (as well as other parts of the world) and can cause yield losses up to 80% in environments that favor the disease. ALS is caused by the fungal pathogen, Pseudocercospora griseola, a highly diverse pathogen with many different races that infect diverse types of bean hosts. Growing crop cultivars with genetic resistance to the disease is one of the most effective measures for farmers to reduce crop losses due to ALS. The landrace Mexico 54 is used as a donor for ALS resistance in East Africa and marker-assisted selection of the Phg-2 ALS resistance locus from Mexico 54 is underway in multiple breeding programs in order to increase the resistance of adapted bean germplasm in East Africa and Brazil. Previous allelism tests between different ALS resistance donors suggested additional resistance loci exist in Mexico 54 besides the Phg-2 locus and were named Phg-5 and Phg-6. The genomic locations of the proposed Phg-5 and Phg-6 resistance genes in Mexico 54 have never been investigated, however, the existence of multiple resistance loci in Mexico 54 is likely the cause of its high level of resistance to ALS on multiple continents. In Chapter 3, a biparental mapping population consisting of 167 F8 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) was derived from a cross between Kablanketi, a preferred bean market type in Tanzania, and Mexico 54 in order to map additional quantitative trait loci that confer resistance to ALS in Mexico 54. The identification of novel ALS resistance loci will aid breeders to develop resistant cultivars as well as provide a greater understanding of the genetic diversity that influences resistance to ALS.
![Genetic Variation in Meloidogyne Hapla and Inheritance of Viurlence [i.e. Virulence] to Resistance in Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris) PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/0GJJLWC_ZIMC?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Pei-Chen Chen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Common bean
Languages : en
Pages : 252
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Author: Theresa Yankey Acquaah
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fungal diseases of plants
Languages : en
Pages : 230
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Author: Charles Omambia Omwega
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Beans
Languages : en
Pages : 250
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Author: Heber Irizarry
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 156
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Author: R. K. Maiti
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 678
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Author: Paul Gepts
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 636
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Book Description
Phaseolus germplasm exploration and maintenance (Phaseolus germplasm exploration; Phaseolus seed storage methodologies; Centralized database for the common bean and its use in diversity analysis; Phaseolus world collection; Base collection of wild and botanical forms of Phaseoleae-Pheseolinae; The international Phaseolus germplasm netwook); Domestication and evoluation of Phaseolus sp. with special reference to P. vulgaris (Phaseolus in archaelogy; MOrphological, physiological, and biochemical changes in Phaseolus beans under domestication; The wild relative of Phaseolus vulgaris in middle america; Wild ancestor of Phaseolus vulgaris in South America; Phaseolus as an evolutionary marker); Genetics of Phaseolus vulgaris (Genotypic and phenotypic markers in common bean; Linkage mapping of marker genes in common bean; Genetic structure of bean landraces in Malawi; Middle american and an andrean common bean gene pool); Genetic resources, domestication, and evoluation of other cultivated Phaseolus species; Utilization of Phaseolus genetic resources (Phaseolus genetic resources and breeding in Brazil; Interspecific hybridization betmeen Phaseolus vulgaris and P. acutifolius; Selection methods in the common bean Phaseolus vulgaris; Transper of qualitative traits in wide crosses involving the common bean Phaseolus vulgaris; Utilization fo genetic resources in teh development of commercial bean cultivars in the U.S.A.
Author: Oritsesaninormi Blessing Oraguzie
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Beans
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: C. Michael Smith
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402037023
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 421
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Book Description
This book synthesizes new information about the environmental advantages of plant resistance, transgenic resistance, the molecular bases of resistance, and the use of molecular markers to map resistance genes. Readers are presented in-depth descriptions of techniques to quantify resistance, factors affecting resistance expression, and the deployment of resistance genes. New information about gene-for-gene interactions between resistant plants and arthropod biotypes is discussed along with the recent examples of using arthropod resistant plants in integrated pest management systems.
