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Author: Joseph Evans
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Languages : en
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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) is the world's fifth most economically important cereal crop, grown worldwide as a source of food for both humans and livestock. Sorghum is a C4 grass that is well adapted to hot and arid climes and is popular for cultivation on lands of marginal quality. Recent interest in development of biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass has drawn attention to sorghum, which can be cultivated in areas not suitable for more traditional crops, and is capable of generating plant biomass in excess of 40 tons per acre. While the quantity of biomass and low water consumption make sorghum a viable candidate for biofuels growth, the biomass composition is enriched in lignin, which is problematic for enzymatic and chemical conversion techniques. The genetic basis for stem composition was analyzed in sorghum populations using a combination of genetic, genomic, and bioinformatics techniques. Utilizing acetyl bromide extraction, the variation in stem lignin content was quantified across several sorghum cultivars, confirming that lignin content varied considerably among sorghum cultivars. Previous work identifying sorghum reduced-lignin lines has involved the monolignol biosynthetic pathway; all steps in the pathway were putatively identified in the sorghum genome using sequence analysis. A bioinformatics toolkit was constructed to allow for the development of genetic markers in sorghum populations, and a database and web portal were generated to allow users to access previously developed genetic markers. Recombinant inbred lines were analyzed for stem composition using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIR) and genetic maps constructed using restriction site-linked polymorphisms, revealing 34 quantitative trail loci (QTL) for stem composition variation in a BTx642 x RTx7000 population, and six QTL for stem composition variation in an SC56 x RTx7000 population. Sequencing the genome of BTx642 and RTx7000 to a depth of ~11x using Illumina sequencing revealed approximately 1.4 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 1 million SNPs, respectively. These polymorphisms can be used to identify putative amino acid changes in genes within these genotypes, and can also be used for fine mapping. Plotting the density of these SNPs revealed patterns of genetic inheritance from shared ancestral lines both between the newly sequenced genotypes and relative to the reference genotype BTx623.
Author: Joseph Evans
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) is the world's fifth most economically important cereal crop, grown worldwide as a source of food for both humans and livestock. Sorghum is a C4 grass that is well adapted to hot and arid climes and is popular for cultivation on lands of marginal quality. Recent interest in development of biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass has drawn attention to sorghum, which can be cultivated in areas not suitable for more traditional crops, and is capable of generating plant biomass in excess of 40 tons per acre. While the quantity of biomass and low water consumption make sorghum a viable candidate for biofuels growth, the biomass composition is enriched in lignin, which is problematic for enzymatic and chemical conversion techniques. The genetic basis for stem composition was analyzed in sorghum populations using a combination of genetic, genomic, and bioinformatics techniques. Utilizing acetyl bromide extraction, the variation in stem lignin content was quantified across several sorghum cultivars, confirming that lignin content varied considerably among sorghum cultivars. Previous work identifying sorghum reduced-lignin lines has involved the monolignol biosynthetic pathway; all steps in the pathway were putatively identified in the sorghum genome using sequence analysis. A bioinformatics toolkit was constructed to allow for the development of genetic markers in sorghum populations, and a database and web portal were generated to allow users to access previously developed genetic markers. Recombinant inbred lines were analyzed for stem composition using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIR) and genetic maps constructed using restriction site-linked polymorphisms, revealing 34 quantitative trail loci (QTL) for stem composition variation in a BTx642 x RTx7000 population, and six QTL for stem composition variation in an SC56 x RTx7000 population. Sequencing the genome of BTx642 and RTx7000 to a depth of ~11x using Illumina sequencing revealed approximately 1.4 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 1 million SNPs, respectively. These polymorphisms can be used to identify putative amino acid changes in genes within these genotypes, and can also be used for fine mapping. Plotting the density of these SNPs revealed patterns of genetic inheritance from shared ancestral lines both between the newly sequenced genotypes and relative to the reference genotype BTx623.
Author: Robert Taylor Anderson (Jr.)
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Sorghum bicolor is a subtropical grass grown throughout the world for human consumption, animal feed and for the growing biofuels industry. In this thesis I characterize sorghum stem growth and chemical composition, and identify QTL and candidate genes which may regulate stem development. In addition, I attempt to correlate variation in stem composition with saccharification efficiency in two sorghum populations. Under greenhouse conditions, stem length in the vegetative phase typically accelerated starting with the 10th internode, possibly reaching a maximum elongation rate by the time the 20th internode stopped growing. The rate of stem diameter growth increased steadily and achieved a maximum diameter growth rate by the time the 11th internode stopped growing. Under these growth conditions, the plateau for the internode diameter growth rate occurred at 60 days after seedling emergence. Variation in internode growth was driven primarily by cell division, though differences in cell size began to play a significant role as cell number increased. Internode growth was positively correlated with GRAS, bHLH and B3 transcription factor expression and was negatively correlated with AP2/EREBP, MYB and WRKY transcription factors. In addition, the outer rind of the internode had gene expression that resembled expression in young tissue while the central tissue had gene expression that resembled expression in mature tissue. Sorghum accessions displayed a wide range of internode chemical compositions and saccharification efficiencies. However, no clear patterns were present between variation in composition from the NIR spectra and variation in saccharification efficiency on the iWALL system. Multiple linear regression analysis, however, revealed that high biomass density appeared to inhibit saccharification in these populations. Overall, sorghum stem growth mirrors that seen in other monocots. The gene expression information presented here should be useful for future studies on the roles of various transcription factors in plant development and for the identification of transcription factor binding sites within the genome. Such information will be important for future success in molecular breeding and marker assisted selection. This information will also be invaluable for designing genotypes with novel transcripts that can be activated at specific times, in specific organs and under specific conditions. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152580
Author: Patil R C.
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Huizhe Jin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 338
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With increasing energy demand and diminishing petroleum reserves, energy sources derived from renewable plant-based biomass are an attractive substitute for fossil fuels. Being the fifth most widely grown cereal crop in the world, sorghum is among one of the most attractive bioenergy feedstocks currently under active study. In this thesis, we provide a valuable addition to the genetic resources of sorghum by describing a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of 161 F5 genotypes for the widest euploid cross that can be made in eusorghums, of annual S. bicolor x perennial S. propinquum. It offers advantages over early-generation populations of this cross that will shed new light on genetic, environmental, and physiological / biochemical factors that regulate plant growth and development. A combination of linkage and association genetic approaches using a S. bicolor x S. propinquum F2 population, a S. bicolor BTx623 x IS3620c RIL population, and a S. bicolor diversity panel of 354 accessions characterized at 265,487 SNPs allows us to: tentatively identity and characterize the D gene for the 0́dry' trait; and determine genomic regions corresponding to 3 stem diameter traits and 2 water content traits. We also revealed the evolutionary path of the D gene, as having evolved under balancing selection during a recent tandem expansion of the BGLU gene family in sorghum after its divergence from maize. Co-localizations of stem diameter and water content traits with a number of other bioenergy traits, including plant height, flowering time, branching, stem volume and the 0́8dry' trait, were also observed, suggesting that their inheritance may be functionally (pleiotropy) or physically (linkage disequilibrium) linked. Increasing knowledge of the genetic control of these bioenergy traits in sorghum, and in identification of corresponding genes and their functions, may lead to tools and strategies for either enhancing or suppressing these traits, supporting advances toward greater use of plant-based biomass in biofuel production.
Author: Ignacio A. Ciampitti
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0891186271
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 528
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Sorghum is among the top five cereals and one of the key crops in global food security efforts. Sorghum is a resilient crop under high-stress environments, ensuring productivity and access to food when other crops fail. Scientists see the potential of sorghum as a main staple food in a future challenged by climate change. The contributors provide a comprehensive review of sorghum knowledge. The discussion covers genetic improvements, development of new hybrids, biotechnology, and physiological modifications. Production topics include water and nutrient management, rotations, and pest control. Final end uses, sorghum as a bioenergy crop, markets, and the future of sorghum are presented. IN PRESS! This book is being published according to the “Just Published” model, with more chapters to be published online as they are completed.
Author: Alfred Gilbert Olonjubeh Dixon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Heterosis
Languages : en
Pages : 102
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Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309176891
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 405
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Book Description
Scenes of starvation have drawn the world's attention to Africa's agricultural and environmental crisis. Some observers question whether this continent can ever hope to feed its growing population. Yet there is an overlooked food resource in sub-Saharan Africa that has vast potential: native food plants. When experts were asked to nominate African food plants for inclusion in a new book, a list of 30 species grew quickly to hundreds. All in all, Africa has more than 2,000 native grains and fruitsâ€""lost" species due for rediscovery and exploitation. This volume focuses on native cereals, including: African rice, reserved until recently as a luxury food for religious rituals. Finger millet, neglected internationally although it is a staple for millions. Fonio (acha), probably the oldest African cereal and sometimes called "hungry rice." Pearl millet, a widely used grain that still holds great untapped potential. Sorghum, with prospects for making the twenty-first century the "century of sorghum." Tef, in many ways ideal but only now enjoying budding commercial production. Other cultivated and wild grains. This readable and engaging book dispels myths, often based on Western bias, about the nutritional value, flavor, and yield of these African grains. Designed as a tool for economic development, the volume is organized with increasing levels of detail to meet the needs of both lay and professional readers. The authors present the available information on where and how each grain is grown, harvested, and processed, and they list its benefits and limitations as a food source. The authors describe "next steps" for increasing the use of each grain, outline research needs, and address issues in building commercial production. Sidebars cover such interesting points as the potential use of gene mapping and other "high-tech" agricultural techniques on these grains. This fact-filled volume will be of great interest to agricultural experts, entrepreneurs, researchers, and individuals concerned about restoring food production, environmental health, and economic opportunity in sub-Saharan Africa. Selection, Newbridge Garden Book Club
Author: Dhande P H.
Publisher:
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Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Fikret Isik
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319551779
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 409
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This book fills the gap between textbooks of quantitative genetic theory, and software manuals that provide details on analytical methods but little context or perspective on which methods may be most appropriate for a particular application. Accordingly this book is composed of two sections. The first section (Chapters 1 to 8) covers topics of classical phenotypic data analysis for prediction of breeding values in animal and plant breeding programs. In the second section (Chapters 9 to 13) we provide the concept and overall review of available tools for using DNA markers for predictions of genetic merits in breeding populations. With advances in DNA sequencing technologies, genomic data, especially single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, have become available for animal and plant breeding programs in recent years. Analysis of DNA markers for prediction of genetic merit is a relatively new and active research area. The algorithms and software to implement these algorithms are changing rapidly. This section represents state-of-the-art knowledge on the tools and technologies available for genetic analysis of plants and animals. However, readers should be aware that the methods or statistical packages covered here may not be available or they might be out of date in a few years. Ultimately the book is intended for professional breeders interested in utilizing these tools and approaches in their breeding programs. Lastly, we anticipate the usage of this volume for advanced level graduate courses in agricultural and breeding courses.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9789251033814
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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The publication is broad in scope and coverage, starting with the history and nature of sorghum and millets and dealing with production, utilization and consumption. It provides extensive information on the nutritional value, chemical composition, storage and processing of these foods. In addition, the anti-nutritional factors present in these foods and ways of reducing their health hazards are discussed. The authors have described formulations of various popular foods prepared from sorghum and millets and their nutritional composition and quality, and they have compiled many recipes for the preparation of foods from regions where sorghum and millets are important dietary staples.
