Genetic Control of Schwann Cell Differentiation PDF Download
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Author: Margretha Johanna Franciska Driegen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 121
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Book Description
Author: Margretha Johanna Franciska Driegen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 121
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Book Description
Author: Todd S. Zorick
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Book Description
Author: Brian L. Nelms
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN: 161504048X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 227
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Book Description
The neural crest is a remarkable embryonic population of cells found only in vertebrates and has the potential to give rise to many different cell types contributing throughout the body. These derivatives range from the mesenchymal bone and cartilage comprising the facial skeleton, to neuronal derivatives of the peripheral sensory and autonomic nervous systems, to melanocytes throughout the body, and to smooth muscle of the great arteries of the heart. For these cells to correctly progress from an unspecifi ed, nonmigratory population to a wide array of dynamic, differentiated cell types-some of which retain stem cell characteristics presumably to replenish these derivatives-requires a complex network of molecular switches to control the gene programs giving these cells their defi ning structural, enzymatic, migratory, and signaling capacities. This review will bring together current knowledge of neural crest-specifi c transcription factors governing these progressions throughout the course of development. A more thorough understanding of the mechanisms of transcriptional control in differentiation will aid in strategies designed to push undifferentiated cells toward a particular lineage, and unraveling these processes will help toward reprogramming cells from a differentiated to a more naive state. Table of Contents: Introduction / AP Genes / bHLH Genes / ETS Genes / Fox Genes / Homeobox Genes / Hox Genes / Lim Genes / Pax Genes / POU Domain Genes / RAR/RXR Genes / Smad Genes / Sox Genes / Zinc Finger Genes / Other Miscellaneous Genes / References / Author Biographies
Author: Raghu Ramesh (Ph.D.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Schwann cells are important glia in the peripheral nerve that myelinate axons and allow for rapid nerve conduction. Myelinating Schwann cells align and wrap around large diameter motor axons, whereas non-myelinating Schwann cells envelop bundles of small diameter sensory axons with their membranes. Schwann cells also play critical roles after peripheral nerve injury by performing tasks such as clearing myelin debris, recruiting macrophages, forming axon-guiding Bands of Bungner and re-myelinating new axons. Schwann cells undergo transcriptional and epigenomic remodeling to transdifferentiate from a myelinating state into a repair state that expresses a distinct set of genes not expressed in development. The transcription factor SOX10 is required for glial fate differentiation in the peripheral nerve and spinal cord. Transcription factors expressed in myelinating Schwann cells are not cell-specific, therefore interactions between transcription factor pairs drive Schwann cell differentiation. The nuclear receptor NR2F2 is co-expressed with SOX10 from early development in the neural crest through Schwann cell maturity, and NR2F2 motifs are enriched at peripheral nerve-specific SOX10-bound enhancers. Using siRNA knockdown, RNA-seq, and Cut&Run, we found that NR2F2 binds to and regulates non-myelinating Schwann cell genes and co-binds with RXRG and TEAD1 to form distinct transcriptional complexes at SOX10-bound, peripheral nerve enhancers. Many of the genes activated in the repair state transition in Schwann cells are associated with dynamically regulated enhancers that are not present during myelination, but appear after nerve injury. The AP-1 family member JUN is important for the induction for injury genes. To determine the extent to which JUN binds injury-induced enhancers, we incorporated ChIP-seq data and found that JUN binds to a significant proportion of injury-induced enhancers. Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is a strongly induced injury gene and a target of JUN regulation. We found that JUN binds at three upstream injury-induced enhancers. Deletion of these Shh enhancers strongly downregulated the transcript post-injury in vivo, and these enhancers are activated by JUN overexpression in vitro. Due to the importance of Schwann cells in myelination and nerve regeneration, determining transcriptional mechanisms that mediate cellular processes is crucial for understanding debilitating nerve injuries, myelinopathies, and hereditary neuropathies.
Author: D. Meijer
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN: 0128062436
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 33
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Book Description
Author: Maya Sieber-Blum
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814343803
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 169
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Book Description
Offers readers an understanding of the development of neural crest cells, which is crucial as many birth defects and tumours are of neural crest origin. Delving into stem cells from different locations of the body, this book explores the best possible source of such cells for the use in medical applications.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123973481
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 993
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Book Description
The genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of neural development are essential for understanding evolution and disorders of neural systems. Recent advances in genetic, molecular, and cell biological methods have generated a massive increase in new information, but there is a paucity of comprehensive and up-to-date syntheses, references, and historical perspectives on this important subject. The Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series is designed to fill this gap, offering the most thorough coverage of this field on the market today and addressing all aspects of how the nervous system and its components develop. Particular attention is paid to the effects of abnormal development and on new psychiatric/neurological treatments being developed based on our increased understanding of developmental mechanisms. Each volume in the series consists of review style articles that average 15-20pp and feature numerous illustrations and full references. Volume 1 offers 48 high level articles devoted mainly to patterning and cell type specification in the developing central and peripheral nervous systems. Series offers 144 articles for 2904 full color pages addressing ways in which the nervous system and its components develop Features leading experts in various subfields as Section Editors and article Authors All articles peer reviewed by Section Editors to ensure accuracy, thoroughness, and scholarship Volume 1 sections include coverage of mechanisms which: control regional specification, regulate proliferation of neuronal progenitors and control differentiation and survival of specific neuronal subtypes, and controlling development of non-neural cells
Author: Kwok-Fai So
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 9780128017326
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Neural Regeneration provides an overview of cutting-edge knowledge on a broad spectrum of neural regeneration, including: Neural regeneration in lower vertebrates Neural regeneration in the peripheral nervous system Neural regeneration in the central nervous system Transplantation-mediated neural regeneration Clinical and translational research on neural regeneration The contributors to this book are experts in their fields and work at distinguished institutions in the United States, Canada, Australia, and China. Nervous system injuries, including peripheral nerve injuries, brain and spinal cord injuries, and stroke affect millions of people worldwide every year. As a result of this high incidence of neurological injuries, neural regeneration and repair is becoming a rapidly growing field dedicated to the new discoveries to promote structural and functional recoveries based on neural regeneration. The ultimate goal is to translate the most optimal regenerative strategies to treatments of human nervous system injuries. This valuable reference book is useful for students, postdoctors, and basic and clinical scientists who are interested in neural regeneration research.
Author: Shaalee Dworski
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780494765241
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Nicole Le Douarin
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521620109
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 494
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Book Description
This 1999 edition of The Neural Crest contains comprehensive information about the neural crest, a structure unique to the vertebrate embryo, which has only a transient existence in early embryonic life. The ontogeny of the neural crest embodies the most important issues in developmental biology, as the neural crest is considered to have played a crucial role in evolution of the vertebrate phylum. Data that analyse neural crest ontogeny in murine and zebrafish embryos have been included in this revision. This revised edition also takes advantage of recent advances in our understanding of markers of neural crest cell subpopulations, and a full chapter is now devoted to cell lineage analysis. The major research breakthrough since the first edition has been the introduction of molecular biology to neural crest research, enabling an elucidation of many molecular mechanisms of neural crest development. This book is essential reading for students and researchers in developmental biology, cell biology, and neuroscience.
