Author: Sonia Chaman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 169

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Author: Hafiz Ghulam Muhu-Din Ahmed
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659689482
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 68

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Yield is economically most important and most complex polygenic trait. To meet the today's challenges new genotypes of wheat are being evaluated by continued genetic recombination. Efforts to improve wheat plant have been made at various plant characters. Yield component breeding and modification of the plant architecture offer possibilities to develop more efficient breeding systems for increased grain yield.Therefore, the present studies were designed the genetic behavior of some polygenic (Morpho-physiological) characters of spring wheat were brought under consideration in order to determine the Gene action involved in their inheritance. Information so derived would be efficiently exploited to design suitable strategies for sustained genetic improvement of this essential food crop.

Author: Juan David Jimenez Pardo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple cereal that provides 20% of the calories and proteins in human intake (Ray et al., 2013). Global population is projected to increase to 9.7 billion by 2050. Food production must increase by 70% to feed this future population. Wheat production is in crisis due to political and environmental challenges and is projected to decline by 0.8% in 2022 (FAO, 2022). To ensure food security yield genetic gain must increase by around 1.4% annually. Taking advantage of heterosis, hybrid wheat has the potential to boost grain yield. However, hybrid wheat seed production systems are not profitable due to the cleistogamy of the crop (Longin et al., 2012). Selection of parental lines with beneficial floral traits is necessary to improve outcrossing ability and thus seed set in hybrid wheat production fields. While several studies have focused on the morphological and genetic variation of male floral traits, few have studied in detail the phenotypic and genetic architecture of female floral traits and their crucial importance in hybrid wheat seed production systems. This study aims to unravel the genetic architecture of key female floral traits for hybrid wheat seed production by phenotyping key female floral traits and conducting a genome wide association study to decipher the genetic basis of the phenotyped traits. We studied a panel of winter wheat breeding lines sprayed with the Chemical Hybridizing Agent Croisor®100. Gape Date, Gape Score, and CHA damage were measured during seven years and genotyped with 44,240 SNP markers. The phenotypic variation was very wide for all female traits in the phenotyped lines. We identified 73 significant marker-trait associations for all assessed traits. Three candidate genes coding for unknown proteins were the most promising and their specific biological function need to be explored. The understanding of the genetic architecture of the female floral traits, and the identified marker-trait associations and candidate genes in this study might serve as a foundation for future studies on developing female floral traits to enhance cross-pollination for effective hybrid wheat seed production.

Author: Satish Kumar Thakral
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Gaoneng Shao
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832545211
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 214

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Author: Aniket Y. Makani
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783330012264
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 340

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Author: Kendra Lyn Gregory Jernigan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 158

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Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is used in diverse baked products that require specific end use quality traits. Kernel texture, flour water absorption capacity, gluten strength, starch composition, and other flour constituents all influence overall flour functionality and dough rheology, specifying both wheat market class and intended end product. Wheat breeders need to develop cultivars with superior end-use quality traits, while also optimizing important agronomic traits. Our first objective was to use a genetic linkage map and 207 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) from a soft white 'Coda' by 'Brundage' cross to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for grain, milling, and baking traits. The linkage map was developed using 570 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and 136 simple sequence repeat markers. The RILs were grown in five locations in Idaho and Washington from 2006 to 2013. We detected three QTL on chromosomes 2D, 4B, and 6B that were consistently associated with multiple end-use quality traits. Our second objective was to use a genetic linkage map and 131 RILs from a soft white 'Louise' by 'Alpowa' cross to identify QTL associated with arabinoxylan content and milling traits. The linkage map consisted of 924 SNPs and 41 linkage groups. This population was grown in three Washington locations from 2011 to 2012. We detected 28 QTL associated with seven arabinoxylan content and milling traits. Our third objective was to use 480 advanced breeding lines and Pacific Northwest cultivars to identify molecular markers associated with 21 end-use quality traits. Genotypic data from the iSelect 90K SNP chip was combined with best linear unbiased predictions of historic phenotypic data from the USDA-ARS Western Wheat Quality Laboratory. Genome-wide association mapping in the R package, genome association and prediction integrated tool (GAPIT), detected significant markers for multiple end-use quality traits on chromosomes1B, 1D, 2D, 5A, 5B, and 7A. An improved understanding of the genetic architecture underlying end-use quality traits in wheat may assist breeders with cultivar development for superior end-use quality, particularly by increasing frequencies of favorable alleles in breeding populations. Cultivars with superior end-use quality will allow US wheat producers to maintain domestic and international markets.

Author: Yasunari Ogihara
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 4431556753
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 421

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This proceedings is a collection of 46 selected papers that were presented at the 12th International Wheat Genetics Symposium (IWGS). Since the launch of the wheat genome sequencing project in 2005, the arrival of draft genome sequences has marked a new era in wheat genetics and genomics, catalyzing rapid advancement in the field. This book provides a comprehensive review of the forefront of wheat research, across various important topics such as germplasm and genetic diversity, cytogenetics and allopolyploid evolution, genome sequencing, structural and functional genomics, gene function and molecular biology, biotic stress, abiotic stress, grain quality, and classical and molecular breeding. Following an introduction, 9 parts of the book are dedicated to each of these topics. A final, 11th part entitled “Toward Sustainable Wheat Production” contains 7 excellent papers that were presented in the 12th IWGS Special Session supported by the OECD. With rapid population growth and radical climate changes, the world faces a global food crisis and is in need of another Green Revolution to boost yields of wheat and other widely grown staple crops. Although this book focuses on wheat, many of the newly developed techniques and results presented here can be applied to other plant species with large and complex genomes. As such, this volume is highly recommended for all students and researchers in wheat sciences and related plant sciences and for those who are interested in stable food production and food security.

Author: Megan Johanna Lewien
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 208

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By 2050 global demand for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is predicted to grow by 60%. To meet this demand, annual genetic gains must increase by 1.4%, and withstand increasing environmental stresses. The goal of the work herein was to use new phenomic, genomic and molecular tools to identify novel genomic regions associated with eyespot (Oculimacula yallundae and O. acuformis) disease resistance, drought tolerance and yield stability. To identify novel genomic regions associated with eyespot resistance in winter wheat, disease susceptibility was evaluated in two PNW winter wheat panels (n= 469, 399) and genome-wide association mapping was conducted. Of the 92 marker trait associations identified, the seven most significant cumulatively reduced eyespot disease response. As breeding lines were used, the results can be used for rapid introgression of resistance alleles into elite lines. The second objective of this work was to evaluate phenotypic associations of physiological traits and yield under rain-fed conditions to identify traits for use in breeding. 700 lines of the spring wheat nested association mapping panel were evaluated for water use efficiency, plant water status, photosynthetic and photoprotective mechanisms and grain yield over three years. Six traits had a cumulative effect on increasing yield: plant water status, plant height, photosynthetic capacity, vegetative green index, water used efficiency and days from sowing to heading. The physiological traits identified can be used to improve selection efficiency and yield stability under variable rain-fed conditions. The third objective of this work was to identify genomic regions associated with the water-use efficiency, plant water status, leaf health and photosynthesis. 650 lines of the spring wheat NAM panel were evaluated for these traits and grain yield under rain-fed conditions and joint inclusive composite interval mapping and genome-wide association analysis was conducted. The seven most significant grain yield QTL identified, located on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 2B, 4B, 5B, and 7B, were found in multiple environments and were associated with multiple physiological traits. This study helps reveal the genetic architecture of drought tolerance and grain yield and can be used to improve the efficiency of breeding under variable water-limited conditions.

Author: Karansher Singh Sandhu
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832529615
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 657

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